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GRANDORDER UNGULATAORDERS: Condylarthra extinct ancestral Mesonychia ungulates
Perissodactyla “odd-toed” ungulates
Artiodactyla “even-toed” ungulates
Litopterna Notoungulata Pyrotheria extinct South American Xenungulata ungulates Astrapotheria Tubulidentata - aardvark Proboscidea – elephants “subungulate” Hyracoidea – hyraxes orders Sirenia – manatees/dugongs
Cetacea whales
ODONTOCETES MYSTICETES
SIZE mostly small (<5 m) large males > females in size females > males
VOCALIZATION high-frequency sounds low-frequency (some) echolocation communication & communication
DIET vertebrates filter-feeding
MOVEMENTS mainly local migratory Physeter migratory
SOCIAL STRUCTURE variable in both groups, including harem polygyny, small female kin groups, seasonal migratory groups.