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GRAPES OF United Kingdom
GEOGRAPHY OF UK
• Regions of the UK
• England
• Scotland
• Northern Ireland
• Wales
GEOGRAPHY OF THE UK• The 10 tallest mountains in UK are in
Scotland
• River Thames is the major River in London
• Lochness is the largest lake based on water volume
• Atlantic Ocean, English Channel, North Sea, and Irish Sea form “borders.”
• Most of UK (except northern portions) have a “temperate” type of climate because of the Atlantic Gulf Stream (cold/cool winters & Hot/Warm Summers)
RELIGION IN UK• Richard I (The Lionheart)
• 12th century King who famously agreed to go on 3rd Crusade
• Famous for his battles with Islamic Leader Saladin
• Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups.
• The 1st Crusade was called for by Pope Urban II in 1095 and ended in 1099 with the establish of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
• Horrible Histories: The Crusades
• https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2wpzz0
Crusades 1096AD until 1204AD
RELIGION IN UK
• Most of UK belongs to the Church of England (The Queen is the head of the Church)
• Result of Henry VIII battle with Church
• Northern Ireland is know as a Protestant / Catholic divide (Ireland is Catholic and Northern Ireland is Church of England)
• the conflict in this region has been fairly ongoing since Reformation (through since 1997 has seen peace with Dayton Treaty)
Westminster Abbey
RELIGION IN UK• Most famous Religion “Event” in England was Henry the VIII
(Henry Tudor) & his battle with Catholic Church
• Henry VIII was “Defender of the Faith” (Catholic), but wanted a male heir.
• Tried to get divorce from wife Catherine, but not allowed by Pope.
• To bypass Pope, Henry created the Church OF England versus the old and Catholic Church IN England
• A major difference is that Henry (i.e. King was the head of the church instead of the Pope)
• Made England Protestant nation
• This battle is during/part of the Reformation that Martin Luther Started (16th Century—-i.e. 1500s)
• His Children would fight this battle over religion:
• Edward VI: Protetant (Son of Jane Seymour)
• “Bloody” Mary: Catholic (Catherine’s daughter)
• Elizabeth I (Protestant) (Daughter of Anne Boleyn)
HENRY VIII
ACHIEVEMENTS • British Empire 1497 - 1997
• Began during the “Age of Exploration” (1497) when John Cabot landed in Newfoundland Canada sailing for English.
• French & Indian (or 7 Years War)
• Scramble for Africa during 19th century
• Control of India
• American Revolution
• Lost Colony (Outer Banks)
• Jamestown (1607)-first successful American Colony
• 1997 Hong Kong returned to China
British Empire at its Height 1921 “The Sun Never Set on the
British Empire”
ACHIEVEMENTS • Elizabeth I’s reign (Henry VIII’s daughter) is
often referred to as the “Golden Age” of English history
• Spanish Armanda defeated 1588AD
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBBcuF9YJK0
• Shakespeare—often considered the greatest writer in the English language
• created over 10,000 words
• Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, MacBeth, Othello, Richard III, etc.
• Many things today are STILL influenced by Shakespeare (The Lion King being a major example)
ACHIEVEMENTS • Industrial Revolution arose in the British
Empire from roughly 1760-1840.
• going from hand products to machine products (factory system)
• Advances in chemical and iron manufacturing
• Effects:
• would begin push for more labor laws (work hours, age requirements etc.)
• movement to cities for jobs
• Horrible Histories: industrial revolution
• https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2m0xbq
Key terms associated with periodFYI: the latter period is the beginnings of the “Victorian Age” named after the
then Queen
POLITICAL SYSTEM • 1066 AD established England with William the Conquer
after the Battle of Hastings
• The Bayeux Tapestry reflects the battle of Hastings
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtGoBZ4D4_E
• Magna Carta:
• 1215 AD document that established that King was bound to same “common” laws as subjects
• I.e.—King John could not go around just doing everything / anything that he wanted
• Elizabeth I’s death brought Scottish King James I to English throne (i.e. the United Kingdoms)
• FYI: Wales under English since 1300s (roughly) & Edward I
• James I’s son Charles I would be overthrown by Oliver Cromwell (and beheaded) setting in place the current Constitutional Monarchy that would be firmly established with William & Mary
Charles I’s Head
POLITICAL SYSTEM• Constitution Monarchy
- System of government in which a monarch (see monarchy) shares power with a constitutionally organized government
•From Glorious Revolution until today •Opening of Parliament •https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9o65Ap7nC8w
ECONOMICS • Based on GDP British Economy is the 5th largest in world
• GDP (or Gross Domestic Product) is the final amount of all goods and services produced in a given year.
• IS CURRENTLY PART OF EU (does NOT use Euro), and is scheduled to leave EU in 2019 as part of Brexit
• Major Resources include: • Coal, • petroleum, • natural gas - found in the British sector of the North Sea • zinc • tin, • limestone, • iron ore, • salt, • slate • clay, • chalk, • gypsum, • lead, • silica, • arable land
The Top 6 Economies Based on GDP
ECONOMICS • London is arguably the most influential city on earth. (Capital
of England & UK)
• The most visit international city on earth
• Most busy city airport
• numerous financial centers HQ’ed there
• Major trade being on the Thames
• major tourism
• 4 World Heritage Sites within the city
• Top Gear Race across London:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkOzNK4l8KY
• Other Capitals & industrial centers within UK:
• Belfast (Northern Ireland)
• Edinburgh (Scotland)
• Cardiff (Wales)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BXKsQ2nbno
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
• Life expectancy in UK is 81
• Literacy Rate in UK is 99%
• Home to Oxford & Cambridge Universities
• A Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford is possibly the most precocious academic award
Cambridge
Oxford
