Answer Key

PREN~~llWRITERS SOLUTION

RUBY

IIPRENTICE HALL - Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

Needham, Massachusetts

Copyright © 1998 by Prentice-Hall, Inc., a Viacom Company, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro­duced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

ISBN 0-13-434764-1

2345678910 0100

PRENTICE HALL Simon & Schuster Education Group It. v I It. C 0",," co",," P It. II Y

Answers

@] PagesS-6

Exercise A: Recognizing Nouns. 1. dismay, escalator, floors 2. Sally, encyclopedia, technol­ogy 3. Amy, cooperation, classmates 4. Ted, origin, words 5. Halifax, capital, Nova Scotia 6. surgeon, improvement, health 7. postage, decade 8. Mr. Reid, decision, issue 9. storm, coast, valley to. Jane, jack-o'-lantern, party, Saturday

Exercise B: Identifying Concrete and Ab­stract Nouns. 1. concrete 2. abstract 3. concrete 4. concrete 5. abstract 6. concrete 7. concrete 8. concrete 9. abs­tract to. concrete 11. abstract 12. abstract 13. concrete 14. concrete 15. abstract 16. concrete 17. abstract 18. concrete 19. abstract 20. concrete

Exercise A: Recognizing Pronouns and Ante­cedents. 1. his, Todd 2. you, Phil 3. their, divers 4. his, Jeff 5. his, Beethoven 6. she, Pam 7. you, Maggie 8. I, Pat 9. he, con­gressman to. its, car

Exercise B: Adding Indefinite Pronouns to Sentences. Indefinite pronouns may vary; sam­ples are given. 1. Everyone 2. Some, manu­script 3. many, Dodgers 4. all, ingredients 5. everything

~ Pages7-9

Exercise A: Identifying Action and Unldng Verbs. 1. action 2. linking 3. action 4. action 5. action 6. linking 7. action 8. action 9. linking 10. linking

Exercise B: Using Unking Verbs. Linking verbs may vary; samples are given. 1. smell 2. felt 3. appears 4. sounds 5. looks 6. is 7. tastes 8. feels 9. became 10. grew

Exercise A: Identifying Transitive and In­transitive Verbs. 1. transitive 2. intransitive 3. transitive 4. transitive 5. intransitive 6. transitive 7. transitive 8. intransitive 9. transitive to. intransitive

Exercise B: Writing Sentences with Transi­tive and Intransitive Verbs. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. newspaper 2. up the hill 3. at 9:30 A.M. 4. swordfish 5. package 6. on the horizon 7. at the joke 8. dishes 9. visitors 10. loudly

Exercise A: Identifying Verb Phrases. 1. should have been 2. has been notified 3. can expect 4. has blocked 5. have been defined 6. should have given 7. must have taken 8. Will remind 9. did intend to. Can have forgotten

Exercise B: Using Verb Phrases. Verb phrases may vary; samples are given. 1. Did get 2. have accepted 3. could have taken 4. Did visit 5. have heard 6. would like 7. will be planning 8. is rated 9. Do use 10. could have beaten

~ Pages 10-11

Exercise A: Recognizing Compound Adjec­tives and Proper Adjectives. 1. meat-packing 2. Canadian 3. whole-hearted 4. underground 5. Hawaiian 6. headlong 7. French 8. cross­country 9. Algerian to. Shakespearean

Exercise B: Adding Pronouns Used as AdJec­tives. Some answers may vary; samples are given. 1. Many 2. that 3. Which 4. Whose 5. her 6. these 7. their 8. Both 9. your 10. Neither

Exercise A: Recognizing Adverbs and the Words They Modify. 1. extremely, adjective 2. really, verb 3. tomorrow, verb 4. there, verb 5. probably, verb 6. more, adverb; rap­idly, verb 7. exceedingly, adjective 8. hardly, verb 9. unusually, adjective 10. rather, adverb; rapidly, verb

Exercise B: Adding Adverbs to Sentences. Adverb may vary; samples are given. 1. proudly 2. early 3. severely 4. very 5. completely 6. truly 7. not 8. very 9. there 10. almost

~ Pages 12-14

Exercise A: Identifying Prepositions. 1. at 2. among 3. for 4. with 5. In, for 6. under, of 7. Before, across 8. "About, into 9. from 10. To, between

Exercise B: Identifying Prepositional Phrases. 1. by the end, of the tournament 2. near the podium, from Texas 3. At the sta­tion, into her old boyfriend 4. under the red barn 5. abouLcomputers, in our math class 6. with us, at the party, in Ohio 7. across the battlefield 8. by a mole, on his right shoulder 9. through the corridor 10. On balance, at the competition

3

Exercise A: Identifying Conjunctions. 1. but, coordinating 2. both ... and, correlative 3. since, subordinating 4. Either ... or, correla­tive 5. When, subordinating 6. and, coor­dinating 7. not only ... but also, correlative 8. because, subordinating 9. neither ... nor, correlative 10. while, subordinating

Exercise B: Using Subordinating Conjunc­tions in Complex Sentences. Subordinate clauses may vary; samples are given. 1. I tried my best 2. you want to do well on the test 3. you learn to drive 4. he gets the chance 5. I remember the incident

Exercise A: Identifying Interjections. 1. Oh 2. Psst 3. Hurray 4. Gracious 5. Alas 6. tsk 7. Whew 8. Ouch 9. Goodness 10. Hey

Exercise B: Writing Sentences with Interjec­tions. Sentences may vary; samples are given. 1. I didn't hear you come in 2. that food was terrible 3. The dog has left prints this time 4. at least we tried our best 5. that was a close call 6. We won the game 7. I did not slay the dragon 8. what time is it 9. that was a home run 10. I hurt my finger

~ Page15

Exercise A: Identifying Parts of Speech. 1. verb 2. noun 3. noun 4. adjective 5. preposition 6. conjunction 7. adjective 8. verb 9. verb 10. noun

Exercise B: Finding Parallel Parts of Speech. 1. verb, adjective 2. noun, adjective 3. adverb 4. noun, verb, adjective 5. adjective

@] Pages 16-18

Exercise A: Recognizing Complete Subjects and Predicates. 1. Ellen ... friends, visited ... Art 2. You, will ... texts 3. Rounding ... we, saw ... tree 4. Everyone, must ... exami­nations 5. The ... play, was ... surprising 6. The ... peak, was ... closed 7. The ... bat­ter, lofted ... wall 8. We, explored ... Scotia 9. Piles ... rake, sat ... yard 10. Gore Vidal, has ... novels

ExerCise B: Writing Complete Subjects and Predicates. Subjects and predicates may vary; samples are given. 1. were all very strange 2. Juan and Pat 3. is two miles away 4. Tom and Jane 5. is here 6. My brown scarf 7. are in my pocket 8. Strawberry shortcake ' 9. is a sore throat 10. Some experiences

Exercise A: Distinguishing Between Sen­tences and Fragments. 1. F 2. F 3. S 4. F 5. F 6. S 7. F 8. F 9. S 10. F

Exercise B: Changing Fragments into Sen­tences. Sentences may vary; samples are given. 1. Bill told his story. 2. Jim is the name of the boy in the hall. 3. I told my mother at breakfast. 4. May I please have another slice of toast? 5. I can move the piano with their help. 6. Barbara finished her report. 7. The picnic is being held near the stream. 8. The locomotive is broken. 9. The anchor sank to the bottom. to. Their first attempt was successful.

Exercise A: Recognizing Simple Subjects and Predicates. 1. uncle, embarked 2. Beethoven, completed 3. price, is 4. island, was granted 5. rain, falls 6. stories, were published 7. Evelyn, tried 8. man, waited 9. excuses, have been offered 10. fog, resulted

Exercise B: Using Simple Subjects and Pred­icates to Write Sentences. Sentences may vary; samples are given. 1. The pilot/flew over the mountain. 2. The car/screeched to a halt. 3. A light/flickered in the window. 4. My friend/whis­pered a secret. 5. Mother/phoned us every day. 6. The computer/is new. 7. The article/ discussed the merger. 8. Laura's car brakes/ jammed. 9. My teacher/announced a quiz. 8. The riverlflows south.

[E] Page 19-20

Exercise A: Identifying the Four Functions of Sentences. 1. (!) exclamatory 2. (.) declara­tive 3. (?) interrogative 4. (.) imperative 5. (?) interrogative 6. (.) declarative 7. (!) ex­clamatory 8. (.) imperative 9. (?) interrogative 10. (.) declarative

Exercise B: Writing Original Sentences. Sen­tences will vary.

Exercise A: Finding Hard-to-Flnd Subjects. 1. men, are 2. grandparents, Have arrived 3. canoe, was 4. notebook, can be 5. books, are 6. monster, lurked 7. answers, were 8. inspector, Will ask 9. library, is to. first, goes

Exercise B: Changing Sentences to Normal Word Order. 1. They have opened their pres­ents. (They, have opened) 2. A farmhouse is at the end of the road. (farmhouse, is) 3. A bag of flour is on the shelf. (bag, is) 4. The train will

4

leave without us. (train, will leave) 5. The med­ical dictionary is here. (dictionary, is) 6. He skied down the hill. (He, skied) 7. You have seen what. (You, have seen) 8. Your sister is here. (sister, is) 9. He walked onto the train. (He, walked) 10. She flew out of the country. (She, flew)

@] Pages 21-24

Exercise A: Identifying Direct Objects. 1. her 2. dictionary, paper 3. stereo 4. business 5. book 6. notes 7. Father 8. case 9. carrots, potatoes, peas 10. him, her

Exercise B: Supplying Direct Objects. Direct objects may vary; samples are given. 1. sweater 2. pen, pencil, ruler 3. me 4. us 5. stereo 6. Paul, Susan 7. song 8. milk 9. Bob 10. job

Exercise A: Finding Indirect Objects. 1. Marie, Betty, tickets 2. them, injury 3. her, sweater 4. chorus, song 5. girls, presents 6. them, news 7. Bob, David, gifts 8. boys, sandwiches 9. friend, letter 10. me, plans

Exercise B: Supplying Indirect Objects. Indi­rect opjects may vary; samples are given. 1. Lois 2. George 3. me 4. Barbara 5. Steve 6. you 7. Phil 8. Mom, Dad 9. you 10. Anne

Exercise A: Recognizing Objective Comple­ments. 1. representative, noun 2. green, ad­jective 3. fragile, adjective 4. unusual, adjec­tive 5. stubborn, adjective 6. dull, adjective 7. void, adjective 8. unreasonable, adjective 9. treasurer, noun 10. president, noun

Exercise B: Writing Sentences with Objective Complements. Objective complements may vary; samples are given. 1. over 2. yellow 3. speechless 4. president 5. boring 6. chairperson 7. record 8. fragile 9. Jill 10. coach

Exercise A: Recognizing Predicate Nomina­tives and Predicate Adjectives. 1. representative (PN) 2. threatening (PA) 3. captain (PN) 4. polyglot (PA) 5. secretary (PN) 6. susceptible (PA) 7. basketball (PN) 8. almanac (PN) 9. tired (PA) 10. sad (PA)

Exercise B: Writing Sentences with Predicate Nominatives or Predicate Adjectives. Subject complements may vary; samples are given. 1. pretty 2. president 3. Friday 4. upset 5. actor 6. new 7. Albany 8. colorful 9. summer 10. dirty

~ Page25-26

Exercise A: Recognizing the Parts of Basic Sentence Patterns. 1. Billy bought cookies 2. Ottawa is capital 3. Mrs. WIllIams gave them instructions 4. I order steak rare 5. merons seem soft 6. 1de=s=crI5ed trip 7. 1offered Beth notes 8. 1am secretary 9. father consIders politician dangerous 10. 1felt insecure

Exercise B: Recognizing Basic Sentence Pat­terns. 1. S-AV-DO 2. S-LV-PN 3. S-AV-IO­DO 4. S-AV-DO-OC 5. S-LV-PA 6. S-AV-DO 7. S-AV-IO-DO 8. S-LV-PN 9. S-AV-DO-OC 10. S-LV-PA

Exercise A: Identifying Inverted Sentence Patterns. 1. Is Frank coming HV-S-V 2. moved cuttefV-S 3. Did Marcia win match HV-S-y-COMP 4. raced boat V-S 5. IS friend V-S 6. movie did you see COMP-HV-S:V-­7. time we hadlX)MP-W 8. books have you read COMP-RV-S-V 9. Was Aram happy V-S­Lm;1P 10. wonderful was Q.@y COMP-V-S

Exercise B: Writing Inverted Sentences. Sen­tences will vary.

~ Pages 27-29

Exercise A: Diagraming Subjects and Verbs, Adjectives and Adverbs.

I.

2.

Exercise B: More Work with Diagrams.

1. balloon floated

\~

5

2.

Exercise A: Diagraming Sentences with ConJunctions. 1.

book

1 dictionary

2. laughs

3. deer

4. sings

Wendy

dances

Exercise B: More Work with Conjunctions. 1.

car

were stolen

boat

2. Republicans debated

Democrats argued

3.

homework

4. Joe

are moving

Frank

Rachel

Exercise A: Diagraming Sentences with Complements.

1.

You I can paint silo \ red

2. is beautiful

3.

Exercise B: More Work with Complements.

1. Is

2. Mom

Aunt Elvira

6

~ Pages 30-31

Exercise A: Identifying Adjective and Adverb Phrases. 1. In the morning, moved, adverb 2. for the party, early, adverb 3. in the attic room, adjective 4. on the boardwalk stroll~d adverb 5. in Atlantic City, hotels, adj~ctive ' 6. With a quick wave, signaled, adverb 7. with a raspy voice, man, adjective 8. after the game, hungry, adverb 9. At the station, waited, adverb 10. with the yellow bow, box, adjective

Exercise B: Writing Sentences with Adjective and Adve.rb Phrases. Phrases may vary; sam­ples are gIven. 1. in the pond, adjective 2. for Chicago, adverb 3. According to John, adverb 4. above the desk, adjective 5. with the stereo on, adverb

Exercise A: Identifying Appositives and Ap­positive Phrases. 1. a traveling salesman, un­cle 2. the Plymouth, car 3. an afternoon newspaper, Newsday 4. a painting by Picasso, Gourmet 5. Richard, brother 6. aircraft with whirling rotor blades, helicopters 7. my football coach, Archie Lee 8. open shoes with two straps, slippers 9. a face consumed with heart­break, face 10. a novel by Edith Wharton, Ethan Frome

Exercise B: Writing Sentences with Apposi­tives and Appositive Phrases. Answers may vary within reason; samples are given. 1. I love Boston cream pie, a cake made with chocolate and custard. 2. Her favorite meal, roast chicken, will be served today. 3. Trenton, the capital of New Jersey, is a rapidly changing city. 4. India, the scene of many of Kipling's stories, is a land of contrasts. 5. Most people have never played polo, a very expensive game.

~ Pages 32-34

Exercise A: Identifying Present and Past Par­ticiples. 1. whining, child, present 2. broken, vase, past 3. Laughing, she, present 4. damaged, engine, past 5. Dismayed, he, past 6. Swollen, river, past 7. soothing, lotion, pres­ent 8. distinguished, statesman, past 9. beginning, player, present 10. Swimming, I,

, present

Exercise B: Identifying Participial Phrases. 1. Groping in the dark, Beth 2. broken in spirit, general 3. Chosen by the committee, Alice 4. Painting slowly, he 5. arriving at seven, prin­cipal 6. Abandoned by its owner, puppy 7. reached in her dressing room, actress

8: Rinsi~g the vegetables, he 9. torn by indeci­SIon, wnter 10. Traveling to Italy, she

Exercise A: Identifying Gerunds and Gerund Ph.rases. 1. S~i!ing, subject 2. growing old, object of preposItIon 3. dancing in bare feet di­rect object. 4. giggling incessantly, appositiv~ 5. Developmg a new system, subject? breakdancing, indirect object 7; jogging, ob­Ject of preposition 8. singing with a new band direct obj~ct 9. Dri~ing on that road, subject ' 10. speakmg too rapIdly, predicate nominative

Exercise B: Writing Sentences with Gerunds and Geru.nd Phrases. Sentences will vary; sam­ples are gIVen. 1. Running fast makes me feel hea~thy. 2. I enjoy reading. 3. Before telling stones, Grandpa puts on his slippers. 4. Dad's favorite hobby is cooking. 5. Numismatics col­lecting coins, is a very popular pursuit. ' 6. Swimming is my favorite sport. 7. Mother tried designing clothes. 8. Bill completed the project without getting help. 9. Speaking loudly IS frowned upon here. 10. My brother likes playing baseball.

Exercise A: Identifying Infinitives and Infini­tive Phrases. 1. To drive well, noun 2. to go, adverb 3. to get to the museum, adjective 4. to follow, adverb 5. to catch his train adverb 6. to rest a bit, noun 7. to jog, noun 8.' to fly to Los Angeles yesterday, noun 9. to speak, noun 10. to follow these directions, adverb

Exercise B: Writing Sentences with Infini­tives and Infinitive Phrases. Sentences will vary; samples are given. 1. To read three books is our next assignment. 2. This is not easy to do. ~. Jim wants to walk. 4. The language to learn IS German. 5. We had no choice except to go. 6. Jill wants to eat lunch. 7. To work takes energy. 8. In this room it is easy to freeze. 9. Basketball is an exciting sport to watch. 10. In some jobs a person needs to react quickly.

~ Pages 35-37

Exercise A: Identifying Adjective Clauses. 1. that you mentioned, book 2. who should be ashamed, they 3. which we visited, capital 4. that she prefers, style 5. whom you spoke to, man 6. which he wanted, map 7. that faces south, apartment 8. that she described, color 9. whose face was most familiar, governor 10. which they had spent so much for, chest

Exercise B: Identifying the Use of Relative Pronouns. 1. direct object 2. subject 3. direct object 4. direct object 5. object of a

7

preposition 6. direct object 7. subject 8. direct object 9. adjective 10. object of a preposition

Exercise A: Identifying Adverb Clauses. 1. whenever she hears from you, happy 2. Although I still visit this city often, prefer 3. whenever you like, To travel 4. than I ex­pected, faster 5. if they will wait an hour, will take 6. whenever the President speaks, to listen 7. as she spoke, crying 8. because you are the most skilled, first 9. if she doesn't exercise daily, upset 10. After she missed the appoint­ment, spoke

Exercise 8: Writing Sentences with Adverb Clauses. Clauses will vary; samples are given. 1. If I arrive early 2. after I went to bed 3. as they rose to their feet 4. until I saw the bill 5. Before he left 6. than we expected 7. whenever I can 8. Before you arrived 9. as soon as I vacuum 10. Even though you are new

Exercise A: Identifying Noun Clauses. 1. what I expected, object of a preposition 2. that the project be postponed, appositive 3. How this business manages to survive, subject 4. what they suggest, direct object 5. whoever called, indirect object 6. how they can go, di­rect object 7. what Mother needs, predicate nominative 8. Whatever price they ask, subject 9. that we build another mall, appositive 10. whatever time you say, object of a preposition

Exercise 8: Writing Sentences with Noun Clauses. Clauses will vary; samples are given. 1. how they plan to do it 2. what we had seen 3. whoever is here 4. Whomever you choose 5. that taxes be cut in half 6. if he is lying 7. what you need 8. How the accident hap­pened 9. which movie to see 10. how to build a treehouse

~ Page38

Exercise A: Identifying the Structure of Sen­tences. 1. (3) 2. (2) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5. (1) 6. (3) 7. (2) 8. (3) 9. (4) 10. (1)

Exercise 8: Writing Different Types of Sen­tences. Sentences will vary; samples are given. 1. As I walked up the stairs, I felt dizzy. 2. Jane loved the flowers; they made the room smell like spring. 3. What is your name? 4. I saw a movie that was not very good, but I enjoyed it anyway because my favorite actor was in it.

~ Pages 39-44

Exercise A: Diagraming Prepositional Phrases.

1.

full

2. breakfastShe

Exercise 8: More Diagraming.

1.

2.

Exercise A: Diagraming Sentences with Ap­positive Phrases.

1.

8

2. 2. confidence

~ ~...roVOd

he

Exercise B: More Diagraming.

1. took Exercise A: Diagraming Compound

Sentences.

1.

I I I I andL __,

2.

I I I I

Exercise A: Diagraming Verbal Pbrases. I sympathize

1.

moonlight 2.

2. I I

you must remain

home~ Exercise B: More Diagraming.

Exercise B: More Diagraming. 1. Sara will prepare fruit

I I I I L_'_,

I

know

i I1. I I . L_~,

I I I I

Bob will buy

g

2. has been repaired

so

I I I

you should be

Exercise A: Diagraming Complex Sentences.

1. Sue

Dayton

we her

2. will volunteer

know

Exercise B: More Diagraming.

1.

We

o :;ow> activities

2. We have

you may like

Exercise A: Diagraming Compound-Complex Sentences.

L we

It

Important

2. We

'JIJ/ 1 ~I I heri11 I and

she I left I L __, ----~.----~/- I f> worry

I I

we have begun

Exercise B: Diagraming Sentences of Vary­Ing Structures.

1. This Is \ road

", ",' ."".."".", _....

that ___--I~-~-----

Mount Vernon

2. reached I game

i$ IL__ but., :~I

I I I

got seat

10

__

3.

would appreciate It /'

~//

/you can / recommend

4.

I I

ILand, I I I lam

~ Pages 45-46

Exercise A: Distinguishing Between Frag­ments and Complete Sentences. 1. fragment 2. senfence 3. fragment 4. fragment 5. sentence 6. fragment 7. fragment 8. fragment 9. sentence 10. fragment

Exercise B: Changing Fragments into Com­plete Sentences. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. I found a letter in back of the book. 2. Feeling sad, she phoned her sister. 3. When she called, we were eating dinner. 4. They bought bread, milk, and soap. 5. I will accept the ride which you offered. 6. We will be de­lighted if you can come. 7. Walking in the park, we passed an old fountain. 8. The couple near us made a lot of noise. 9. It did not turn out as they expected. 10. They stopped along the road very close to the bridge.

Exercise A: Distinguishing Between Run-ons and Properly Punctuated Sentences. 1. RO 2. RO 3. S 4. RO 5. S 6. RO 7. RO 8. RO 9. RO 10. S

Exercise B: Changing Run-ons into Properly Punctuated Sentences. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. Is this your answer? I can't .. , 2. Here are three recipes. Tell me. .. 3. My cousin collects baseball cards, and I . .. 4. We saw the accident. Clearly,

nobody. .. 5. The President issued a short statement; his press ...

~ Pages 47-48

Exercise A: Recognizing Misplaced Modi­fiers. 1. that he recently purchased 2. with Dolby 3. with many color photos 4. Damaged in the accident 5. correct 6. growing restless in the hospital 7. with your luggage in it 8. in the silver frame 9. correct 10. driving from city to city

Exercise B: Correcting Misplaced Modifiers. Answers may vary; samples are given. 1. From the store we need. .. 2. The car leading the parade. .. 3. Bruce ordered a soda with choc­olate ice cream. .. 4. Shouting my name, my sisters ran . .. 5. John reminded me twice to remember ...

Exercise A: Recognizing DangUng Modifiers. Eating in the restaurant 2. Brought before the judge 3. correct 4. Performing before a real audience 5. Swimming in the pool 6. entering the development 7. correct 8. To bake a cake 9. Driving from the hotel 10. correct

Exercise B: More Work with Dangling Modi­fiers. 1. When he was a cadet at West Point 2. Running rather slowly 3. While practicing in the gym 4. Sinking rapidly 5. cruising along the country road 6. correct 7. Looking at the catalog 8. Sweeping up Lexington Avenue 9. Trampling through the snow 10. leaving the shower

@] Pages 49-50

Exercise A: Recognizing Parallel Structures. 1. boots, stockings, gloves 2. in the forest, in the dry areas 3. Growing up alone, learning to be independent 4. smiled, snarled, grimaced, whimpered 5. that one of the boys liked coun­try music, that the other liked hard rock 6. on the bus, at school, at work 7. wrapping pack­ages, tying ribbons 8. Twisting, turning 9. to wash his car, to repair the fender, to change the oil 10. Nancy, Betty, I

Exercise B: Completing Parallel Structures. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. uncomfortable 2. to see a movie 3. I 4. you told me the reason 5. deliver it confi­dently 6. waltz 7. clean up afterward 8. grinning 9. at the tunnel 10. a new parka

Exercise A: Recognizing Faulty Parallelism. 1. FP 2. FP 3. C 4. FP 5. FP 6. FP 7. C 8. FP 9. FP 10. C

11

Exercise B: Writing Sentences with Parallel Structures. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. The puppies climbed out of their box, tumbled onto the floor, and began to explore. 2. We know what they want but not why they want it. 3. The food was colorful, spicy, and de­licious. 4. In school and at home, he simply was not neat. 5. He is very good at hitting base­balls and throwing footballs.

~ Pages 51-52

Exercise A: Recognizing Faulty Coordina­tion. 1. faulty 2. faulty 3. correct 4. correct 5. faulty 6. faulty 7. correct 8. faulty 9. correct 10. correct

Exercise B: Using Coordination Correctly. Answers will vary.

Exercise A: Correcting Faulty Coordination. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. We vis­ited the Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico last summer. 2. Although the children were ready at noon, their parents arrived at three. 3. Although the stores were filled with shoppers, the parking lot was not full. 4. Jennifer liked her new school. She wrote a letter every week. 5. Albert Einstein, a brilliant scientist, left Germany before World War II.

Exercise B: More Work with Faulty Coordi­nation. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. She was a friendly person who liked to meet new people. She often took trips just to meet people. 2. When Keith sprained his ankle skiing, he was forced to spend the rest of the week in the lodge, where he played a lot of chess. 3. Because Wendy is a talented singer and guitar player, people like to hear her per­form. 4. Frank has been suspended for a week because he failed his math test and was late for school. 5. Irma was sunburned after a morning on the beach. It was quite painful, so she decided to spend the afternoon inside.

~ Page53

Exercise A: Identifying Formal and Informal English. 1. I 2. F 3. I 4. I 5. F

Exercise B: Identifying Dialect and Slang. 1. S 2. 0 3. S 4. S 5. 0

~ Pages 54-56

Exercise A: Recognizing Tenses and Forms of Verbs. 1. take, present basic 2. will be going, future progressive 3. ended, past basic

4. did wait, past emphatic 5. had been raining, past perfect progressive 6. have solved, present perfect basic 7. will be, future basic 8. does play, present emphatic 9. will return, future basic 10. is taking, present progressive

Exercise B: Identifying Principal Parts. 1. take, present 2. going, present participle 3. ended, past 4. wait, present 5. raining, present participle 6. solved, past participle 7. be, present 8. play, present 9. return, present 10. taking, present participle

Exercise A: Writing the Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs. 1. shrink, shrank, shrunk 2. knowing, knew, known 3. striking, struck, struck 4. go, going, gone 5. swim, swam, swum 6. pay, paying, paid 7. break, broke, broken 8. throwing, threw, thrown 9. drink, drinking, drank 10. ring, ringing, rung

Exercise B: Choosing the Correct Form of Irregular Verbs. 1. blown 2. cost 3. gone 4. swam 5. burst

Exercise A: Conjugating Basic and Progres­sive Forms. 1. I go, I went, I will go, I have gone, I had gone, I will have gone, I am going, J was going, I will be going. Correct other short conjugations against this and the .ones in the chart.

Exercise B: Supplying the Correct Verb Form. 1. has begun 2. will have been driving 3. did find 4. will be running 5. sprang

~ Pages 57-58

Exercise A: Identifying Tenses. 1. had hun 2. (will have played) 3.Ctd obey) 4. ave

een 5. travels 6. (will e f1Yin~) 7. were allin 8. (will be) 9.(had finis ed) 10. will e setting)

Exercise B: Identifying Uses of Verbs. 1. completed before another past event 2. future event before another future event 3. emphasized event 4. continuing to present 5. constant event 6. continuing future event 7. continuing past event 8. future event 9. completed before another past event 10. continuing future event

Exercise A: Using the Correct Tense. 1. as soon as I get there 2. that they will win on Fri­day 3. jogged or is trying 4. just as he drove up 5. that you failed or that you had failed

Exercise B: Using Modifters to Help Clarify Tense. Answers will vary; sample modifiers

12

and placements are given. 1. bus often comes 2. sleepy all day 3. had just left 4. During the Stone Age, human beings 5. will always take time

~ Page59

Exercise A: Using the Subjunctive Mood. 1. was/were 2. arelbe 3. am/be 4. was/were 5. is/be 6. see/see 7. was/were 8. remains! remain 9. was/were to. pays/pay

Exercise 8: Writing Sentences Using the Subjunctive Mood. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. I move that the motion be passed. 2. If I were rich, I would not leave. 3. Jane in­sists that you be on time. 4. The rules require that he forfeit his turn. 5. The law requires that he be jailed.

~ Pages 60-61

Exercise A: Distinguishing Between Active and Passive Voice. 1. passive 2. active 3. passive 4. active 5. passive 6. passive 7. passive 8. active 9. active .10. passive

Exercise B: Forming the Tenses of Passive Verbs. 1. we were disappointed 2. he had been injured 3. they were being consulted 4. I am reminded 5. it has been reported 6. she will be selected 7. it is being built 8. I am honored 9. you were invited 10. it will be published

Exercise A: Using the Active and Passive Voice. 1. weak 2. acceptable 3. acceptable 4. weak 5. acceptable 6. weak 7. weak 8. acceptable 9. acceptable to. weak

Exercise 8: Correcting Weak Passive Sen­tences. Answers may vary within reason; sam­ples are given. 1. The owner sold the car quickly. 4. The severe winter alarmed the early settlers. 6. The volcanic eruption destroyed sev­eral islands. 7. The director urged the play­wright to rewrite the last act. to. State troopers are stopping all cars on Route 9.

[!;!] Pages 62-64

Exercise A: Identifying Case. 1. objective 2. nominative 3. nominative 4. possessive 5. possessive 6. possessive 7. possessive 8. possessive 9. objective to. possessive

Exercise 8: Recognizing the Use of Nouns and Pronouns. 1. object of a preposition

2. subject 3. predicate nominative 4. to show ownership 5. to show ownership 6. to show ownership 7. to show ownership 8. to show ownership 9. direct object 10. to show ownership

Exercise A: Identifying Pronouns in the Nominative Case. 1. she, PN 2. they, PN 3. she, S 4. he, NA 5. she, S

Exercise 8: Identifying Pronouns in the· Objective Case. 1. us, DO 2. me,OP 3. him, SI 4. her, SI 5. her, 10 6. them, OP 7. her, DO 8. them, SI 9. her, SI to. me, 10

Exercise A: Using Pronouns in the POlsel­sive Case. 1. Her 2. It's 3. my 4. His 5. They're 6. Our 7. Its 8. My 9. mine to. our 11. his 12. theirs 13. his 14. its 15. my 16. hers 11. your 18. their 19. Our 20. they're

Exercise 8: Using All Three Cases of Pro­nouns. 1. I 2. His 3. her 4. its 5. me 6. yours 7. she 8. his 9. Their to. she

~ Page65

Exercise A: Using Who and Whom Correctly. 1. whoever 2. whom 3. whom 4. who 5. Whoever 6. whom 7. Who 8. Whom 9. who to. whom

Exercise B: Using Pronouns In Elliptical Claules. 1. me 2. she 3. us 4. I 5. she

~ Pages 66-68

Exercise A: Determining the Number of Words. 1. S 2. both 3. S 4. S 5. P 6. both 7. both 8. S 9. both to. both

Exercise B: Making Subjects and Verbs Agree. 1. have 2. has 3. is 4. has 5. have

Exercise A: Compound Subjects Joined by Or or Nor. 1. takes 2. has 3. is 4. accompanies 5. was 6. has 7. costs 8. makes 9. speak 10. comes

Exercise B: Compound Subjects Joined by And. 1. are 2. go 3. was 4. agree 5. close 6. are 7. is 8. are 9. has 10. enjoy

Exercise A: Deciding on the Number of Subjects. 1. P 2. S 3. S 4. S 5. S 6. S 7. S 8. S 9. S to. S

13

Exercise 8: Choosing Verbs to Agree with Difficult Subjects. 1. begins 2. are 3. are 4. go 5. begins 6. discuss 7. is 8. has 9. was 10. are

~ Pages 69-70

Exercise A: Choosing Personal Pronouns to Agree with Antecedents. 1. their 2. its 3. his 4. her 5. her 6. his 7. his 8. their 9. its 10. her

Exercise 8: Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement in Sentences. 1. he 2. it 3. her 4. their 5. his 6. his 7. their 8. your 9. her 10. his

Exercise A: Making Personal Pronouns Agree with Indefinite Pronouns. 1. them 2. it 3. their 4. her 5. her 6. their 7. it 8. his 9. their 10. them

Exercise 8: Using Reflexive Pronouns Correctly. 1. herself, she 2. yourself, you 3. myself, I 4. yourself, you 5. myself, me

~ Pages 71-72

Exercise A: Correcting Vague Reference Problems. Sentences will vary; samples are given. 1.. .. Having to stay home did not seem fair at all. 2.... All of these special elements confused me. 3.... Both actions startled me. 4.... a sound that I can't sound. 5.... but he didn't fool anyone.

Exercise 8: Solving More Problems with Pro­noun Reference. Sentences will vary; samples are given. 1. The Middle School has. .. 2. In table tennis, servers change with. .. 3. In Eng­land, a freight car is called. .. 4. correct 5. The paper says that ...

Exercise A: Recognizing Problems. of Pro­noun Reference. 1. FR 2. FR 3. FR 4. fire 5. FR

Exercise 8: Correcting Problems of Pronoun Reference. Sentences will vary; samples are given. 1.. .. we should tell Mitzie . .. 2.. .. the passages Michelle had just read. 3 .... Now the garden was weedy and overgrown. 5.... . his father wished him luck.

~ Pages 73-74

Exercise A: Recognizing Degrees of Compar­ison. 1. compo 2. pos. 3. sup. 4. sup.

5. compo 6. sup. 7. pos. 8. sup. 9. compo 10. pas.

Exercise 8: Comparing Adjectives and Ad­verbs. 1. more fanciful, most fanciful 2. calm, calmer 3. oddly, most oddly 4. coarser, coarsest 5. more angrily, most angrily

Exercise A: Fonning Irregular Comparative and Superlative Degrees. 1. better 2. farther 3. worse 4. least 5. last 6. further 7. best 8. worse 9. worst 10. more

Exercise 8: Using Adjectives and Adverbs to Make Comparisons. Sentences will vary; sam­ples are given. 1. This is the worst book I have ever read. 2. I played worse today than yester­day. 3. Jill likes carrots better than peas. 4. This is the most work I have ever done. 5. Jim looks better today than Friday. 6. Cindy's cold is worse today than it was yesterday. 7. Jim arrived at the party an hour later than Bill did. 8. Five miles is the farthest I have ever run. 9. Joe is the most conceited person I know. 10. Sarah spent the least amount of time studying for the test of anyone in her class.

~ Pages 75-77

Exercise A: Using the Comparative and Superlative Degrees Correctly. 1. least 2. oldest 3. more 4. coldest 5. more 6. most 7. more 8. fewest 9. fastest 10. most

Exercise 8: Using the Comparative and Su­perlative Degrees in Sentences. Sentences will vary; samples are given. 1. Tom is happier than Jane. Dad is the happiest member of the family. 2. Al is older than I am. Pat is the oldest person on the team. 3. Bert is taller than Fred. Len is the tallest person in my class. 4. We have never had more friendly neighbors than the Wellers. The Wellers are the most friendly neigh­bors we have ever had. 5. Bob arrived later than Paul. Tim arrived last.

Exercise A: Making 8alanced Comparisons. 1. Joe's artistic ability is greater than Andrew's. 2. Lana's SAT scores were higher than her twin sister's. 3. Today's temperature is higher than yesterday's. 4. The instructions for baking a cake are easier than those for petit fours. 5. Fran's lunch had fewer calories than Donna's.

Exercise 8: Using Other and Else in Compar­isons. 1. My sister handles pressure better

14

than any other member of our family. 2. Ted's workout schedule is more strenuous than any other player's on the team. 3. Julie worked harder than anyone else on the decorating com­mittee. 4. The park on Woodcut Lane is more beautiful than any other in town. 5. My new kit­ten is more playful than any other kitten.

Exercise A: Correcting Illogical Compari­sons. Sentences will vary; samples are given. 1. The accident was less serious than it might have been. 2. Now that he is in first grade, Pat draws better circles than he once did. 3. He threw the ball as straight as an arrow. 4. I have never seen a sicker-looking plant than that fern. 5. The challenger's position is farther from mine than the incumbent's.

Exercise B: Writing Clear Comparisons. Sentences will vary; samples are given. 1. Robert Redford is a more experienced actor than Tom Cruse. 2. Of strawberry shortcake, chocolate pudding, and chocolate chip cookies, strawberry shortcake is my favorite. 3. Social studies is easier for me than algebra. 4. Of ap­ples, bananas, and grapes, bananas have the most calories. 5. I enjoy working in the local supermarket more than working in a fast-food restaurant.

~ Pages 78-79

Exercise A: Recognizing Double Negatives. 1. C 2. DN 3. DN 4. C 5. DN 6. DN 7. C B. DN 9. DN 10. DN 11. DN 12. DN 13. C 14. DN 15. C 16. DN 17. DN lB. C 19. C 20. DN

Exercise B: Correcting Double Negatives. Corrections will vary; samples are given. 2. Mandy will never let anybody help her. 3. You will never find. .. 5.... we won't have any more classes 6. There was nobody home . .. B. You shouldn't have any more ...

Exercise A: Avoiding Problems with Nega­tives. 1. more than 2. anything 3. had 4. always 5. was 6. no 7. more than B. ever 9. any 10. anywhere

Exercise B: Using Understatement. Answers may vary within reason; samples are given. 1. The chore was not impossible, but difficult. 2. My parents weren't displeased wit~ m~ ~rades. 3. Mr. Dow's comments were not umnsplTlng. 4. The campaign speech was not unemotional in its appeal. 5. Though not beautiful, the child is not unappealing.

C!!TI Page 80

Exercise A: Avoiding Common Usage Prob­lems. 1. doesn't 2. immigrating 3. Besides 4. burst 5. take 6. enthusiastic 7. eager B. adapt 9. way 10. taught

Exercise B: Correcting Common U.age Prob­lem.. A few corrections may vary; samples are given for all. 1. accused/alleged 2. had ought! ought 3. principle/principal 4. due to the fact thatlbecause 5. real/really

[!!!] Pages 81-82

Exerci.e A: Using Capital. for First Word •. 1. The, When, I 2. Yes, What 3. Goodness, You, I 4. The, Why 5. She, She

Exercl.e B: Capitalizing Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives. 1. Wilson, Chrysler 2. Middle East, Carrolls, New Testament 3. Cairo, Egypt, England 4. Viking Maiden, Hills, Jamaica 5. Spanish, Amity High School

Exercise A: U.ing Capitals in Titles. 1. Corporal 2. Wall 3. Attorney General 4. Sr.. 5. Could Have Danced All Night, My Fair Lady 6. Mrs., General 7. Orient Express B. In Cold Blood, The New Yorker 9. Reverend, Genesis 10. R.N.

Exerci.e B: U.ing Capitals for Salutation. and Closings. 1. Dear Captain Vargo, 2. Your loving cousin, 3. With gratitude, 4. My dear friend,S. Very truly yours, 6. Dear Father Hartman, 7. Yours always, B. Dear Sir or Madam: 9. My dearest George, 10. With warmest wishes,

~ Pages 83-84

Exercise A: Using Abbreviation. for Title. of People, Time, Historical Dates, and Geo­graphical Terms. 1. 50 ml 2. Dec. 3. MA 4. Wed. 5. P.M. or p.m. 6. Mr. 7. Rd. B. M.D. 9. B.C. 10. yd.

Exercise B: More Work with Abbreviations. 1. Mich. 2. Thurs. 3. tsp. 4. Sec. 5. Blvd. 6. DE 7. Sen. B. Is. 9. Oct. 10. Hawaij

Exercise A: Recognizing the Meanings of Abbreviations. 1. page 2. that is 3. and the following (pages or lines) 4. Limited 5. hospital 6. established 7. government B. against 9. editor 10. volume 11. number 12. General Motors 13. Federal Deposit Insur­

15

ance Corporation 14. and others 15. discount 16. Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere 17. American Broadcasting Company 18. Young Women's Christian Association 19. weight 20. it does not follow

Exercise 8: Using Abbreviations. 1. mgr. 2. per an. 3. NFL 4. ital. 5. CIA 6. ALCOA 7. NBC 8. etc. 9. C.O.D. 10. Le.

~page85 Exercise A: Using End Marks for Sentences and Phrases. 1. (!) 2. (?) 3. (.) 4. (!) 5. (!) 6. (.) 7. (!) 8. (.) 9. (.) 10. (?)

Exercise 8: Using End Marks in Your Own Sentences. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. This recipe calls for 5 (?) cups of sugar. 2. Ouch! I cut my finger. 3. She asked where you were. 4. Get up!

~ Pages 86-88

Exercise A: Using Commas Correctly. 1. brisk, steady 2. tuition, so 3. soup, broiled fish, and 4. none 5. none 6. Linda, but 7. wreaths, pine branches, and 8. tough, over­cooked 9. none 10. office, and

Exercise 8: Recognizing Rules for Commas. 1. equal adjectives 2. compound sentence 3. series 4. adjectives in order 5. adjectives in order 6. compound sentence 7. series 8. equal adjectives 9. adjectives in order 10. compound sentence

Exercise A: Recognizing Introductory Mate­rial. 1. Actually, 2. Without a moment's hesitation, 3. Looking slightly confused, 4. Although they liked the idea, 5. Happily, 6. Before we started out, 7. When Jed asked me to help, 8. Bert, 9. To get good seats, 10. Of course,

Exercise B: Using Commas with Parentheti­cal and Nonessential Expressions. 1. The lead article, an expose on hiring practices, cre­ated a furor. 2. Peter should be here any min­ute, I am sure. 3. none 4. His paper is miss­ing the footnotes, not the bibliography. 5. We have been reading Beowulf, the oldest epic poem in English.

Exercise A: Adding Commas to Sentences. 1. Street, Essex, New Hampshire, will 2. Dad's, leather 3. 1,278,394 4. aloud, "How 5. Bancroft, M.D., is 6. mother, Jason

7. Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781, ended 8. $9,750 9. us," Angie said, "if 10. Jeanne, Marie

Exercise B: Punctuating a Letter. Wilming­ton, April 3, Steve, Friday, March 30, David, Elk­ton, left, address, Marple, Street, Philadelphia,

~page89 Exercise A: Using Semicolons Correctly. 1. years; he 2. bus; as 3. snacks; but 4. sister; she 5. basketball; his

Exercise 8: Using Colons Correctly. 1. foods: eggs 2. trains: the 8:10, 8:25 3. Acts 4:11, Psalms 117:22 4. paused: ") 5. support: Terry

~ Pages 90-92

Exercise A: Distinguishing 8etween Direct and Indirect Quotations. 1. I 2. 0 3. 0 4. I 5. 0 6. 0 7. I 8. I 9. 0 10. I

Exercise 8: Using Quotation Marks Cor­rectly. Starred answers will be marked in Exer­cise A; others, written on the lines at the bottom of the page. Rewritten indirect quotations may vary; samples are given. 1. "Will you watch lit­tle Jesse for me tomorrow afternoon?" Mrs. Potter asked. *2. "I know I can reach it." *3. "Are ... Monday?" 4. Dave said, "I think I may be able to get another ticket for the concert." *5. "We ... ribbon," Paula observed, "or ... do." *6. "That ... on you," 7. Tom observed, "Mem­bership has been dropping off lately." 8. "Do you have the same size in a different color?" I asked the clerk. *9. "Oh!" Jenny wailed. "The ... burned." 10. "Attendance so far," the manager reported proudly, "has exceeded all expectations. "

Exercise A: Punctuating Direct Quotations. 1. "Be ... midnight"? 2. "This ... late"; 3. "I hope," Janice said, "that ... tomorrow." 4. "Do ... juice?" 5. shrieked, "Go .. . immediately!" 6. "It seems to me ... "; 7. "Don't you agree," Paula asked, "that ... help?" 8. "Who can tell me," Ms. Bailey asked, "who wrote the poem 'Mending Wall'?" 9. "I'm stuffed"; 10. "Possibly," Norma suggested hope­fully, "a few ... come."

Exercise 8: Paragraphing Dialogue. Answers will vary. Check paragraphing and use of quota­tion marks.

16

Exercise A: Punctuating Different Types of Works. 1. none 2. Canterbury Tales "The Knight's Tale." 3. ~ 4. Variety 5. sheik

Exercise B: More Work with Underlining and Quotation Marks. 1. Queen Elizabeth 2 Con­corde 2. "Justine" The Alexandria Quartet 3. Ghost Busters ad nauseam 4. none 5. Tom Sawyer "The Glorious Whitewasher." -­

~ Pages 93-95

Exercise A: Using the Dash. I. act-the one ... ground-always 2. meeting­didn't ... house?-begins. 3. crew-all 4. president-he ... you know-is 5. be-oh, 6. game-no... 7. Daltry-all . .. 8. game­it ... season-starts. .. 9. Cooper-he's ... chess-is . .. 10. passes-if ... does-the

Exercise B: More Work with Dashes. 1. works-Carousel . .. mind-are 2. Night­it ... play-to be 3. movie-have ... yet?-is 4. my-ah, 5. Roosevelt-these

Exercise A: Using Parentheses. 1. began (sometime ... estimate), no one 2. (1) (2) (3) 3. Courthouse (April 9, 1865) marked 4. Beatrix (They ... they?) will

Exercise B: More Work with Parentheses. 1. house (you ... it) is 2. Pavarotti (born 1935) has 3. party (Will you be there?) is 4. Porter (he's ... schools) went

Exercise A: Using Brackets Correctly. 1. citisens [sic] his [the President's] 2. he [Coleridge] 3. Visiters [sic] 4. he [Ronald Reagan] 5. he [Macbeth], she [Lady Macbeth]

Exercise B: Using Dashes, Parentheses, and Brackets. 1. (Are there any copies left in town?) 2. "bisgetti [sic] 3. (203) 4. reported-where did he hear it?-that 5. "He [the Secretary of State]

~page96 Exercise A: Using Hyphens. 1. two-year-old 2. wide-eyed 3. twenty-two 4. three-fourths 5. none 6. self-evident 7. pro-Russian 8. first-rate 9. up-to-date to. Thirty-eight

Exercise B: Hyphenating Words. 1. per-jury 2. Israeli 3. rhymes 4. self-fulfilling 5. pro­found 6. in-form 7. elas-tic 8. length 9. dif-fer-ent 10. de-cide

~ Pages 97-98

Exercise A: Writing Possessive Forms of Nouns. 1. the waitress's tip 2. Charles Dodg­son's pen name 3. Howard's and Bill's test scores 4. for the neighbors' sake 5. a six weeks' cruise

Exercise B: Writing Possessive Forms of Pronouns. 1. someone else's 2. its 3. theirs 4. each other's

Exercise A: Writing Contractions. 1. We'll 2. can't 3. She's 4. ne'er 5. she's 6. aren't 7. o'clock 8. '84 9. won't 10. They've

Exercise B: Using Apostrophes Correctly. 1. o's and a's 2. and's 3. T's 4. 9's 5. p's and q's

~ Pages 99-101

Exercise A: Interviewing Yourself. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Free Writing. Answers will vary.

Exercise A: Narrowing a Topic. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Determining Audience and Purpose. Answers will vary.

Exercise A: Developing a Topic. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Following the Prewrlting Steps. Answers will vary.

~ Page 102

Exercise A: Writing a First Draft. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: More Work with First Drafts. Answers will vary.

~ Page 103

Exercise A: Revising and Editing a Paper. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Proofreading a Paper. Answers will vary.

~ Pages 104-105

Exercise A: Varying the Prewrltlng Steps. Answers will vary.

17

Exercise B: Varying the Writing Step. Answers will vary.

Exercise A: Varying the Revising Steps. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Gaining Perspective. will vary.

Answers

~ Pages 106-107

Exercise A: Using Action Words. cial messenger delivered the parcel.

1. A spe­2. The de­

cathlon tests ten different athletic skills. 3. All visitors to Europe should see Switzerland. 4. Poor sanitation caused the typhus epidemic. 5. At one time Artur Rubinstein played this piano.

Exercise B: Replacing General Words and Cliches. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. shocked 2. dressed well 3. brilliant 4. depressed 5. squeeze

Exercise A: Recognizing Inconsistencies in Tone. 1. malapropos, foreign word 2. landscape architect, euphemism 3. entire sentence, self-important language 4. finalized, jargon 5. cold, cruel tyrant, emotional language

Exercise B: Avoiding Redundancy and Word­iness. 1. Another element that 2. totalitarian 3. 's ears. 4. around it. 5. It is my opinion that 6. who had lost their parents 7. the type of 8. are creatures that 9. declaring the defendant blameless of the charges against him 10. resulting in the death of one or more of those involved

~ Pages 108-109

Exercise A: Recognizing Kinds of Compari­sons. 1. submerged metaphor, relationship = duel 2. analogy, career = Mississippi River 3. metaphor, play=passport 4. metaphor, BiIly= bull 5. simile, punched paper =snowflakes

Exercise B: Using Comparisons. Answers will vary; be sure students' sentences reflect an un­derstanding of each kind of comparison.

Exercise A: Developing Sensory Impressions and Symbols. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Analyzing a Professional Model. 1. peacefulness 2. by using sensory impres­sions 3. The scene symbolizes the feelings of the character (Lily) 4. sight 5. sugar maples wavered like pyramids of light

~ Pages 110-112

Exercise A: Combining Sentences. Answers may vary somewhat; samples are given. 1. Sandy skied into a pine tree and broke her leg. 2. As it raced to the scene of the crime, the police car had its siren blaring and its lights flashing. 3. When I saw Dudley at the library. he looked tired. 4. Because it has been snow­ing for two days, the roads are all closed. 5. The President felt ill this morning, so his speech was canceled.

Exercise B: More Work with Sentence Com­bining. Answers may vary somewhat; samples· are given. 1. Abalone, which is prized for its delicate meat and valued for the mother-of-pearl lining of its shell, is found only on the Pacific coast of North America. 2. When Roger went to the concert last night, he met a girl whom he liked, and he asked her to go out with him after the show. 3. Few people volunteered, so those of us who did had to work harder because we wanted the project to succeed. 4. Sue was five minutes late for work because her train had to stop for a cowan the tracks. 5. Brad tried out for the football team, but he weighs only eighty pounds, so the coach told him to think about playing soccer.

Exercise A: Expanding Short Sentences. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. John flew across the country in a private plane. 2. Liz was trapped inside the cabin for several days. 3. The police arrested Orville Jones for stealing a candy bar. 4. A suspicious-looking man waited outside the house. 5. Georgine won her tennis match in straight sets.

Exercise B: Simplifying Long Sentences. An­swers may vary; samples are given. 1. The fam­ily reunion and barbecue, an annual tradition, is hosted by a different branch of the family each year. When our turn came, we held it at Jackson Park, which has a convenient location and excel­lent facilities. 2. Throughout the night, rescuers pulled pieces of wreckage from the water and searched for survivors. At dawn, they redoubled their efforts without success.

Exercise A: Using Different Sentence Openers. Answers may vary; samples are given. 1. For the Willis Widget Store nearest you, consult. " 2. In recent years, some large cities. .. 3. Unless the door is closed, the elevator. .. 4. After the game, cheering fans. .. 5. Reluctantly, the President ...

Exercise B: Using Different Sentence Struc­tures. Revisions will vary; a sample is given.

18

Hardware stores stock several different kinds of fire extinguishers, or devices for putting out fires. They differ as to the flammable material on which they can be used, which is listed on the nameplate on the front of the device. Although they are useful, home fire extinguishers do have a short discharge time, which lasts from 8 to 24 seconds. In addition, the user must be accurate enough to direct the spray at the base of the fire.

~ Page 113

Exercise A: Using Structural Simllarities Within Sentences. Sentences will differ; check for parallelism.

Exercise B: Using Structural Similarities Within Groups of Sentences. Passages will dif­fer; check for parallel structures in the first pas­sage and a pattern that is broken in the second passage.

[§] Pages 114-116

Exercise A: Using Transitions. Answers may vary; samples are given. 1. Because both mem­bership and donations have decreased, the treas­ury is sadly depleted. 2. Nikki has been study­ing French for four years; moreover, she spent . .. 3. After our team scored an upset victory on Saturday, we all . .. 4.... sipping hot choco­late. Outside, snow ...

Exercise B: More Work with Transitions. An­swers will vary; samples are given. 1. Ahead, spatial 2. For instance, example 3. Eventually, time 4. However, contrast

Exercise A: Adding Coordination and Subor­dination. 1. Because she had never won any­thing before, Louise. .. 2. I got a stain on the jacket when I wore it . .. 3.... soon, or he won't finish . .. 4. While you were at the li­brary, you. .. 5.... major, so she will ...

Exercise B: Correcting Faulty Coordination and Subordination. Corrections may vary; sam­ples are given. 1. change so to but 2. I cailed, but you did not answer. 3. After we changed the flat tire, we got back on the road. 4. two sepa­rate sentences 5. When Andrea realized her mistake, she apologized.

Exercise A: Choosing Logical Orders. 1. spatial 2. chronological 3. importance 4. comparison and contrast 5. chronological

Exercise B: Following Logical Order. 1. On either side of the massive front door were beauti­

ful stained-glass windows. Inside, a ,spiral stair­case dominated the center hall. Beyond the stair­case, . .. 2. Every morning Josh warms up, jogs for three miles, and showers. 3. The candi­date's appeal comes from her sense of humor, her devotion to her family, and her dedication to fairness. 4. The game ... promises to be a close one. Both teams are undefeated this sea­son, and both ... The raiders, though, ... 5. Craig organized his note cards, outlined his paper, completed his rough draft, and then ed­ited it.

r-:r7:2l Page 117 ~ Exercise A: Recognizing Errors in Logic. 1. begging the question 2. contradiction 3. hasty generalization 4. contradiction 5. false assumption

Exercise B: Correcting Errors in Logic. An­swers will vary; samples are given. 1. That hor­ror movie terrified me because the special effects and the violence were so realistic. 2. I believed Marc was trustworthy until he told Beth my se­cret. 3. Grandma discouraged my brother's po­litical ambitions because she believed all politi­cians . .. 4. Getting started in the theater is often a heartbreaking struggle. Ken, however, landed . .. 5. The media ... personal life. The disclosure of his questionable real estate deal­ings and underworld associations may have con­tributed to his overwhelming defeat.

[§] Pages 118-120

Exercise A: Examining a Paragraph. 1. 6 2. summarizes 3. 2-5 4. order of importance 5. details (or examples)

Exercise B: Developing Support for Topic Sentences. 1. examples 2. incidents 3. reasons 4. facts 5. details

Exercise A: Recognizing Unity in a Para­graph. 1. 1 2. 3,4,5,7,8, 9 3. 2 and 6

Exercise B: Identifying Elements of Coher­ence. 1. spatial 2. above, at its end, opposite, in the center 3. storybook 4. fairy-tale 5. 10

Exercise A: Recognizing Special Kinds of Paragraphs. 2, 3. standard 1,4, 5. special

Exercise B: Recognizing the Uses of Special Paragraphs, 1. introductory, arouses the reader's interest 4. transitional, gives additional details 5. concluding, acts as a clincher

19

[§J Page 121

Answers will val}'. Review paragraphs for unity, order, coherence, and clarity. If serious problems appear in the final copy, work with students on their prewriting activities to tl}' to identify the source of the difficulty.

~ Pages 122-123

Exercise A: Planning an Expository Para­graph. Answers will val}'; evaluate on relevance to topic selected.

Exercise B: Writing an Expository Para­graph. Answers will val}'; evaluate on develop­ment from plan to rough draft.

Exercise A: Planning a Persuasive Para­graph. Answers will vary; evaluate on relevance to topic selected.

Exercise B: Writing a Persuasive Paragraph. Answers will val}'; evaluate on development from plan to rough draft.

~ Pages 124-125

Exercise A: Planning a Descriptive Para­graph. Answers will val}'; evaluate on relevance to topic selected.

Exercise B: Writing a Descriptive Paragraph. Answers will val}'; evaluate on development from plan to rough draft.

Exercise A: Planning a Narrative Paragraph. Answers will vary; evaluate on relevance to topic selected.

Exercise B: Writing a Narrative Paragraph. Answers will vary; evaluate on development from plan to rough draft.

~ Page 126

Exerclse A: Understanding an Essay. 1. Americans are changing their eating habits to be more like those in other parts of the world. 2. Answers will val}'; possible: "A Change for the Better" 3. last sentence in paragraph 1 4. eating habits, cooking habits 5. changes in cooking methods

Exercise B: Working with Unity and Coher­ence. 1. 2 and 3 2. examples 3. com­parison and contrast with chronological move­ment from past to present; Now, however 4. traditional, standard, staple, emphasis, focus 5. Conclusions will vary.

§] Page 127

WRITING PROCESS PAGE: Answers will val}'. With less able students particularly, review pre-writing stages before they proceed. Evaluate ...",J essays for unity, coherence, and logical order.

~ Pages 128-129

WRITING PROCESS PAGE: Answers will val}'. Evaluate essays for unity, coherence, and logical order.

~ Page 130

Exercise A: Using Sources of Information. Answers will val}'; check form against text models.

Exercise B: Understanding the Structures and Features of a Ubrary Paper. 1. to pre­sent the purpose of the paper and capture the reader's interest 2. at the end of the introduc­tion 3. body paragraphs 4. to maintain coher­ence 5. the thesis statement

§] Page 131

WRITING PROCESS PAGE: Answers will val}'. Evaluate for form, completeness, and accuracy of citations as well as structure, organization, and ...., development.

~ Pages 132-133

Exercise A: Understanding a Book Report. 1. the Massachusetts Bay Colony 2. within the characters 3. the scaffold, the forest, and the sunlight 4. It is powerful and compelling. 5. Hawthorne's use of characterization and symbolism

Exercise B: More Work with Book Reports. 1. the title, the author, and a brief sumffial}' of the contents of the book 2. conflict 3. symbolism· 4. theme 5. an overall opinion and a recommendation

Page 133 WRITING PROCESS PAGE: Answers will val}'. Evaluate book reports on content, unity, and coherence.

~ Pages 134-135

Exercise A: Understanding a Uterary Analy­sis. 1. That the stOI}' proposes that men often return to their home towns after fighting in a war to find themselves alienated from their families and friends 2. It suggests that the essay deals

20

with the alienation of a returning soldier. 3. the work, the type of work, and the author 4. Krebs's friends' lack of interest in hearing about his experiences in the war. 5. Krebs's dif­ficulty in relating to his parents Exercise B: More Work with Uterary Analy­sis. 1. it deals with Krebs's alienation from his friends 2. it deals with Krebs's alienation from his parents 3. "but no one wants to hear about it." (p. 90) 4. "I don't love anybody." (p. 100) 5. the first sentence Page 135 WRITING PROCESS PAGE: Answers will vary. Evaluate analyses on content, unity, and coherence.

~ Page 136

Exercise A: Understanding the Purpose of Journal Entries. 1. to express candid feelings and insights 2. to record experiences in an area of special interest 3. to keep track of everyday events 4. to express candid feelings and insights 5. to record key events Exercise B: Planning a Journal Entry. Answers will vary.

I 23.2 I Pages 137-138

WRITING PROCESS PAGE: Answers will vary; evaluate for sequence, coherence, and consis­tency of point of view.

~ Pages 139-140

Exercise A: Recognizing the Stages of a Plot. 1. 1 2. 5 3. 2 4. 4

Exercise B: Identifying Kinds of Narrators. 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 1

Exercise A: Working with Dialogue. Wording may vary; samples are given. 1. Pat said, "I like the color of your sweater, Janet." 2. "Watch out, Jim!" Carol cried. "You're too close to the edge of the cliff." 3. "Mrs. Talbott, will you please check my outline before I start writing?" Ben asked. 4. "It seems to me," I suggested, "that we should find out what the trip will cost." 5. "Well, okay," Dad said reluctantly, "I guess you can go on the camping trip."

Exercise B: Recognizing Special Uses of lan­guage. 1. 5 2. 2 3. 1 4. 6 5. 2

~ Page 141

WRITING PROCESS PAGE: Answers will vary. Evaluate stories on plot structure and consistency of point of view.

~ Page 142

Exercise A: Working with the Parts of a Friendly Letter. Answers to 1-3 will vary. 4. heading, closing, signature 5. salutation, body

Exercise B: Planning a Friendly Letter. Answers will vary.

~ Page 143

Exercise A: Working with the Parts of a Business Letter. Answers to 1-2 will vary. 3. block 4. name of recipient, page, date 5. make a copy

Exercise B: Planning a Business Letter. Answers will vary.

~ Page·144

Exercise A: Recognizing the Types of Ques­tions on College Applications. 1. 1 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. 2

Exercise B: Planning an Answer to a Ques­tion on an Application. Answers will vary.

~ Pages 145-146

Exercise A: Budgeting Time. 1. Previewing 2 min. a. 15 b. planning 2, writing 10, checking 2 c. planning 7, writing 20, proofreading 2 2. Pre­viewing 3; a. planning 5, writing 10, proofread­ing, 2 b. planning 2, writing 10, proofreading, 3 c. planning 4, writing, 18, proofreading 3

Exercise B: Interpreting Essay Exam Ques­tions. 1. b. key woras: diagram, major events; kind of question: diagram; method: diagram with labels c. key words: detailed, discussing, photo­graphic realism; kind of question: discussion; method: define, discuss with detailed examples 2. a. key words: identify, label, use arrows; kind: identification; method: label, use arrows b. key words: briefly describe; kind of question: descrip­tion; method: describe with facts c. key words: in detail, differ; kind of question: explanation; method: explain, comparing and contrasting

Exercise A: Planning an Answer to an Essay Exam Question. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Writing and Proofreading an Answer to an Essay Exam Question. Answers will vary.

21

I 26.2 IPage 147

Exercise A: Evaluating a Precis. 1. 3, 4, 8 2. High school and college students love slang because it makes them seem cool. I respectfull [row . .. , mob, and joke1was I last two sentences

Exercise 8: Answers will vary. Evaluate against checklist.

~ Pages 148-149

Exercise A: Using a Dictionary and a Thesau­rus to Increase Vocabulary. Answers may vary; samples are given. Definitions: 1. sparkle 2. to combine or join with something already included 3. a new convert 4. doubting 5. generous 6. to beat severely 7. congruous 8. peak 9. to overstep or break 10. a lowering in rank or status Synonyms: 1. glitter 2. combine 3. beginner 4. skeptical 5. plentiful 6. repeat 7. balanced 8. summit 9. disobey 10. banishment

Exercise 8: Recognizing Related Words. 1. antonyms 2. synonyms 3. antonyms 4. antonyms 5. homonyms 6. homonyms 7. synonyms 8. homonyms 9. synonyms 10. synonyms

Exercise A: Keeping a Vocabulary Notebook. Bridge words will vary. Definitions may also vary; samples are given. 1. of shepherds or their work 2. having two or more possible meanings 3. a person skilled at telling stories or anecdotes 4. sharp, biting 5. too bold or forward 6. forbidding 7. to instruct 8. unequal 9. lacking harmony or agreement to. to come forth

Exercise 8: Using Other Study Methods. Answers may vary; samples are given. 1. conversational 2. excessive 3. any virulent or fatal contagious or infectious disease 4. making claims to some distinction 5. ludicrous misuse of words 6. an understand­ing or agreement 7. the branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system 8. sounding sweet and smooth 9. worthy of respect 10. a solemn change of command

I 27.2 I Page 150

Exercise A: Using Context Clues. 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. d 8. b 9. a 10. b

Exercise 8: More Work with Context Clues. Definitions may vary within reason. 1. trial model 2. luxury 3. show proof 4. not attack­able 5. difficult

@!J Pages 151-152

Exercise A: Using Prefixes to Determine Meaning. ' 1. a 2. c 3. c 4. a 5. b 6. c 7. c 8. d 9. a 10. b

Exercise 8: Using Prefixes to Make Words. Answers will vary; sqmples are given. 1. overproduce 2. absent 3. commiserate 4. epicenter 5. departure 6. circumvent 7. intermediate 8. investigate 9. monotony 10. oblige

Exercise A: Using Roots to Define Words. 1. graphic: g 2. repulsive: e 3. pervasive: f 4. diction: a 5. prospect: i 6. untenable: j 7. emit: b 8. inscription: d 9. replicate: c 10. revert: h

Exercise 8: Using Suffixes to Form New Words. 1. Arabic 2. fanaticism 3. amateurish 4. thoughtful or thoughtless 5. revolutionize

I 27.4 ·1 Page 153

Exercise A: Finding the Sources of Words. 1. television +marathon 2. Italian 3. French 4. Dutch 5. Latin 6. Hercules 7. Latin 8. parachute + troops 9. Native American 10. Greek

Exercise 8: Combining Words to Create New Words. 1. catfish 2. waterproof 3. spareribs 4. dogfight 5. roadblock 6. riptide 7. superpower 8. footprint 9. forefront 10. spaceship

~ Pages 154-155.

Exercise A: Proofreading a Selection. 1. February 2. unforgettable 3. forfeit 4. canceled 5. pneumonia 6. period 7. several 8. laboratory 9. principal 10. necessary

Exercise 8: Mastering Spelling Demons. 1. pneumonia 2. vacuum 3. conscientious 4. grammar 5. awkward 6. lieutenant 7. tomatoes 8. prairie 9. desperate lO. villain

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Exercise A: Working with Problem Words. I. dissatisfied 2. nuisance 3. pamphlets 4. exhilarating 5. allowance 6. extraordinary 7. stomach 8. bookkeeper 9. amateur 10. exaggerate

Exercise B: Creating Memory Aids. Answers will vary; samples are given. 1. accidentally, I accidentally lost count of my tally. 2. independence, The den is where I keep a copy of the Declaration of Independence. 3. category, We ate something from each cate­gory of food. 4. environment, What happens to iron in this environment?· 5. parallel, If all these lines are parallel, they will never meet.

I 28.2 IPages 156-159

Exercise A: Making Words Plural. 1. dormitories 2. bunches 3. leashes 4. bosses 5. varieties 6. pianos 7. hooves 8. sauces 9. knives 10. buoys 11. patios 12. mixes 13. potatoes 14. glories 15. fantasies 16. horses 17. chiefs lB. crises 19. trout 20. women

Exercise 8: More Work with Plurals. 1. geese 2. brothers-in-law 3. editors-in-chief 4. oxen 5. leaves 6. games of chance 7. rodeos B. taxes 9. hooves 10. tomatoes

Exercise A: Spelling Words with Prefixes. I. extend (also distend, contend, intend, pretend) 2. conform 3. overact 6. misbehave 5. impatient 6. immortal 7. illegible B. overindulge 9. discover 10. disembark 11. concede 12. administer 13. disappoint 14. contemporary 15. mistrust 16. correspond 17. misunderstand lB. disjoint 19. overcook 20. illuminate

Exercise B: Spelling Words with Suffixes. 1. intensity 2. residence 3. lovable 4. insurance 5. forceful 6. effective 7. remotely B. graphic 9. magnetize 10. permitted

Exercise A: Spelling el and Ie Words. 1. relief 2. counterfeit 3. foreign 4. efficient 5. brief 6. besieged 7. received B. conscience 9. leisure 10. neither

Exercise B: Spelling Words Ending in -cede, -ceed, and -sede. 1. succeed 2. secede 3. accede 4. intercede 5. exceed

Exercise A: Spelling Suffixes Correctly. 1. laughable 2. nursery 3. tempestuous 4. continuous 5. responsible 6. cemetery

7. fantasy 8. courageous 9. incidence 10. anniversary 11. monastery 12. secondary 13. stupefy 14. diplomacy 15. imaginable 16. turbulence 17. courtesy lB. appearance 19. putrefy 20. tenuous

Exercise B: Recognizing the Correct Spell­ing. 1. combustible 2. scenery 3. ambig­uous 4. significance 5. correspondence 6. presentable 7. embassy B. miscellaneous 9. sensible 10. brilliance

~ Page 160

Exercise A: Setting Up a Study Schedule. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Setting Goals for Study Skills. Answers will vary.

~ Page 161

Exercise A: .Making a Modified Outline. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Writing a Summary. Answers will vary.

~ Page 162

Exercise A: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions. 1. fact 2. opinion 3. fact 4. opinion 5. opinion

Exercise B: Analyzing Forms of Reasoning. 1. deductive reasoning, valid 2. inductive rea­soning, invalid 3. analogy, invalid 4. cause and effect, valid 5. cause and effect, invalid

~ Page 163

Exercise A: Analyzing the Uses of Language. 1. irony 2. denotation 3. irony 4. inflated language 5. connotation 6. denotation 7. connotation B. irony 9. euphemism 10. inflated language

Exercise B: More Work with the Uses of lan­guage. 1. inflated language 2. irony 3. irony 4. connotation 5. euphemism

Exercise A: Asking Critical-Reading Questions. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: More Work with Critical Reading. Answers will vary.

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~ Page8164-165

Exercise A: Using the SQ4R Method. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Varying Your Reading Style. Answers will vary.

Exercise A: Practicing Reading Comprehen­sion. 1. 3 2. 2 3. 1 4. 5 ~. 3

Exercise B: More Work with Reading Com­prehension. 1. 3 2. 4 3. 1 4. 4 5. 2

~ Page8166-168

Exercise A: Locating Antonyms. 1. (2) 2. (5) 3. (3) 4. (3) 5. (4) 6. (1) 7. (4) 8. (5) 9. (3) 10. (2)

Exercise B: Answering Analogy Questions. 1. (1) 2. (4) 3. (5) 4. (3) 5. (5)

Exercise A: Practicing Reading Comprehen­sion. 1. (3) 2. (2) 3. (1) 4. (5) 5. (2)

Exercise B: More Work with Reading Com­prehension. 1. (3) 2. (4) 3. (1) 4. (4) 5. (2)

Exercise A: Answering Usage Questions. 1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (E) 4. (B) 5. (C)

Exercise B: Answering Sentence Correction Questions. 1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (C)

~ Page 169

Exercise A: Finding Basic Information. An­swers will vary. As a follow-up activity you may want to have students find information on one of the topics they have listed, using the card catalog in the library.

Exercise B: Using the Card Catalog. 1. 596 2. Jim Amosky 3. Secrets of a Wildlife Watcher 4. Jim Arnosky 5. New York 6. Lothrop, Lee, and Shepard Books 7. 1983 8. 64 9. two 10. 22cm

~page17o Exercise A: Using General Reference Books. Sources may vary. The probable source is given

following each answer (all as of 1985). 1. Ecuador I atlas 2. Philadelphia I encyclope­dia 3. Honshu I atlas 4. Sears Tower I alma­nac 5. 39° North I atlas 6. Alphonse D'Amato or Patrick Moynihan I almanac 7. Peru I ency­clopedia 8. Sinhala I almanac 9. 586,412 sq. mi. I almanac 10. 17,900,290 I almanac

Exercise B: Using The Readers' Guide. 1. Progressive 2. 58-61 3. (Ralph) Nader 4. July 1984 5. C. Dreifus

~ Page 171

Exercise A: Determining Pronunciation. An­swers will depend on dictionaries used. Samples are given.

1. lm-pul'slv 2. an'te-bi-6t'Ik 3. s<}-ma'sh(;)n 4. mal'e-<}-b;;ll 5. dul's;;l-m(;)r 6. ap'm-po' 7. sIg' nit 8. lat' is 9. ob'll-ga'sh;;ln

10. rI-stor' ;;I-tIV

Exercise B: Locating Derived Words. Answers will depend on dictionaries used. Samples are given. 1. enviously, enviousness 2. decomposibility, decomposable 3. fluctuation, fluctuational 4. meddlesomeness 5. connectible, connector 6. profitless 7. superstitiously 8. convener, convenor 9. forwardly, forwardness to. deductively

~ Page 172

Exercise A: Preparing for a College Inter­view. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Preparing to Conduct an Inter­view. Answers will vary.

~ Page8173-174

Exercise A: Recognizing Different Kinds of Group Discussions. 1. panel 2. round-table discussion group 3. symposium 4. committee 5. panel

Exercise B: Planning a Group Discussion. Answers will vary.

Exercise A: Understanding Parliamentary Procedure. 1. So that all members have a chance to be recognized and heard 2. No, because this would violate the basic principles of parliamentary procedure 3. more than one half 4. By allowing those in the minority to present their views and to change the minds of the majority 5. No, because the basic principles of parliamentary procedure guarantee a member the right to speak or to remain silent

24

Exercise B: More Work with Parliamentary Procedure. Answers to #5 will vary; samples are given. 1. So that members can vote in an informed way on every issue 2. An agreed-upon number of persons that must be present to hold a meeting 3. Call to order, roll call, reading and approval of minutes from last meeting, reading of reports by officers, reading of reports by commit­tees, consideration of unfinished business, con­sideration of new business, adjournment 4. a formal suggestion or proposal by a member that something be discussed and acted upon 5. A member asks to be recognized and introduces a motion, some other members second the motion, the motion is discussed, the chairperson asks the members to vote on the motion

§] Page 175

Exercise A: Planning a Speech. Answers will vary.

Exercise B: Evaluating a Speech. Answers will vary.

I 33.4 I Page 176

Exerc:lse A: Ustening for Important InformaM

tion. Answers will vary.

Exerc:lse B: Developing Critical Ustening Skills. Answers will vary.

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