Gravitational lensing: surveys and studies with new

instruments

Science: structure and evolution of galaxies

What is the overallprofile slope, andhow did it get that way?

How much blobby CDMstuff is there here?

What is the central profile, and whyis what goes on in the middle so importantfor the structure of the rest of the galaxy?

Image 3”=~20kpc

Mostly DMout here

mostlybaryonsin here

Science: structure and evolution of galaxies

What is the overallprofile slope, andhow did it get that way?

How much blobby CDMstuff is there here?

What is the central profile, and whyis what goes on in the middle so importantfor the structure of the rest of the galaxy?

Image 3”=~20kpc

SLACS (Bolton+,Koopmans+) - isothermalconspiracy – hard to simulate over wide z range

Flux anomalies in CLASS radioquads (Mao&Schneider, Dalal&Kochanek – picture confused, some seen, notunderstood)

One central image seen ingalaxy-only lens (Winn+)

Science: structure and evolution of galaxies

What is the overallprofile slope, andhow did it get that way?

How much blobby CDMstuff is there here?

What is the central profile, and whyis what goes on in the middle so importantfor the structure of the rest of the galaxy?

Image 3”=~20kpc

SLACS (Bolton+,Koopmans+) - isothermalconspiracy – hard to simulate over wide z range

Flux anomalies in CLASS radioquads (Mao&Schneider, Dalal&Kochanek – picture confused, some seen, notunderstood)

One central image seen ingalaxy-only lens (Winn+)

Need more statistics (>80)particularly at high redshift Need more statistics (>7)

especially lenses with long-fluxes

Need morestatistics (>1)

Science: structure and evolution of galaxies

What is the overallprofile slope, andhow did it get that way?

How much blobby CDMstuff is there here?

What is the central profile, and whyis what goes on in the middle so importantfor the structure of the rest of the galaxy?

Image 3”=~20kpc

SLACS (Bolton+,Koopmans+) - isothermalconspiracy – hard to simulate over wide z range

Flux anomalies in CLASS radioquads (Mao&Schneider, Dalal&Kochanek – picture confused, some seen, notunderstood)

One central image seen ingalaxy-only lens (Winn+)

Need more statistics (>80)particularly at high redshift Need more statistics (>7)

especially lenses with long-fluxes

Need morestatistics (>1)

More lenses of all types (LSST,Pan-STARRS,JDEM,SKA.....) Substructure-friendly lenses

e-MERLIN, LSST,SKA....

e-MERLIN onexisting lenses

Science: structure and evolution of galaxies

What is the overallprofile slope, andhow did it get that way?

How much blobby CDMstuff is there here?

What is the central profile, and whyis what goes on in the middle so importantfor the structure of the rest of the galaxy?

Image 3”=~20kpc

SLACS (Bolton+,Koopmans+) - isothermalconspiracy – hard to simulate over wide z range

Flux anomalies in CLASS radioquads (Mao&Schneider, Dalal&Kochanek – picture confused, some seen, notunderstood)

One central image seen ingalaxy-only lens (Winn+)

Need more statistics (>80)particularly at high redshift Need more statistics (>7)

especially lenses with long-fluxes

Need morestatistics (>1)

More lenses of all types (LSST,Pan-STARRS,JDEM,SKA.....) Substructure-friendly lenses

e-MERLIN, LSST,SKA....

e-MERLIN onexisting lenses

This talk, section 1Section 2

Also: given cosmological model, z/separation statistics giveparameters for galaxy evolution models

Discovery of new lenses:

short-term: efficient use of existing surveys (SL2S, COSMOS,UKIDSS/MUSCLES....)

long-term: big new instruments (e.g. LSST, JDEM, SKA...)

Faure et al.2008 Jackson 2008

Cabanac et al. 2008

SQLS (SDSS quasar lens survey)

Major optical quasar survey to date: SQLS (Sloan quasars)

Inadaet al. 2005

Inadaet al.2004

Inada et al. 2008

~25 lenses

CLASS survey separation histogram

SDSSseeing

UKIDSS seeing

Muscles survey selection

77000 Sloan quasars (to DR5)UKIDSS to date -> 10000inspect visually for extensions (not necessarily the same colour)150 candidates

Detects all (6) known quasar lenses!

MUSCLES-1 and 2

Combination SDSS+UKIDSS(Jackson, Ofek & Oguri 2008)

Jackson, Ofek & Oguri 2009

MUSCLES-1 and 2

Combination SDSS+UKIDSS(Jackson, Ofek & Oguri 2008)

Jackson, Ofek & Oguri 2009

Studies of the central <100pc: core images

PMN1632-0033:Winn, Rusin & Kochanek 2003, 2004

Attempts to detect in galaxy-only

lenses have been unsuccessful due

to limited sensitivity....

Recent HSA (VLA+GB+VLBA+Arecibo) observations of CLASS B1030+074 (Zhang et al. 2007)

Other scales: 2. The central 10pc

Recent HSA (VLA+GB+VLBA+Arecibo) observations of CLASS B1030+074 (Zhang et al. 2007)

(Lack of) central image constrainsthe steepness of the central partof the potential.

Steeper central profile or large BHgives weaker central image

Interesting constraints await e-Merlin

existing sensitivitylevels

e-Merlin

Currently: 1 radio lens/30; for standard BH and cuspparameters, should detect many more! -> determinethese parameters

Summary

need larger samples of both - quasar-galaxy lenses - galaxy-galaxy lenses

to contribute to studies of - central potentials – BHs, cusps... - substructure via flux anomalies or direct mapping - mass profiles – how do they get like that? - statistics – parametrised galaxy evolution

Short term: use existing surveys to maximum (UKIDSS, COSMOS,SDSS,SL2S) -> dozens of lensesMedium term: studies of existing lenses (e-MERLIN,EVLA...), new surveys (PanSTARRS) -> hundreds of lensesLong term: LSST, JDEM, SKA.... -> thousands of lenses, ultimate statistics, galaxy evolution...