GREEN BUILDINGS RATING SYSTEMS WHERE DO WE STAND? Prof. Dr. Mohamed Moemen Afify Professor of Architecture & Environmental Design Faculty of Engineering

GREEN BUILDINGS’ RATING SYSTEMS“WHERE DO WE STAND?”

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Moemen AfifyProfessor of Architecture & Environmental DesignProfessor of Architecture & Environmental Design

Faculty of Engineering – Cairo UniversityFaculty of Engineering – Cairo UniversityMember of the Egyptian Supreme Green Building CouncilMember of the Egyptian Supreme Green Building Council

Member of the USGBCMember of the USGBCEmail: Email: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles

Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide

Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt

Conclusions and Recommendations

History of Environmental Architecture

Prehistoric Architecture

Ancient Greek ArchitectureAncient Egyptian

Architecture

Ancient Roman Architecture






Middle Eastern Architecture






Local Architecture in Egypt

Nubian Architecture Siwa Architecture

Egyptian Architecture Islamic Architecture






Local Architecture in Egypt

Khedive Ismail Architecture in Egypt(Downtown Cairo Architecture)

-Double high thermal mass walls-High floor height-Shutters-Cross ventilation through courts






Local Architecture – HASSAN FATHY

By the beginning of the sixties of the last century, it was the Egyptian Architect Hassan Fathy, who initiated the importance of such architecture, known after that by the vernacular architecture, and that he was the first to outline the need of environmental architecture in Egypt.






Contemporary ArchitectureWHERE ARE WE NOW ?Architecture in Egypt: (1950 -- 2010)






Contemporary ArchitectureWHERE ARE WE NOW:Architecture in Egypt: (1950 -- 2010)

Are we supposed to building with the traditional means and the architecture of Hassan Fathy OR by high tech means.






Prehistoric Architecture

Actual Architecture

Future Architecture

Green Architecture Evolution






Ecological systems

Natural Man-Made

Water cycleCarbon cycleNitrogen cyclePhosphorous Cycle…

EnvironmentalArchitecture






Environmental Architecture Systems

Active Systems Passive Systems

Photovoltaic cells

Plate Solar Collector

Wind Turbines

Hydroelectric Power

Wind Catchers

Trombe Wall

Passive Solar energy

…






Active Systems

Photovoltaic Wind Turbines

Solar Water Heating






Passive Systems

Wind CatchersTrombe Wall






Green Architecture

Ecological Architecture Sustainable Architecture

Bioclimatic Architecture

Vernacular Architecture Traditional / vernacular Architecture






“An architecture that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs”

What is Green Architecture?






Why Green Buildings are important?






The Global CO2 Emissions by Sector

1- Buildings (Electricity + Heat + Construction) = 47.5%2- Transportation = 25%3 - Land-Use Change & Forestry = 22%4- Other = 5.5%

Source: World Resources Institute, 2008






LEED Green Globes

NAHB BREEAM GBCA

LEED India CASBEE Estidama

?






LEED BREEAM CASBEE

Date Introduced 1998 1990 2004

Ratings Certified / Silver/ Gold / Platinum

Pass / Good /Very good /Excellent/Outstanding

C / B- / B+ / A / S

Assessment USGBC Trainedassessors

Design /managementteam

Third Party Validation

GBCi BRE Third Party Agencies e.g. JSBC (JapanSustainableBuilding Consortium)






LEED Certification Levels

Source: USGBC-LEED Brochure






Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)






1-Sustainable Sites 26 Possible points

• Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

• Site Selection• Development Density & Community

Connectivity• Brownfield Redevelopment• Alternative Transportation• Site Development• Stormwater Design• Heat Island Effect• Light Pollution Reduction






2-Water Efficiency 14 Possible Points

• Water Efficient Landscaping

• Innovative Wastewater Technologies

• Water Use Reduction






3-Energy and Atmosphere 35 Possible Points

•Commissioning of the Building Energy

Systems•Energy Performance•Refrigerant Management•On-Site Renewable Energy•Measurement & Verification•Green Power






4- Materials and Resources 10 Possible Points

•Storage and Collection of Recyclables•Building Reuse•Construction Waste Management•Materials Reuse•Recycled Content•Regional Materials•Rapidly Renewable Materials•Certified Wood






5- Indoor Environmental Quality15 Possible Points

•IAQ Performance•Environmental Tobacco Smoke

(ETS) Control•Outdoor Air Delivery

Monitoring•Increased Ventilation•Construction IAQ Management

Plan•Low-Emitting Materials•Controllability of Systems•Thermal Comfort•Daylighting and Views






LEED for New Construction (LEED NC)






HOW TO IMPLEMENT LEED THROUGH DIFFERENT STAGES OF A PROJECT ??

HOW TO IMPLEMENT LEED THROUGH DIFFERENT STAGES OF A PROJECT ??

Design Stage

Construction Stage

Documentation Stage






BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT’S ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHOD (BREEAM)

Over 115,000 buildings certifiedNearly 700,000 registered As of 2008






Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM)






Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE)

The number of certified buildings is 80As of 2009

CASBEE Different Rating Systems for Different Project

Types

CASBEE for Pre-design

CASBEE for New Construction

CASBEE for Existing Building

CASBEE for Renovation





Conclusions and Recommendations Egypt CO2 Emissions by Sector

1- Buildings (Electricity + Heat + Construction) = 42%2- Industry = 25%3 - Transportation= 21%4- Other = 12%

Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)







The Impacts of Buildingson Egypt Resources

40% Primary Energy Use

62% Electricity Consumption

42% CO2 Emissions

12% Potable Water Consumption

Source: Egypt State of Environment Report 2008






CO2 Emissions per Capita

Energy Consumption

1-Energy and Atmosphere

Credit Categories Overview






2-Sustainable Sites(Land use and Ecology)

Agriculture lost its position as the dominant economic sector

1960 the Agricultural exports was 87% of all merchandise export value

1974 fell to 35%

2001 dropped to 11%

Source: Egyptian Agriculture by Lowell N. Lewis






3-Indoor Environmental QualityBased on methodologies and risk assessments from similarcountries, it is estimated that 85,000-180,000 disability-adjusted life year (DALYs) are lost annually due to indoor air pollution.

Source: Cost of Environmental Degradation by CategoryBy Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Program (METAP)






4-Materials and ResourcesSolid Waste:Total quantity of generated municipal solid wastes (household only) in Egypt is estimated with 20 million tons annually (more than 700 gm per capita), that is daily generation estimated with 55000 tons. As collection and transport efficiency do not exceed 65%, this leads to daily accumulations of these wastes within residential areas and vacant lands. Furthermore recycling is not undertaken safely and soundly which exposes citizens and workers to several health risks. It is noteworthy that most landfills, where final disposal of such wastes takes place are exposed to intentionally or self burn, which exposes ambient environment to risks and worsen their conditions , in addition that necessary equipment are not available in these sites for wastes’ coverage to prevent such burning.







Water Scarcity for the Nile Basin States5-Water Efficiency

Source: www.africanwater.org






Map details Global Water Stressed Countries

Source: News, BBC. "Map details global water stress ." 2006






6-ManagementManagement policy, commissioning, site management and procurement






7-PollutionBlack Cloud







8-Transport

Egypt CO2 Emissions by Sector







9-Architectural DesignArchitectural Design has a major affect on buildings’ sustainability and environmental efficiency. If a building is well-designed and takes into consideration all environmental aspects from the very beginning, it will positively affect the electro-mechanical work afterwards and eventually will result in less energy consumption, and a reduction to all the resources needed.






EgyptianArchitecture

Conclusion & Recommendations






2-Sustainable Sites 3-Indoor Environmental

Quality

4-Materials and Resources

5-Water Efficiency 6-Management

7-Pollution 8-Transport 9-Architectural Design

1-Energy and Atmosphere






RecommendationsEssential factor for the implementation of a Green Building Rating System in Egypt • Raising awareness across all sectors of the building industry.

• Government providing incentives for the adoption and application of environmentally beneficial issues.Incentives may include tax reduction, priority benefits, etc…

• To incorporate Green Building criteria, mentioned before, into the existing building codes.

• Proper enforcement and regular supervision of the application of Green Building Criteria.

• Introduction of Green Building criteria into the education modules of different engineering disciplines.

• Building the capacities of all parties and sectors involved in the building industry, including practitioners, relevant government bodies and academia.

Thank You

Prof. Dr. M. Moemen [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

GREEN BUILDINGS RATING SYSTEMS WHERE DO WE STAND? Prof. Dr. Mohamed Moemen Afify Professor of Architecture & Environmental Design Faculty of Engineering