SS8H8b

Explain economic factors that resulted in the Great Depression.

Standards

The Great Depression• Economies go through highs and lows. Extreme lows

are called “depressions”. During a depression, unemployment is high and people have little money to spend. Businesses fail.

The Great Depression• Causes-

o Too much credit- During the 1920’s (the Roaring Twenties), people borrowed and spent a lot of money. They believed the economy was getting better and better and they could pay the money back.

o Soaring Stock Market- people put a lot of money into the stock market driving prices up, up, up. In the stock market, you buy small pieces (shares) of companies.

The Great Depression• What happened-

o On October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), the value of the shares dropped unexpectedly. Investors panicked, selling shares at low prices to avoid losing everything.

o When people lost their money, they couldn’t pay back their loans. Many banks failed.

o Without money flowing from banks, businesses failed and people lost their jobs.

o People stopped trusting the banks.o Banks had even less money to lend.

http://finance.yahoo.com/portfolio/pf_19/view/v1

The Great Depression

• Resultso Economic development plunged.o Millions lost their jobs, homes, and life’s savings.o Unemployment soared.o It lasted for more than 10 years—until WWII.

The Great Depression

• Most rural Georgians were not badly impacted by the Depression because they were already desperately poor.

• Georgia was already in a depression from the devastation caused by the drought and boll weevil.

The Great Depression• Impact-

o The entire country suffered.o In Georgia, unemployment was high, people could

not pay for necessities or buy houses, businesses failed, and cotton prices dropped.

The Great Depressiono President Franklin Delano Roosevelt became

president in 1933, at the deepest part of the Depression. He would die in office 12 years later after seeing the Depression end and the close of WWII.

Standards

SS8H8c

Discuss the impact of the political career of Eugene Talmadge.

Eugene Talmadge• Began his political career as Georgia Commissioner of

Agriculture—a friend to white rural farmers.• He served as Georgia’s governor for 3 terms, beginning

in 1932.• He was a white supremacist and supported states’

rights.• He fired and replaced anyone who opposed him.

Eugene Talmadge• He opposed the New Deal programs that were trying to

get the country out of the Great Depression.• He got in trouble over the “Cocking Affair”. Walter

Cocking was a dean at UGA who Talmadge accused of wanting racial integration. He got Cocking fired and this damaged UGA’s reputation.

• He was elected for a 4th term, mainly because he supported blocking blacks from voting in primaries. He died before he could start his 4th term.

SS8H8d

Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps,

Agricultural Adjustment Act, rural electrification, and Social Security.

Standards

New Deal• A series of government programs started to ease the

pain of the Great Depression and help the economy get strong again.o Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)- provided jobs

to single, young, unemployed men. Jobs included building trails, planting trees, building parks, and conserving soil. They were paid with food, housing, and money.

o Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)- Job was to increase the price of crops by decreasing production. Also, tried to get farmers to rotate crops to protect the soil.

New Dealo Rural Electrification Act (1936)- On trips to

Georgia, Roosevelt realized rural areas did not have electricity. It was too expensive to put in the power lines. This act loaned money to states and power companies to put lines in. Georgia became a national leader in rural electrification.

New Dealo Social Security Act(1935)- gave some protection

to people who were retired, unemployed, or disabled.

MOST AMERICANS ARE STILL INVOLVED IN SOCIAL SECURITY- EITHER BY PAYING IN OR RECEIVING BENEFITS.

StandardsSS8H9a

Describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in WW II; include Lend-

Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

SS8H9c

Explain the impact of the Holocaust on Georgia.

1920’s-1930’s in the World• Germany harbored anger over the loss of WW I and the

devastation of its economy. They joined with Italy and Japan, who both wanted to claim their neighbor’s lands. They were called the Axis Powers.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syI_B8a5IV4&NR=1&feature=endscreen

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=jesse+owens+1936+olympics&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=05BC1E4093B24474408F05BC1E4093B24474408F

1920’s-1930’s in the World• Germany blamed Jews for their pain. Adolf Hitler and his

Nazi party won elections in Germany. They began a program of arresting and exterminating Jews (the Holocaust).

• Georgia had experienced some racism against Jews (remember Leo Frank), but there were also many charities that raised money to help Jews in Europe.

1920’s-1930’s in the World• Germany and Italy took over most of the European

Continent and turned its sites on the UK (led by Churchill) and Soviet Union (led by Stalin).

Lend-Lease• The US did not want to get involved in another

European War. Roosevelt wanted to help but not send troops.

• Lend-Lease Act (1941)- allowed Roosevelt to send supplies to the Allies (the UK and the Soviet Union), but not be directly involved.

Pearl Harbor• On December 7th, 1941, Japanese planes attacked US

naval ships stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in an unprovoked attack. Many ships were destroyed or heavily damaged and 2402 Americans were killed.

• Roosevelt called it “a day that will live in infamy.”• The US joined the Allies and declared war on the Axis

Powers. WWII had begun.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt13c3olXkU

SS8H9b

Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards,

Richard Russell and Carl Vinson.

Standards

Bell Aircraft• The company assembled B-29 bombers for the US Air

Force during WWII.

• The plant was in Marietta and was the largest in the South.

• The plant site is where Lockheed is now located.

Military Bases in Georgia

• As in WWI, the military bases in Georgia played a key role in training US soldiers for the armed forces.

Savannah and Brunswick

Shipyards

• Ports built 187 “Liberty Ships” for use in the war effort.• These ships were newly devised war ships.• Thousands of workers were employed to build the

ships, lifting Georgia’s economy.

Richard Russell

• A Senator from Georgia during WWII• Part of the Senate Naval Affairs Committee• He helped bring over a dozen military bases to Georgia.

Carl Vinson• Congressman from Georgia• He helped improve the United States’ military

preparedness by passing bills to improve the quantity and quality of the armed forces.

USS Carl Vinson

SS8H9c

Explain the impact of the Holocaust on Georgians

Standards

The Holocaust had an impact on the state. Many Holocaust survivors moved to Georgia

after the war. Their stories about the horrible events in

Europe touched the lives of many Georgians. The Holocaust also made some Georgians rethink their treatment of minorities in the

state.

The Holocaust and Georgia

SS8H9d

Discuss the ties to Georgia that President Roosevelt had and his impact on the state.

Standards

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

• Was unable to walk due to polio that he caught as a young man.

• Often visited Warm Springs, Georgia, to ease his pain by sitting in the warm water.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

• Lived in cottage while he was here that he named the “Little White House.”

• Became sentimentally attached to Georgia.• Helped get the Bell Aircraft Plant built in Marietta.• Died at Warm Springs on April 12, 1945, less than 3

weeks before Hitler’s suicide and the fall of Germany.