Greece

Vocabulary• Tyrant-a person who takes power by force & rules

with total authority “harsh oppressive ruler”

• Colony-Settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland

• Aristotle-Plato’s student “golden mean” do nothing in excess

• Socrates-Invented Socratic method, asked questions to force students to use their reasoning

• Plato-Socrates student, did not feel democracy is how you should run government, philosophers should run gov’t

Vocab cont. . .•Parthenon-temple built to celebrate

their goddess Athena in Athens

•Polis-Greek word meaning city-state

•City-State - Town/city & surrounding countryside, independent area

•Democracy - all citizens share in running government (Athens)

•Oligarchy- Few people hold power (Sparta)

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•gods and goddesses

Culture

•Mythology-Greeks believed that Gods/Goddesses controlled nature and they lived on Mt. Olympus (highest mountain in Greece).

The main God was Zeus-ruled the sky

•Poetry FablesHomer-(700 BC) wrote epics-ILLiad, about the Trojan Horse-OdysseyAesop (slave) wrote fables-Tortoise & Hare “slow and steady wins the race”-Wolf in sheep’s clothing “appearances are often deceiving

Culture cont. . .•Drama

comedy-ends happy Tragedy-end unhappily

•Arts/Architecturemade murals and columns(3 types-leave space)

no picture-leave space

Philosophers-love of wisdom; studied history, political science, science. & math

• 1.) Pythagoras-universe followed same laws that govern music & numbers

• 2.) Sophists-there is no right or wrong use knowledge to improve yourself

• 3.) Socrates-invented socratic method (teacher asks a question to force the student to use their reasoning-still used today)

• 4.) Plato-Socrates student, he did not feel democracy is how you should run government, philosophers should run gov’t

• 5.) Aristotle-Plato’s student “GOLDEN MEAN” do nothing in excess

1st Civilizations in GreeceGreece was divided into

independent polis’s because of mountains and seas

Minoan2000 b.c.worshipped earth mother, used sun and stars to navigate sea

Mycenae1900 b.c.built city on hill,at top waspalace, on side of hill was estates, farms belong to nobles, had slave farmers-Government kept track of everything (wealth and made them pay taxes with honey and livestock)

700 BC Boom in population, so many people they moved out to form colonies, people became specialists

SpartaOligarchy-few people rule (2 kinds and 28 citizens)*Boys at age 7 had to go into training. treatedbadly to make them tough*Age 20-60 joined Military“You Win or you Die”I would rather be carried back on my sword then lose thefight”

Focused on army andnot trade

Athens

Age 18 boys finished school & became citizens

Direct Democracy-gathered in mass meetings to handle government matters. 6000 people attended every 10 days

choose 500 members by lottery to be in council

Persian Empire

Cyrus the great-Darius-Xerxes (persian kings)when they conquered they were very nice, believed in 1 god would triumph evil

BATTLE OF MARATHON-Athens had 10000 men and persian had 20000 men. Persians waited for Athens to attack, they figured that they were not coming so they loaded their ships to go to another side (sent strongest on ship first -men on horses), once the strongest were on board Athens attacked , Athens won. A messenger ran back to Athens -26 miles-and collapsed, his final words were “VICTORY”

Alexander The GreatConquered Persian empire and spread Greek culture throughout southwest AsiaHE was Brave, reckless warrior. He rode into battle ahead of his men. *He built the great trade city Alexandria.*He conquers Persia in 334 B.C.

Phillip II400 B.C. King of Macedonia, was from Greece but lived in Macedonia. He admired Greeks but he still conquered each city-state either by force or persuasion. Once he conquered all of Greece he went to attack Persia. Phillip II was murdered but his son Alexander took over (he was 20 years old and he died at 32)