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Title: Grave Stele of Hegeso
Medium: Marble
Size: height 5'2" (1.58 m)
Date: c. 410–400 BCE
Carved in low relief
Steles banned from 600-420BCE
Women's role was respected in the Family
Simple
Individual styles
Quiet moment unlike the Ancient Near East
Public cemetery
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404BCE Spartans defeat Athens
403BCE Athens rebels kills Spartan leaders to restore
democracy
Athens does not regain empire dominence, but art thrives
Plato opens school outside of Athens with student Aristotle
Aristotle teaches then Alexander the Great one of his
students
Greeks undertook innovative Projects in Architecture
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Title: Plan of Miletos, Ionia (Present-Day
Turkey), with Original Coastline.
Urban development changed to a orthogonal
plan- or mathematical grid system
Perfection through reason
3 zones
-sacred
-public
-private
Limits- 10,000 citizens
3 classes
-artisans
-farmers
-soldiers
All Greek cities were being rebuild in this
model…however
In rougher terrain some street become stairs
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Title: Tholos
Date: c. 380–370 BCE
Source/Museum: Sanctuary
of Athena Pronaia, Delphi
Tholos- circular plan
Usually shrines or
monuments
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Title: Plan and Section of the Tholos
Columns on outside
Inner wall columns on inside
Originally dedicated to the worship of an Earth Goddess, the
shrine was eventually occupied by Olympian deities, Athena in
particular. A guardian of wisdom and spiritual consciousness,
Athena continued the ancient veneration of the feminine principle
and brought devotion to the Earth Mother into the Classical Age of
Greece. The Tholos temple, built in the early 4th century BC, has
an unusual circular shape. This shape and the leaf-adorned capitals
of its Corinthian columns are representations of the sacred forest
groves of the old Earth Goddess religion.
Outside Doric inside Corinthian Columns attached
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Another of the 7 Ancient Wonders of the World was the Mausoleum
of Halicarnassus.
It was a massive tomb, built in the city of Halicarnassus, in
Asia Minor.
377 B.C. He left control of his kingdom to his son, Mausolus.,
his queen, Artemisia, controlled most of southwest Asia Minor.
He died in 353BCE, Wife Drank him… The result was huge and
unlike anything ever seen
before. Stone lions guarded the stairway up to the tomb. The
building itself was 140 feet high. The bottom third was solid
marble. The middle third contained Greek columns. The top third was
a pyramid.
On the very top was a large stone sculpture showing Mausolus and
Artemisia standing side by side in a chariot. The whole thing took
many years to build.
A series of earthquakes during the Middle Ages shattered, then
looted the tomb
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Artist: Skopas (?)
Title: Panel from the Amazon Frieze, south side of the mausoleum
at Halikarnassos
Medium: Marble
Size: height 35" (89 cm)
Date: Mid-4th century BCE
Source/Museum: The British Museum, London
Ionic Freize
Herakles and Theseus, and the subsequent fierce battle with the
Amazon women an axe once owned by the Amazon queen, Hippolyte, was
housed at Labraunda
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Artist: Praxiteles or his followers
Title: Hermes and The Infant Dionysos
Medium: Marble, with remnants of red paint on the lips and
hair
Size: height 7'1" (2.15 m)
Date: Probably a Hellenistic or Roman copy after a Late
Classical 4th-century BCE original
Equilibrium between simple and ornate
Changed the Canon…males 8 heads tall not 7 or 6.5
Light hearted moments, dreamy like expressions, no more all
powerful god sculptures
Teasing baby with a bunch of grapes
Compare to Pepy II
Figure off balance need to lean on a post
Contrast???
Interactions
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Artist: Praxiteles
Title: Aphrodite of Knidos
Medium: Marble
Size: height 6'8" (2.04 m)
Date: Composite of two similar Roman copies after the
original marble of c. 350 BCE
NEW IDEA!!!!
Frankenstein- restored from many copies and restoration
This type of restoration would rarely be done today
Preparing to take a bath, arm emphasizes her nakedness
Well-toned, thick body shows and athletic strength
Semi-seductive pose
Places in Shrine to Aphrodite, 100’s of copies- made 50
survive today
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Artist: Lysippos
Title: The Scraper
Medium: Marble
Size: height 6‘9”
Date: Composite of two similar Roman copies
after the original marble of c. 330 BCE
S Curve
Claimed to be entirely self-taught
Tousled hair and dreamy look makes it seem
like he wasn’t paying attention
Breaks into the surrounding space.
Elongated legs
Wider pose
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Artist: Lysippos
Title: Alexander The Great
Medium: Marble fragment
Size: height 16 ⅛" (41 cm)
Date: Head from a Hellenistic copy (c.
200 BCE) of a statue, possibly after a 4th-
century BCE original.
Copy of Lysippos
Figure idealized to represent and convey
messages
What message are you getting?
Could the artist influence the message?
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Title: Alexander the
Great, Four-Drachma
Coin Issued by
Lysimachos of Thrace
Medium: Silver
Size: diameter 1⅛" (30
mm)
Date: 306–281 BCE
Source/Museum: The
British Museum, London
What’s he wearing?
How does this relate to
head we just saw?
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Title: Alexander The Great Confronts Darius Iii At The Battle of
Issos
Medium: Floor mosaic
Size: Entire panel 8'10" X 17" (2.7 X 5.2 m)
Date: 1st-century CE Roman copy of a Greek wall painting of c.
310 BCE
Violent Action and dynamic scene
Modeling done with a play on light, highlights and shadows
What is going on?
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Artist: Gnosis
Title: Stag Hunt
Medium: Detail of mosaic floor
Size: height 10'2" (3.1 m)
Date: 300 BCE
Features framed hunting scenes
Made from Natural Pebbles
Oversized life like figures and animals
Dog’s Legs are?
Balance?
Space?
Nature?
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Title: A Vase Painter and Assistants Crowned By Athena and
Victories
Medium: Composite photograph of the red-figure decoration on a
hydria from Athens
Date: c. 450 BCE
Women in the Arts, what is going on in this vase painting, what
are the 2 interpretation?
Who are the winged ladies?
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Title: Earrings
Medium: Hollow-cast gold
Size: height 2 ⅜" (6 cm)
Date: c. 330–300 BCE
Tiny works of sculpture
Often placed on the ears of
marble statues
Women being held by an
eagle(who)
Lost wax casting
Attributes of Hellenistic
Period
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323 BCE Alexander the Great Dies, General Turned on each other
for power
Artists turned away from the Heroic and focused on the
everyday
Dramatic poses and subjects emotion becomes more pronounced
Even Architecture show high DRAMA
30BCE Cleopatra kills herself and it marks the end of the
Period
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Title: Plan of the theater at Epidauros
Proscenium- raised platform for the orchestra
55 rows of seats in 2 tiers- 12,000 spectators!
Theater was not just entertainment
Expression through Music,
poetry and Dance
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Title: Theater, Epidauros
Date: 4th century BCE and later
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Title: Temple of the Olympian Zeus, Athens; Acropolis in
Distance
Size: Height of columns 55"5" (16.89 m)
Date: Building and rebuilding phases: foundation c. 520–510 BCE
using the Doric order; temple
designed by Cossutius, begun 175 BCE, left unfinished 164 BCE,
completed 132 CE using
Cossutius’s design and the Corinthian order
Corinthian Order
Capital becomes more high
decorative(floral), and a
skinnier column
Astragal- Floral details and
shoot out
Dentils- Lines of blocks on
the entablature
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Doric Ionic Corinthian
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Title: Gallic Chieftain Killing His Wife and Himself
Medium: Marble
Size: height 6'11" (2.1 m)
Date: Roman copy after the original bronze of c. 220 BCE
2 Hellenistic Styles Emerge
1. Anti-Classical (Pergamene Style)- experimented with
space and designs
2. Classical Influenced- complimented 4th century sculptures
Pergamene Style-
Started during the defeat of the Gallic people or Gauls
Identified as barbarians, how?
EXPRESSIONISM-Artist is trying to arouse emotion from
the audience
Still supports wife while killing himself
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Artist: Epigonos (?)
Title: Dying Gallic Trumpeter (front)
Medium: Marble
Size: height, 36½" (93 cm)
Date: Roman copy after the original bronze of c. 220
BCE
Dying man, struggles to get up by arm is bowing
Down gaze suggest death is coming
Originally interlocked with 2 others
including chieftain and wife.
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Artist: Epigonos (?)
Title: Dying Gallic Trumpeter (front)
Medium: Marble
Size: height, 36½" (93 cm)
Date: Roman copy after the original bronze of c. 220 BCE
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Title: Reconstructed west front of the altar from Pergamon,
Turkey
Medium: Marble
Size: Height of figure 7'7" (2.3 m)
Date: c. 175–150 BCE
Frieze Represents the war between gods and giants which become a
metaphor for
victory over Gauls
7.5 high Frieze- Gods fighting hybrids and human looking
giants
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Title: Athena Attacking the Giants
Medium: Marble
Size: frieze height 7'7" (2.3 m)
Date: c. 175–150 BCE
Athena grabs the head of a male winged figure, son
of earth goddess Ge
Nike aids Athena while Ge pleads for sons life
Break
boundaries
Interactions
between space
and form a
benchmark of
Hellenistic
Period
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The Trojan priest Laocoön was strangled by sea snakes, sent by
the gods who favored the Greeks, while he was sacrificing at the
altar of Neptune. Because Laocoön had tried to warn the Trojan
citizens of the danger of bringing in the wooden horse, he incurred
the wrath of the gods.
Meant to be seen from the front, unlike the defeated gauls
Anguished expressions
Dynamic movements
Artisits: Hagesandros, Polydoros, and
Athanadoros of Rhodes
Title: Lacoon and his sons
Medium: Marble
Size: frieze height 7'7" (2.3 m)
Date: c. 175–150 BCE
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Title: Nike (Victory) of Samothrace
Medium: Marble
Size: height 8'1" (2.45 m)
Date: c. 180 BCE (?)
Stood on a stone ship high on the hillside above
the city with fountain
Forward body balanced by ?
Contrast how?
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Title: Veiled and Masked Dancer
Medium: Bronze
Size: height 8 ⅛" (20.7 cm)
Date: Late 3rd or 2nd century BCE
Only 8 inches tall
Geaceful movements
Intimate size and design
Patron collection, made of bronze,
expensive, less expensive was terra
cotta
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Title: Old Woman
Medium: Marble
Size: height 49½" (1.25 m)
Date: Roman copy, 1st century CE
Realism- recreating the world as you see it
Hellenistic art began depicting ordinary
people from all walks of life
3 chickens and a basket of vegetables
Dazed expression
Textures and space interactions
Thought to be Dionysus follower on the way
to make an offering
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Artist: n/a
Title: Aphrodite of Melos (Also Called Venus de Milo)
Medium: Marble
Size: height 6'8" (2.04 m)
Date: c. 150–100 BCE
The Classical Alternative- return to the classical
Reminders of which classical sculpture?
Twisting stance, strong protruding knee
Erotic Tension
Could be holding an apple or the shield of ares the war god
