Greek Timeline 776 BC - First Olympic Games 500-300 -Golden Age of Greece Great advances in Science,...
39
Ancient Greece
Greek Timeline 776 BC - First Olympic Games 500-300 -Golden Age of Greece Great advances in Science, Mathematics, Philosophy, Architecture 480 BC – Battle
Greek Timeline 776 BC - First Olympic Games 500-300 -Golden Age
of Greece Great advances in Science, Mathematics, Philosophy,
Architecture 480 BC Battle of Thermopyale 431-404 Peloponnesian War
(Athens vs Sparta) 338 BC - Philip II of Macedon takes control of
Athens 336 BC Alexander the Great takes control and conquers great
new territories for Greece 146 BC Rome conquers Greece and
Slide 3
Greece under Alexander the Great
Slide 4
Geography of Greece Mountainous/Rocky land made farming and
travel difficult Barley, olives and grapes are main crops, Goats
were main animals Olive oil was most prized export. Sailed the seas
for trading (wheat, iron ore, timber) Trading between islands and
throughout Mediterranean with the Phoenicians The soil was not very
fertile along the coastline. The ancient Greeks used systems of
irrigation and crop rotation to help solve that problem.
Slide 5
Climate of Athens Write a short fact about the climate of
Athens
Slide 6
Ancient Greece Vocabulary City-State: A central city and
surrounding villages that follow the same laws, government,
language, religious beliefs and ways of life (Specific to Greece)
Examples: Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Megara, Argos Empire: Large
group of people & states ruled by an Emperor Roman Empire,
Ottoman Empire, Civilization : Name for a group of people who have
a place to gather, a language
Slide 7
Types of Government Oligarchy: Form of Government where power
is held by a few (Sparta) Direct Democracy: Form of government
where everyone votes on every issue (Athens). Why is this good? Why
is this also difficult Representative Democracy: Voters choose
elected officials to make decisions for them (USA)
Slide 8
Athens Academic capital of Greece based on education Largest
City-State, present day capital Citizens could vote and be in
government Direct Democracy people would vote on every issue Only
Athenian born free males over the age of 18 could vote (Slaves,
Women, Foreigners couldnt vote) Strong Navy Girls stayed home to do
domestic duties. They were told to see little, hear little, and ask
no more questions than was absolutely necessary. Boys studied
reading & writing, practiced boxing and wrestling.
Slide 9
Slide 10
Sparta Ruled by two Kings Monarchy : Ruled by a King Oligarchy:
Ruled by a few Great Military Power Boys went to military training
at age 7 Girls trained to be strong mothers in order to have strong
children Enemies with Athens (Peloponnesian war)
Slide 11
Slide 12
Shared Culture of Athens & Sparta Both Were Independent
states (City States) Both Speak Greek and use the Greek Alphabet
Participated in ancient Olympics Worshiped the same gods and
goddesses Both are enemies with the Persian Empire
Slide 13
Other City States Corinth Corinth was a monarchy. The people
were ruled by a king. To solve the problem of foreign money pouring
into their polis, the government of Corinth created its own
coinage. They forced traders to exchange their coins for Corinth's
coinage at the bank of Corinth, for a fee of course. Argos Many
scholars credit Argos with the invention of coinage in ancient
Greece, an invention that made trade much easier. Megara They were
famous for their glorious textiles, which were the envy of other
Greek city-states, did a great deal of trading. Also founded the
city of Byzantium, (Constantinople/Istanbul) in 630 BCE
Slide 14
Greek Democracy Democracy means the rule of the people (in
Greek). The earliest democracy in the world began in Athens, in 510
BC But Who Gets to Vote? Athenians developed the idea of
Citizenship Greek leaders decided that only men who owned large
plots of land were citizens. Women, slaves, foreigners and people
with little or no property were not given the rights and
responsibilities of Athenian citizenship. While the Ancient Greeks
restricted democratic rights to a small portion of the population,
the idea of democracy was born.
Slide 15
Philosophy Ancient Greece gave the world Philosophy Study of
why the world is the way it is = WHY Socrates, Plato, Aristotle All
three of these lived in Athens for most of their lives, and they
knew each other. One of the reasons that Athens was the Academic
Capital
Slide 16
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Socrates came first, and Plato was
his student, around 400 BC. Socrates was killed in 399 BC, and
Plato began his work by writing down what Socrates had taught, and
then continued by writing down his own ideas and opening a school.
Aristotle was more interested in Science than Socrates or Plato,
maybe because his father was a doctor. He wanted to use Socrates'
logical methods to figure out how the real world worked; therefore
Aristotle is really the father of today's scientific method.
Slide 17
Socrates Felt an urge to think about the world around him, and
try to answer some difficult questions. "What is wisdom?", What is
beauty?, "What is the right thing to do? Socrates soon had a group
of young men who listened to him and learned from him how to think.
Plato was one of these young men. Questioned the Government, and
thought the smartest people should make the decisions for everyone.
Father of Philosophy Put to death for outspoken views
Slide 18
Plato Taught by Socrates and learned how to think and what to
question Upset when Socrates was killed, and began writing down
Socrates ideas Everything we know about Socrates comes from Plato
Began forming his own ideas about the world, government Tried to
think about better forms of Government for Athens Platos Republic
Thought most people were stupid Only the best should vote and make
Decisions
Slide 19
Aristotle Another Greek Philosopher & teacher Tried to
learn about everything possible Walking encyclopedia Studied at
Platos academy Teacher of Alexander the Great It is doubtful
whether any human being has ever known as much as he did"
Slide 20
Major Achievements Art Created great statues and pottery
Architecture Competition to see which City-State had the greatest
temples Culture (Poetry and Plays) Created outstanding literature,
poetry and mythology. Homers Iliad and the Odyssey Greeks famous
for plays that were Comedies or Tragedies
Slide 21
Slide 22
Slide 23
Slide 24
Slide 25
Slide 26
Slide 27
Major Achievements Math, Science and Technology Greeks
understood world was round Had advanced Astronomy Archimedes Gold
Crown Story Greeks were very skilled at math Invented rules of
Geometry Pythagorean Theorem Thought medicine & science was
important Hippocrates known as the Father of Medicine
Slide 28
Major Achievements Political Life & Ideas Developed Worlds
First Democracy Created Citizenship Different ways to Govern people
Military Strategy Great stories of war from Ancient Greece Trojan
Horse 300 Spartans at Thermoplye
Slide 29
Trading in Ancient Greece Being on the water helped Ancient
Greece becoming an important trading partner Use of coins increased
trade Exports: pottery, bronze, silver and gold vessels, olive oil,
wine, and textiles Imports Timber, animal skins, luxury items and
exotic raw materials Influenced other cultures across the
Mediterranean
Slide 30
Slide 31
Slide 32
Military Power of Greece Each City-State had their own army
Wars were common, always fighting over borders Sometimes City
States would join leagues as allies There are four main wars (How
do we know?) Trojan War (about 1250 BC, but might be made up)
Persian Wars (490-480 BC) Peloponnesian War (441-404 BC) Campaigns
of Alexander the Great (331-323 BC).
Slide 33
State Authority Taxes Commonly collected on sales of houses,
slaves, herds and flocks, and other goods. Sometimes city-states
would tax the very rich usually in times of war. Slavery Cleaned
and cooked, worked in the fields, factories, shops, in the mines,
& on ships, even as police. They could not go to school, or
enter politics, or use their own name. They were the property of
their owner, not citizens. Some were captured in battle, some were
the children of slaves and some children were sold into slavery by
poor families.
Slide 34
Laws in Ancient Greece Each City-State had their own laws Most
were written laws Sparta was the exception Athens had juries for
their courts Famous lawyers made people think about the purpose of
laws Draco Harsh punishments, thought to deter crime Solon More
sensible laws, punishment fits crime
Slide 35
Religion in Ancient Greece Ancient Greeks practiced Greek
Mythology Polytheistic Religion (Poly Many, Theos-God) Greek 12
main Gods lived on Mount Olympus Zeus was the Supreme God
Slide 36
Greeks had their own language and alphabet The Greek Alphabet
Used since 8000 BCE Similar to what we have today Important Because
Helped develop written record Allowed for communication Writers,
poets, stories & plays Helped advance society
Slide 37
Modern Greece Population: 11 Million Capital: Athens Language:
Greek Member of the European Union Trouble with Debt (spending more
than they collect in taxes Trouble with extremist political
parties
Slide 38
Historical Understanding Political: Had a variety of
governments Sparta: Oligarchy, Athens: Democracy Economic: Being
near other big civilizations helped trade. Also had their own
currency to help trade with others. Water/boats were very
important. Religion Believed in Greek Mythology Gods &
Goddesses who controlled the world
Slide 39
Historical Understanding Science/Technology: Great at Math
(Pythagoras) and Astronomy Written Language Used the Greek Alphabet
and had a spoken language Education Stronger in some city-states
(Athens) than others Philosophy was important as was literature
& drama Family Life Different for each City State (Athens vs
Sparta)