Green Building at 33rd and Chestnut

Group 23:

Andrew Good Brad Ryals

Bill Curran Andrew Hale

Advisor: Professor Lou DaSaro

Background

-Drexel University

-Need for Integrated Sciences Building

-Designed and operated with an environmentally conscious approach

-Preliminary architectural layout

-Commitment to increased energy efficiency and development of a sustainable environment

Problem Statement

1. Understand architectural, spatial, and occupational requirements of Drexel’s Integrated Sciences Building.

2. Generate engineered designs for all major building systems in a fashion consistent with Drexel’s green desires.

LEED Checklist

-Means of quantifying achievement of green and sustainable goals: LEED Accreditation-Project Goal: Silver Status

Summary of LEED point goals

Site Background

-Location: -NE Corner of S.33rd & Chestnut St.

Philadelphia, PA-Area of lot: 1.03 acres-Current Conditions:

-Parking lot -Sidewalk-Grass

Site Background

-Photos:

Site Location: View from SW

Existing Sidewalk

Existing Parking Lot

Site Background

-Sociologic-College campus

-Demographic - Mostly 18-24 year

olds-Geologic

-Schist-Topographic:

-Elevations +47 to +42 -Economic

-Parking revenue

Site Background

-Storm water runoff-Minimize increase

-Utilities: -Relocation required

-Subsurface Obstructions: -Septa R.O.W -Korman Center Basement

Design Constraints

-External criteria

-Project-specific criteria

External Criteria

Uncontrollable factors innate to site placement

-Location of Philadelphia

-Immediate external constraints due to:

-Geographic region

-City requirements

-Site conditions

External Criteria

-Geographic region constraints:

-Rainfall

-Wind

-Seismic

-Climate

External Criteria

-Average yearly rainfall: Philadelphia, Pa

-2007 World Book Encyclopedia

- 44 to 48 inches

External Criteria

-Wind speed: Philadelphia, PA

-IBC 2006 Figure 1609

- 90mph

External Criteria

-Seismic-IBC 2006:

-Spectral response acceleration for short period (0.2sec)

-Ss=0.35-Spectral response acceleration for 1 sec period

-S1=0.08

Values will be used with site coefficient values to calculate design spectral response acceleration.

External Criteria

-Climate: Philadelphia, PA

-IECC 2006 Section 301

-Climate zone 4A

External Criteria

-Climate zone 4A

ZONE NUMBER

THERMAL CRITERIA

IP Units SI Units

1 9000 < CDD50°F 5000 < CDD10°C

2 6300 < CDD50°F ≤ 9000 3500 < CDD10°C ≤ 5000

3A and 3B 4500 < CDD50°F ≤ 6300 AND HDD65°F ≤ 5400

2500 < CDD10°C ≤ 3500 AND HDD18°C ≤ 3000

4A and 4B CDD50°F ≤ 4500 AND HDD65°F ≤ 5400

CDD10°C ≤ 2500 AND HDD18°C ≤ 3000

3C HDD65°F ≤ 3600 HDD18°C ≤ 2000

4C 3600 < HDD65°F ≤ 5400 2000 < HDD18°C ≤ 3000

5 5400 < HDD65°F ≤ 7200 3000 < HDD18°C ≤ 4000

6 7200 < HDD65°F ≤ 9000 4000 < HDD18°C ≤ 5000

7 9000 < HDD65°F ≤ 12600 5000 < HDD18°C ≤ 7000 8 12600 < HDD65°F 7000 < HDD18 °C

IECC 2006 TABLE 301.3(2) INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE ZONE DEFINITIONS

External Criteria

-City Requirements:

-Philadelphia Building Code 2007

-International Building Code 2006

-International Fire Code 2006

-International Mechanical Code 2006

-International Energy Conservation Code 2006

-ICC Electrical Code

External Criteria

-Site conditions:

-Depth of bedrock

-Ground water table

-Soil composition

External Criteria

-Geotechnical investigation:

-Bedrock at 34’

-GWT at 14’-17’

-Composition: fill, silty sand, schist bedrock

Project-Specific Criteria

Constraints established by the client

Client: Drexel University

-Spatial requirements

-Improved energy efficiency

-Model of green building technology

-Architecture consistent with campus

-Minimal cost

Project-Specific Criteria

Spatial Requirements:

-20,500 SF Office space

-11,200 SF Classrooms

-50,000 SF Laboratory space

Project-Specific Criteria

Modified footprint:

-25,000 SF Office space

-12,000 SF Classrooms

-48,000 SF Laboratory Space

Project-Specific Criteria

Original Footprint Adjusted Footprint

Improve energy efficiency:-Atrium requires gross excess of conditioned air.

Footprint Efficiency-Equest Simulation

Energy Saving

Electric: 40%

Gas: 30%

Project-Specific Criteria

Model of green building technology:

-Incorporate green building techniques

-Utilize LEED certification system to quantify the degree of sustainability

Project-Specific Criteria

Architecture consistent with new buildings:

Law Building Race Street Dorm Bossone Center

Project-Specific Criteria

Minimal cost:

-Value engineered design within budget

-Justify increased initial cost with decreased operating costs

Initial Design Concepts

Major systems:

-Site

-Structural

-Mechanical

-Electrical

-Plumbing

Must satisfy external and project-specific criteria as efficiently as possible.

Initial Site Design

Introduction: Site design determines impervious areas, placement of walkways, and the extent of landscaping.

Initial Site Design

System requirements:

-Adequately handle storm-water

- 100 yr 24 hour rainfall ≈ 7”

-Facilitate efficient pedestrian circulation

- Estimated 1,300 pedestrians / hr

-Utilize site area and provide welcoming appearance

Initial Site Design

System Alternatives:

-Porous concrete walkways

Pros: Level walkway, aesthetic

Cons: Increased heat island effect

-Pervious Concrete

Pros: Promotes vegetation

Cons: Requires maintenance

Initial Site Design

System Alternatives:

-Green roof

Pros: Direct use of water collected

Cons: Maintenance costs

-Rainwater Harvesting

Pros: Low cost, recycles water

Cons: Not aesthetically pleasing

Initial Structural Design

Introduction: Structural design determines how loads exerted on the building will be directed to the foundation system.

Initial Structural Design

System requirements:-Provide adequate resistance to loads.

-Live loads (IBC 2006): 100psf-corridors on 1st floor, 80psf- 2nd floor corridors and above, 40psf-classrooms-Dead loads: 70psf-roof, 95psf-floors-Wind loads: -12.7psf sidewalls, 14.5psf windward, -9psf leeward-Seismic loads: 50psf exerted on veneer

-Must not disrupt serviceability.-L/360 deflection

Initial Structural Design

System alternatives:-Framed structural system

Pros: Quick constructionCons: Expensive

-Load bearing structural systemPros: Simple designCons: Limited span length

Framed structure > Load bearing structure

Initial Structural Design

System alternatives:

-Concrete Frame

Pros: Regional, recycled material

Cons: Progress susceptible to weather

-Steel Frame

Pros: High strength to weight ratio

Cons: Long lead time

Initial Mechanical Design

-Introduction: Mechanical design determines the type and sizing of heating and cooling equipment.

-Outdoor design temperatures:

Winter: 0 F

Summer: 95 F

-Indoor design temperatures:

Winter: maximum of 72 F

Summer: minimum of 75 F

Initial Mechanical Design

System Requirements:

-Sensible/Latent loads-People: 0.6 MBtu/h -Lights/Equipment: 2.4 MBtu/h

-Ventilation: 27,000 CFM

Based on ASHRAE approximations

Initial Mechanical Design

System Alternatives:-Geothermal Heat Pump

Pros: Uses groundwater for heat exchange Cons: Additional excavation

-VAV systemPros: Variability of flow to spacesCons: High energy to provide cooling

Initial Electrical Design

Introduction: The electrical system needs to be able to power the building’s lighting and equipment (Lab, HVAC, and Office)

Initial Electrical Design

System Requirements:

-Electrical Lighting Demand

-Classrooms 1.2 W/sf

-Offices 1.0 W/sf

-Electrical Equipment Demand

-Offices 0.81 W/sf

IECC 2006 & ASHRAE Fundamentals

Initial Electrical Design

System Alternatives:

-Solar power

Pros: Lower demand charges

Cons: Variable supply

-Wind power

Pros: Reduce dependence on non-renewable energy

Cons: Not aesthetically pleasing

Initial Plumbing Design

Introduction: The plumbing system distributes potable water to the building fixtures and also is responsible for removing wastewater.

Initial Plumbing Design

System Requirements:

Estimated Minimum Plumbing Facilities

-Toilets: 30 (Max 1.6 gpf)

-Lavatories: 30

-Lab Sinks: 60

IBC 2006 & from GRCH, Inc. Lab study

Initial Plumbing Design

System Alternatives:-Grey water system

Pros: Effective water resource management.Cons: Additional piping required.

-Conventional sanitary systemPros: Standard procedure - zero learning curve.Cons: Increases strain on regional sanitary sewer system.

Project Planning

-Project and design budget-Design schedule

Project and Design Budgets

Design Schedule

ReferencesRace Street Dorm Pic:http://www.drexel.edu/depts/pdc/pages/projects.aspLaw Building Pictures:http://www.drexel.edu/law/law-building.aspBossone Building Pictures:http://www.drexel.edu/univrel/events/bossone.aspLEED Logo:http://danielsandhouse.com/images/LEED_logo.gifCut cost:https://www.storesonlinepro.com/files/1701548/uploaded/cut%20costs.jpgElectric:http://www.hse.gov.uk/workplacetransport/images/warning-electricity-2.gifPlumbing:http://discussion.autodesk.com/servlet/JiveServlet/download/188-544838-5548548-150193/plumbing_system.pngPlumbing Aerial Site photo:http://maps.google.com/maps?ie=UTF-8&tab=wlGeologic map: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/earth/new.htmlTopographic map:http://www.drexel.edu/depts/pdc/pages/topographic.aspPrecipitation map:http://www.worldbook.com/wb/Students?content_spotlight/climates/north_american_climate_pennsylvania

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions and guidance this term:

Professor DaSaro

Professor Mitchell

Dr. Martin

Mr. Warren Waldorf

Questions

At this time we would like field any questions or concerns from the audience.