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Greek and Roman Mythology. A Review of The Principal Gods and Goddesses. In the beginning. …was Chaos (shapeless nothingness) Chaos had two children: Night (darkness) Erebus (death) “All was black, empty, silent, endless.” Mysteriously, Love was born of darkness and death. And then. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Greek and Roman Greek and Roman MythologyMythology
A ReviewA Reviewofof
The Principal Gods and The Principal Gods and GoddessesGoddesses
In the beginning...In the beginning... ……was Chaos (shapeless nothingness)was Chaos (shapeless nothingness) Chaos had two children:Chaos had two children:
– Night (darkness)Night (darkness)– Erebus (death)Erebus (death)
““All was black, empty, silent, All was black, empty, silent, endless.”endless.”
Mysteriously, Love was born of Mysteriously, Love was born of darkness and death.darkness and death.
And then...And then... When Love was born, order and When Love was born, order and
beauty began to flourish.beauty began to flourish. Love created Light and Day.Love created Light and Day. Earth was created.Earth was created.
– She was the solid ground, but also a She was the solid ground, but also a personality.personality.
The Earth bore Heaven to cover her The Earth bore Heaven to cover her and be a home for the gods.and be a home for the gods.
The First ParentsThe First Parents Mother Earth = Gaea (Gaia)Mother Earth = Gaea (Gaia) Father Heaven = Ouranos (Uranus)Father Heaven = Ouranos (Uranus) They had three kinds of children:They had three kinds of children:
– Three monsters with 100 hands and Three monsters with 100 hands and 50 heads50 heads
– Three CyclopesThree Cyclopes– The TitansThe Titans
The Titans (The Elder The Titans (The Elder Gods)Gods)
There were many of them.There were many of them. Enormous size, incredible strengthEnormous size, incredible strength Cronos (Saturn): Ruler of the TitansCronos (Saturn): Ruler of the Titans Rhea (Ops): Wife of CronosRhea (Ops): Wife of Cronos Oceanus: River that encircled the Oceanus: River that encircled the
worldworld Iapetus: Father of Prometheus,Iapetus: Father of Prometheus,
Epimetheus, and Atlas (also Titans)Epimetheus, and Atlas (also Titans)
The OlympiansThe Olympians Cronos and Rhea Cronos and Rhea
were parents of:were parents of:– Zeus (Jupiter, Jove)Zeus (Jupiter, Jove)– Poseidon Poseidon
(Neptune)(Neptune)– Hades (Pluto)Hades (Pluto)– Hera (Juno)Hera (Juno)– Hestia (Vesta)Hestia (Vesta)– Demeter (Ceres)Demeter (Ceres)
Other Olympians Other Olympians include:include:– Athena (Minerva)Athena (Minerva)– Ares (Mars)Ares (Mars)– Hephaestus (Vulcan)Hephaestus (Vulcan)– ApolloApollo– Artemis (Diana)Artemis (Diana)– Hermes (Mercury)Hermes (Mercury)– Aphrodite (Venus)Aphrodite (Venus)– Dionysus (Bacchus)Dionysus (Bacchus)– Persephone Persephone
(Proserpina)(Proserpina)
The OlympiansThe Olympians
ZeusZeus Roman Name: Roman Name:
Jupiter (also Jove)Jupiter (also Jove) King of the godsKing of the gods Fathered many Fathered many
characters in characters in mythologymythology
Overthrew his Overthrew his father Cronosfather Cronos
ZeusZeus
HeraHera Roman Name: Roman Name:
JunoJuno Zeus’s sister and Zeus’s sister and
wifewife Jealous protector Jealous protector
of marriageof marriage Punished the Punished the
women Zeus fell women Zeus fell in love within love with
PoseidonPoseidon Roman Name: Roman Name:
NeptuneNeptune God of the Seas God of the Seas
and Watersand Waters ““The The
Earthshaker”Earthshaker” Symbol = Symbol =
tridenttrident
HadesHades Roman Roman
Name: PlutoName: Pluto God of the God of the
Underworld/ Underworld/ DeadDead
Kidnapped Kidnapped PersephonePersephone
HestiaHestia Roman Roman
Name: VestaName: Vesta Goddess of Goddess of
Home & Home & HearthHearth
Powerful Powerful ProtectorProtector
DemeterDemeter Roman Roman
Name: Name: CeresCeres
Goddess of Goddess of the Harvestthe Harvest
Caused the Caused the change of change of seasonsseasons
AthenaAthena Roman Roman
Name: Name: MinervaMinerva
Goddess of Goddess of Wisdom and Wisdom and WarWar
Sprang from Sprang from Zeus’s headZeus’s head
AresAres Roman Name: Roman Name:
MarsMars God of WarGod of War Son of Zeus Son of Zeus
and Heraand Hera Bloodthirsty Bloodthirsty
and mercilessand merciless
HephaestuHephaestuss
Roman Name: Roman Name: VulcanVulcan
Blacksmith to Blacksmith to the godsthe gods
Son of Zeus Son of Zeus and Heraand Hera
Married to Married to AphroditeAphrodite
ApolloApollo Roman Roman
Name: ApolloName: Apollo God of God of
Light/Sun Light/Sun and Musicand Music
Twin brother Twin brother of Artemisof Artemis
ArtemisArtemis Roman Roman
Name: Name: DianaDiana
Goddess of Goddess of the Moon/ the Moon/ HuntHunt
Twin sister Twin sister to Apolloto Apollo
HermesHermes Roman Name: Roman Name:
MercuryMercury Messenger of Messenger of
the Godsthe Gods Appears in Appears in
more myths more myths than any other than any other charactercharacter
AphroditeAphrodite Roman Roman
Name: VenusName: Venus Goddess of Goddess of
Love and Love and BeautyBeauty
Sprang from Sprang from the ocean the ocean foamfoam
DionysusDionysus Roman Name: Roman Name:
BacchusBacchus God of Wine & God of Wine &
Theater Theater Cupbearer to Cupbearer to
the godsthe gods Taught man how Taught man how
to grow grapes & to grow grapes & make winemake wine
PersephonPersephonee
Roman Name: Roman Name: ProserpinaProserpina
Goddess of the Goddess of the UnderworldUnderworld
Daughter of Daughter of Zeus and Zeus and DemeterDemeter
Abducted by Abducted by HadesHades
ErosEros Roman Name: Roman Name:
CupidCupid Young God of Young God of
LoveLove Son of Son of
Aphrodite and Aphrodite and HephaestusHephaestus
IrisIris Roman Name: Roman Name:
IsisIsis Goddess of Goddess of
the Rainbowthe Rainbow Servant to Servant to
HeraHera Messenger Messenger
goddessgoddess
The MusesThe Muses Nine daughters of Nine daughters of
Zeus and Zeus and MnemosyneMnemosyne
Inspired artists of Inspired artists of all kindsall kinds
Goddesses who Goddesses who presided over the presided over the arts and sciencesarts and sciences
““He is happy whom He is happy whom the muses love.”the muses love.”
Clio, Urania, Thalia, Melpomene, Erato, Calliope, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Polyhymnia
The GracesThe Graces Three Goddesses of Three Goddesses of
Grace and BeautyGrace and Beauty ““They give life its They give life its
bloom.”bloom.” Aglaia (Splendor)Aglaia (Splendor) Euphrosyne (Mirth)Euphrosyne (Mirth) Thalia (Good Cheer)Thalia (Good Cheer)
The Erinnyes (The Furies)The Erinnyes (The Furies) Roman Name: Furiae Roman Name: Furiae
or Dirae (The Furies)or Dirae (The Furies) Three Goddesses of Three Goddesses of
VengeanceVengeance– TisiphoneTisiphone– AlectoAlecto– MegaeraMegaera
They punish They punish evildoers.evildoers.
The FatesThe Fates Roman Name: Parcae, MoiraeRoman Name: Parcae, Moirae Three sistersThree sisters
– Clotho (“The Spinner”)Clotho (“The Spinner”)– Lachesis (“The disposer of lots”)Lachesis (“The disposer of lots”)– Atropos (“The cutter”)Atropos (“The cutter”)
They weave, measure, and cut the They weave, measure, and cut the thread of life for humans.thread of life for humans.
The SatyrsThe Satyrs Gods of the woods and Gods of the woods and
mountainsmountains ““Shepherd gods”Shepherd gods” Goat men (like Pan)Goat men (like Pan) Companions of Companions of
DionysusDionysus They like to drink, They like to drink,
dance, and chase dance, and chase nymphs.nymphs.
The GorgonsThe Gorgons Three snake-Three snake-
haired haired monstersmonsters
Medusa is most Medusa is most well-knownwell-known
Their look turns Their look turns men to stone.men to stone.
The The CentaursCentaurs Half man, half Half man, half
horsehorse Savage Savage
creatures creatures (except (except Chiron)Chiron)
Followers of Followers of DionysusDionysus