GRAMMAR BANK I - avionesdepapel - Wikispaces write short answers. you / have / a twin sister ... Majadahonda GRAMMAR BANK I 10 ACTIVITIES PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. INDEFINITE

GRAMMAR BANK I 6º EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA

CEIP BENITO PÉREZ GALDÓS

Name: ……………………………………….. Group: …………

English 6º Ed. Primaria CEIP Benito Pérez Galdós Majadahonda GRAMMAR BANK I

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ÍNDICE

BE: PRESENT SIMPLE ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3

HAVE GOT / BE OR HAVE GOT? ………………………………………………………………………... 5

POSSESIVES’S. DEMONSTRATIVES PRONOUNS. ………………………………………………..... 7

PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS ……………………….. 9

THERE’S / THERE ARE …………………………………………………………………………………… 11

QUESTION WORDS ………………………………………………………………………………………. 13

PRESENT SIMPLE ………………………………………………………………………………………… 15

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY …………………………………………………………………………….. 17

SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS …………………………………………………………………. 18

PRESENT CONTINUOUS ………………………………………………………………………………... 19

CAN / CAN’T ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES…………………………………………………. 25

BE: PAST SIMPLE. THERE WAS / THERE WERE …………………………………………………… 27

PAST SIMPLE ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 29

PAST CONTINUOUS ……………………………………………………………………………………… 31

COULD / COULDN’T ……………………………………………………………………………………… 33

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE ……………………………………………………………………………… 35

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND MOVEMENT ……………………………………………………….. 36

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS. …………………………………………………………. 41

SOME AND ANY. HOW MANY / HOW MUCH…? …………………………………………………….. 43

QUANTIFIERS: MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF / LOTS OF / FEW / LITTLE …………………………… 45

IRREGULAR VERBS LIST ………………………………………………………………………………… 47


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BE: PRESENT SIMPLE

Forma afirmativa: sujeto + am / is / are

I’m French. Soy francés.

Afirmativa Formas contractas

I am I’m

He / she / it is He’s / she’s / it’s

You / we / they are You’re / we’re / they’re

Forma negativa: sujeto + am / is / are + not

Al hablar se suelen utilizar las formas contractas.

She isn’t in the kitchen. No está en la cocina.

Negativa Formas contractas

I am not I’m not

He / she / it is not He / she / it isn’t

You / we / they are not You / we / they aren’t

Forma interrogativa: Am / Is / Are + sujeto ?

El signo de interrogación se coloca al final de la frase.

En las respuestas breves afirmativas no se utilizan las formas contractas.

Are you from Spain? Yes, we are. ¿Sois españolas? Sí.

Interrogativa Respuestas breves

Afirmativa Negativa

Am I …? Yes, I am No, I’m not

Is he / she / it …? Yes, he / she / it is No, he / she / it isn’t

Are you / we / they … ? Yes, you / we / they are No, you / we / they aren’t

Usos

El verbo be se traduce por ser y estar.

My friends are German. Mis amigos son alemanes.

We are tired. Estamos cansados.

Con ciertas expresiones se debe utilizar el verbo be, y no have.

I’m thirteen. (NO I have thirteen). Tengo treces años.

I’m hungry (NO I have hungry). Tengo hambre.

I’m hot (NO I have hot). Tengo calor.

¡OJO!


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ACTIVITIES

BE: PRESENT SIMPLE

1. Complete de text. Use be affirmative or negative.

My name is Mark and I (1) …………… fourteen years old. I (2) …………… from England – I’m

from Ireland. My favourite bands (3) ………….. the Black Eyed Peas and The Beatles. My

favourite subject (4) …………. Spanish. My favourite colour (5) …………… red. My teacher (6)

……………. Irish - she’s from Spain. My best friends (7) ………….. Kate and Ben. They (8)

……………. Fourteen – they’re twuelve.

2. Write questios about Mark. Use be. Then answer the questions

What / be / Mark’s nationality? What is Mark’s nationality? He’s Irish.

1) How old / he / be? …………………………………………………………………………………….

2) What / be / his favourite bands? …………………………………………………………………….

3) What / be / his favourite colour? …………………………………………………………………….

4) Which subject / he / be / good at? …………………………………………………………………..

5) Who / be / his best friends? ………………………………………………………………………….

6) How old / be / his best friends? ……………………………………………………………………..

7) Where / his teacher / be / from? …………………………………………………………………….

3. Now, write about you.

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HAVE GOT

Forma afirmativa: sujeto + have / has + got + objeto directo.

En la tercera persona del singular se utiliza has got.

Lucy has got a sister. Lucy tiene una hermana.


I / we / you / they have got I’ve / You’ve / we’ve / they’ve got

He / she / it has got He’s / she’s / it’s got

Forma negativa: sujeto + have / has + not + got + objeto directo.

They haven’t got a bike. No tienen una bicicleta.


I / we / you / they have not got I’ve / You’ve / we’ve / they haven’t got

He / she / it has not got He’s / she’s / it hasn’t got

Forma interrogativa: Have / has + sujeto + got + objeto directo.

En las respuestas breves afirmativas no se utilizan las formas contractas. En las respuestas breves no se utiliza got.

Has Bryan got a sister? Yes, he has. ¿Tiene Bryan una hermana? Sí.


Afirmativa Negativa

Have I / we / you / they got …? Yes, I / we / you / they have No, I / we / you / they haven’t

Has he / she / it got…? Yes, he / she / it has No, he / she / it hasn’t

Usos.

Have got significa “tener” y se utiliza para expresar posesión.

I’ve got a new mobile pone. Tengo un teléfono móvil nuevo.

Have got también se utiliza para describir el aspecto físico.

Has he got blue eyes? ¿Tiene los ojos azules?


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ACTIVITIES

HAVE GOT

1. Put the words in the correct order to make questions. Then write short answers. you / have / a twin sister / got /? – Have you got a twin sister? No, I haven’t. 1) got / friends / bikes / your / have /?- …………………………………………………………………

2) brown eyes / you / have / got /? - ……………………………………………………………………

3) has / got / a balcony / your flat /? - …………………………………………………………………..

4) got / has / fair hair / best friend / your /? - …………………………………………………………..

2. Complete the sentences. Use be or have got.

My brother has got glasses.

1) Robert …………………. a sister.

2) I …………………………. really cold.

3) …………… you thirteen? No, I ……………

4) My dad’s eyes ……………… blue.

5) My friend ………………… long hair.

3. Write sentences about your family and friends. Use be and have got.

My mum has got a brother and a sister.

Mónica is my best friend.

1) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Read the description and draw the monster Pitrinky. Later, draw your own monster and

describe it.

My monster’s name is Pitrinky. It’s red and

green. It’s got three yellow eyes and a very

big mouth. Its nose is purple and very big.

It’s got three long legs and two short arms.

Pitrinky is very fun.


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POSSESSIVE’S. DEMONSTRATIVES PRONOUNS

Possesive’s (Posesivo en ‘s)

Se añade ‘s a sustantivos y nombres propios para expresar posesión.

Jane’s dad (NO the dad of Jane). El padre de Jane.

My sister’s friend (NO the friend of my sister). La amiga/el amigo de mi hermana.

Con sustantivos en plural acabados en –s, sólo se añade el apóstrofo (‘).

His friends’ class. La clase de sus amigos.

Con nombres de lugares y cosas se utiliza la preposición of, y no la forma ‘s.

The capital of Spain is Madrid.(NO Spain’s capital is Madrid). La capital de España es Madrid.

The title of the book. (NO the book’s title). El título del libro.

Demonstrative pronouns (Pronombres demostrativos)

singular plural

This (este / esta / esto)

These (estos / estas)

That (ese / esa / eso, aquel / aquella / aquello)

Those (esos / esas, aquellos / aquellas)

En inglés los pronombres demostrativos sólo tienen singular y plural. No tienen variación de género.

This y these se refieren a algo o alguien que está cercano a la persona que habla.

This is a pencil. Esto es un lápiz.

These are my books. Estos son mis libros.

That y those se refieren a personas y cosas que están más lejos de la persona que habla.

That’s my brother. Ese / aquel es mi hermano.

Those are his French books. Esos / aquellos son sus libros de francés.

This se utiliza para presentar a la gente.

This is Joseph. Este es Joseph.

That se utiliza para confirmar que algo es correcto.

Are you Mary? That’s right. (NO Yes). ¿Eres Mary? Sí.


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ACTIVITIES

POSSESSIVE’S. DEMONSTRATIVES PRONOUNS

1. Rewrite the sentences. Use the possessive ’s and ‘.

Tom has got a car. It’s big. – Tom’s car is big.

1) My sister has got a bike. It’s new.- ………………………………………………………………….

2) My parents have got a house. It’s small.- …………………………………………………………..

3) Andrew has got a sister. She’s eleven.- …………………………………………………………….

4) My brothers have got a motorbike. It’s red.- ………………………………………………………..

5) Claudia has got a cat. He’s cute.- ……………………………………………………………………

2. Rewrite the phrases. Use the possessive ‘s, the possessive ‘, and of

my brothers / computer – My brothers’ computer. the basketball team / the name – The name of the basketball team. 1) England / the capital - …………………………………………………………………………………

2) the teacher / book - ……………………………………………………………………………………

3) your friend / pet - ………………………………………………………………………………………

4) the film / the end - …………………………………………………………………………………….

5) her eyes / the colour - …………………………………………………………………………………

6) the students / classroom - …………………………………………………………………………….

3. Complete the sentences. Use this or these.

This is y dog. 3) ………………. are your parents.

1) ………………… aren’t my books 4) Are ………………... our desk?

2) Is ………………… your brother? 5) ……………….. is a green pencil.

4. Complete the sentences. Use that or those.

Those are my pens. 3) Are ……………….. your grandparents?

1) ………………….. ‘s my teacher. 4) …………………..’s our CD player.

2) ………………….. isn’t my classroom. 5) Are ……………….. your books?


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PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

Pronouns and possessive adjectives. (Pronombres y adjetivos posesivos)

Pronombre sujeto Adjetivo posesivo (determinante posesivo)

I my (mi, mis)

You your (tu, tus, su, us, de usted)

He his (su, sus, de él)

She her (su, sus, de ella)

It its (su, sus, de un objeto o animal)

We our (nuestro/a, nuestros/as)

You your (vuestro/a, vuestros/as, de ustedes)

They their (su, sus, de ellos/as)

Los adjetivos posesivos acompañan a los sustantivos.

We like our car. Nos gusta nuestro coche. / Where’s my pen? ¿Dónde está mi bolígrafo?

Los adjetivos posesivos no tienen variación de número. No cambian dependiendo de si se posee una

cosa o varias.

My hair / my eyes. Mi pelo / mis ojos.

Your nose / your glasses. Tu nariz / tus gafas. His brother / his parents. Su hermano / sus padres. Its food / its toys. Su comida / sus juguetes.

Our dog / our books. Nuestro libro / nuestros libros. Your house / your friends. Vuestra casa / vuestros amigos. Their sister / their grandparents. Su hermana / sus abuelos.

Indefinite pronouns. (Pronombres indefinidos)

Someone / anyone. Se utilizan para referirse a las personas.

En las oraciones afirmativas se utiliza someone:

There’s someone in the living room. Hay alguien en el salón.

En las interrogativas y negativas se utiliza anyone:

Is there anyone in the classroom? ¿Hay alguien en la clase?

There isn’t anyone in the restaurant. No hay nadie en el restaurante.

Something / anything. Se utilizan para referirse a las cosas.

En las oraciones afirmativas se utiliza something:

I want something to eat. Quiero comer algo.

En las oraciones interrogativas y negativas se utiliza anything:

Is there anything to do? ¿Hay algo que hacer?

Beatriz hasn’t got anything to drink. Beatriz no tiene nada para beber.

Ten cuidado al utilizar its e it’s

Its = adjetivo posesivo My cat is brown, but its eyes are green My gato es marrón, pero sus ojos son verdes.

It’s = It is (es) What’s this? It’s a pencil. ¿Qué es esto? Es un lápiz.

¡OJO!


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ACTIVITIES

PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.

1. Complete the sentences. Use the correct possessive adjectives.

I do my homework.

1) You do …………... homework. 4) We do …………. homework.

2) He does …………. homework. 5) They do …………. homework.

3) She does ………… homework 6) I do …………… exercises.

2. Choose the correct options.

This is we / our school.

1) It / Its name is The City School. 6) It’s / Its quarter to one.

2) She / Her has got green eyes. 7) He / His hair is red.

3) Have they / their got dark hair. 8) Are you / your her sister?

4) This is you / your notebook. 9) What are they / their names?

5) I / My best friend has got freckles.

3. Complete the sentences. Use pronouns and possessive adjectives.

AMY Who’s that boy?

JOE Where?

AMY He’s got glasses. (1) …………………. ‘re black.

JOE Oh! (2) ………………. name’s Paul. (3) …………….. ‘s new.

AMY Is he in (4) ……………….. class?

JOE No, he isn’t. He’s in (5) ……………… sister’s class.

AMY Your sister’s class? But (6) …………. ‘s in Year 7. So, he’s eleven years old!

JOE Yes. (7) ………………. ‘s very big.

4. Complete the sentences. Use someone, anyone, something and anything.

Don’t touch anything.

1) I’m thirsty but I haven’t got …………………… to drink.

2) There’s ………………. in the kitchen. Who is it?

3) Do you know ………………. in Ireland?

4) Ow! I’ve got ……………… in my eye!


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THERE’S / THERE ARE

Forma afirmativa:

There is + a + sustantivo contable en singular.

There is a picture on the wall. Hay un cuadro en la pared.

There is + some + sustantivo incontable.

There’s some money in the bag. Hay algo de dinero en la bolsa.

There are + some + sustantivo contable en plural.

There are some books. Hay unos / algunos libros.


Singular There is a / some There’s a / some

Plural There are some -

Forma negativa:

There is + not + a + sustantivo contable en singular.

There isn’t a CD. No hay un / ningún CD.

There is + not + any + sustantivo incontable.

There isn’t any milk . No hay (nada de) leche.

There are + not + any + sustantivo contable en plural.

There aren’t any chairs. No hay sillas / ninguna silla.


Singular There is not a / any There isn’t a / any

Plural There are not any There aren’t any

Forma interrogativa:

Is there + a + sustantivo contable en singular.

Is there a table? Yes, there is. ¿Hay una mesa? Sí.

Is there + any + sustantivo incontable.

Is there any milk? No, there isn’t. ¿Hay (algo de) leche? No.

Are there + any + sustantivo contable en plural.

Are there any pens? Yes, there are. ¿Hay algún boli? Sí.


Afirmativa Negativa

Singular Is there a / some …? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.

Plural Are there any …? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.


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ACTIVITIES

THERE’S / THERE ARE


There are / There’s two pencils.

1) Is there / There’s a purple notebook?

2) There aren’t / There isn’t a green ruler.

3) There are / there aren’t any pens but there are two pencils.

4) There’s / Is there a blue bag.

5) Is there / Are there any new books?

2. Correct the mistakes.

There are any posters in your classroom? – Are there any posters in your classroom?

1) There are a TV in my bedroom - ..………………………………………………………………….

2) How many boys there are in your class? - .……………………………………………………….

3) There isn’t any chairs. - ……………………………………………………………………………..

4) Is there a lot of people in your family? - …………………………………………………………...

5) What there is in the fridge? - ………………………………………………………………………..

3. Write affirmative and negative sentences about your home. Use there’s / there are and the

words in the box or your own ideas.

There’s a bookcase in my living room.

1) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

bookcase CD player chair computer desk


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QUESTION WORDS

Who? ¿Quién? Who is your favourite singer? ¿Quién es tu cantante preferido?

When? ¿Cuándo? / ¿A qué hora? When is your birthday? ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? When do you go to bed? ¿A qué hora te sueles acostar?

How often? ¿Con qué frecuencia? How often do you play tennis? ¿Con qué frecuencia juegas al tennis? What? ¿Qué? / ¿Cuál? What programmes do you watch on TV? ¿Qué programas ves en la tele? What’s your favourite subject? ¿Cuál es tu asignatura preferida? What sports do you like? ¿Qué deportes te gustan? How? ¿Cómo? How are you? ¿Cómo estás? / ¿Qué tal estás? How do you spell ‘science’? ¿Cómo se deletrea “science”? Where? ¿Dónde? Where is my dictionary? ¿Dónde está mi diccionario? Where do you live? ¿Dónde vives? Why? ¿Por qué? Why do you like him? Because he’s fun. ¿Por qué te gusta? Porque es divertido. Which? ¿Qué? / ¿Cuál?. Se utiliza cuando hay un número de personas o cosas limitado. Which actor do you prefer, Brad Pitt or George Clooney?

¿Qué actor prefieres, Brat Pitt o George Clooney? Which bus do you take to school? ¿Qué autobús coges para ir al colegio?

ACTIVITIES

1. Complete the questions. Use the words in the box.

1) What’s his name?

2) ……………….. do you like art? 5) ……………….. do you have lunch?

3) ………… often do you go to the cinema? 6) ……………….. ‘s your favourite actress?

4) …………. do you live?

2. Match the questions in exercise 1 with the correct answers.

Paul Williams. 1

a) Every weekend. ___ d) In Oxford. ___

b) Penélope Cruz. ___ e) Because it’s interesting. ___

c) At half past twelve. ___

How What When Where

Who Why


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PRESENT SIMPLE

Forma afirmativa: sujeto + verbo.

I like tennis. Me gusta el tenis. / He likes tennis. Le gusta el tenis.

Spelling rules: 3rd person singular. (Reglas ortográficas: 3ª persona del singular)

1) La forma de la 3ª persona del singular (he / she / it) termina en –s. He plays basketball. Juega al baloncesto.

2) Los verbos que terminan en consonante + -y cambian la –y por –ies. Study – He studies science. Él estudia ciencias.

Si el verbo termina en vocal + -y sólo se añade –s. Play / plays buy / buys 3) Si el verbo termina en –ss, -ch, -sh, -x, -o, -z se añade –es.

Watch / watches go / goes 4) El verbo have es irregular.

Fred has lunch at 2:30 p.m. every day. Fred come a las dos y media todos los días. Forma negativa: sujeto + don’t / doesn´t + infinitivo sin to

My brother doesn’t play the guitar. Mi hermano no toca la guitarra.


I / we / you / they do not watch I / we / you / they don’t watch

He / she / it does not watch He / she / it doesn’t watch

Forma interrogativa: Do / Does + sujeto + infinitivo sin to

Does he meet his friends after school? ¿Suele salir con sus amigos después de clase? En las respuestas breves afirmativas, do / does sigue al pronombre sujeto. En la negativa se utilizan las formas contractas don’t / doesn’t.

Do you study French? Yes, I do / No, I don’t. ¿Estudias francés? Sí / No.


Afirmativa Negativa

Do I / we / you / they teach? Yes, I / we / you / they do No, I / we / you / they don’t

Does he / she / it teach…? Yes, he / she / it does No, he / she / it doesn’t

Usos.

Expresar cosas que suceden habitualmente y describir rutinas. I listen to music every day. Todos los días escucho música.

Expresar verdades generales y definiciones. Madrid is the capital of Spain. Madrid es la capital de España. Indicar gustos, opiniones y sentimientos. I like dancing. Me gusta bailar.

En las formas negativa e interrogativa, el verbo principal NO lleva –s en la 3ª persona del singular.

She doesn’t have lunch at school. (NO She doesn’t has lunch at school)

Afirmativa

I / we / you / they play

He / she / it plays.

¡OJO!


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ACTIVITIES

PRESENT SIMPLE

1. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple affirmative of the verbs in the box.

I like science. I think it’s really interesting.

1) I ………………………… to my friends on the Internet.

2) I …………………………. my friends after school.

3) Luke ………………………….. computer games.

4) My sister …………………………. Geography and Maths.

5) My camera ………………………. great photos.

2. Write sentences. Use the present simple negative.

We / not go / to the cinema / on Sundays.- We don’t go to the cinema on Sundays.

1) I / not watch / TV / after school. - …………………………………………………………………….

2) They / not like / playing hockey - …………………………………………………………………….

3) She / not chat / on the Internet - ……………………………………………………………………..

4) You / not do / sport / at the weekend - ………………………………………………………………

5) She / not have / lunch / in a restaurant - ……………………………………………………………

3. Write questions. Use the present simple interrogative. Then write true short answers.

your friends / go / to the sports centre? – Does your friends go to the sports centre? Yes, they do. (No, they don’t). 1) Your mother / wear / glasses?- ………………………………………………………………………

2) Your best friend / play / the piano? - ………………………………………………………………..

3) You / like / dogs? - …………………………………………………………………………………….

4) Your parents / go / to the bowling alley? - ………………………………………………………….

5) Your brother / speak / English? - …………………………………………………………………….

6) You / study / Maths - ………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Write questions about people you know. Use your own ideas. Then write short answers.

Does your dad cook? Yes, he does.

1) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

chat like meet play study take


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ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

0 % never almost never sometimes often usually always 100%

nunca casi nunca a veces a menudo normalmente siempre

Usos.

Los adverbios de frecuencia se colocan delante del verbo principal.

They usually go to the shopping centre on Saturday.

Normalmente van al centro comercial los sábados.

She always walks to shool. Siempre va andando al colegio.

Do you often read comics? ¿Lees cómics a menudo?

En el caso del verbo be, se colocan detrás.

My brother is never at home. Mi hermano nunca está en casa.

ACTIVITIES.

1. Put the words in the correct order. Use capital letters and punctuation where necessary.

never / is / late / he.- He is never late.

1) we / go / skateboarding / usually. - ………………………………………………………………..

2) often / in bed / reads / he / comics - ………………………………………………………………

3) play / sometimes / I / baseball - ……………………………………………………………………

4) hungry / is / he / after / school / always - ………………………………………………………….

5) gymnastics / almost never / do / they - ……………………………………………………………

2. Write sentences about your daily routine. Use the present simple and the adverbs of

frequency.

I always start school at 9:30 in the morning.

1) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….


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SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS

Los pronombres sujeto se utilizan para sustituir a los nombres de las personas, cosas y animales.

Roberto is twuelve. He is tall. Roberto tiene doce años. Es alto. My friends are British. They live in Oxford. Mis amigos son británicos. Viven en Oxford.

El pronombre I siempre va en mayúscula. Sam and I go to the swimming pool. Sam y yo vamos a la piscina.

It se utiliza para referirse a cosas, situaciones y animales. It’s a good book. Es un buen libro.

You significa: tú, usted, vosotros y ustedes. You are Italian. Tú eres italiano.

Los pronombres sujeto se colocan delante del verbo y nunca se pueden omitir. He’s my friend. (NO Is my friend). Es mi amigo.

Los pronombres objeto se utilizan para reemplazar a un sustantivo como complemento directo o indirecto en una oración. Nunca se colocan delante del verbo principal.

Who’s Ann? I don’t know her. ¿Quién es Ann? No la conozco.

ACTIVITIES.

1. Put the words in the correct order. Use capital letter and punctuation where necessary.

don’t / him / know / you – You don’t know him.- Tú no lo conoces.

1) meet / can’t / us / he.- …………………………………………………………………………….

2) her / listens to / never / he.- ………………………………………………………………………

3) remember / I / don’t / you - ……………………………………………………………………….

4) me / they / with / are - …………………………………………………………………………….

5) she / it / like / doesn’t - ……………………………………………………………………………

6) them / we / never / visit - …………………………………………………………………………


That’s Trent. Do you know he / him ?

1) They / Them often go to the theatre. 4) Can we / us go to the concert, please?

2) Melissa helps I / me with the homework. 5) We like Nuria. She / Her is very nice.

3) Listen! Someone is calling we / us. 6) His grandma lives with he / him?

Pronombre sujeto

Pronombre objeto

I me

You you

He him

She her

It it

We us

You you

They them


19

PRESENT CONTINUOUS Forma afirmativa: sujeto + am / is / are + forma en –ing del verbo principal.

He’s talking to his teacher. Está hablando con su profesora.


I am reading. I’m reading.

He / she / it is reading. He’s / she’s / it’s reading.

You / we / they are reading. You’re / we’re / they’re reading.

Forma negativa: sujeto + am / is / are + not + forma en –ing del verbo principal. Hay dos contracciones posibles:

She isn’t reading a book. / She’s not reading a book. No está leyendo un libro. Forma interrogativa: Am / Is / Are + sujeto + forma en –ing del verbo principal.

Is he looking at us? ¿Nos está mirando?


Afirmativa Negativa

Am I reading? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.

Is he / she / it reading? Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isn’t.

Are you / we / they reading Yes, you / we / they are. No, you / we / they aren’t.

En las respuestas breves afirmativas no se utilizan las formas contractas.

Are you eating? Yes, I am. (NO Yes, I’m). ¿Estás comiendo? No. En la forma negativa de las respuestas breves se pueden utilizar indistintamente ambas contracciones:

Is she playing volleyball? No, she isn’t. / No, she’s not. ¿Está jugando al voleibol? No. Spelling rules: -ing form. Reglas ortográficas: forma –ing del verbo. 1) Con la mayoría de los verbos, se añade –ing al infinitivo. Play / playing – speak / speaking.

2) Los verbos acabados en una –e muda pierden la –e antes de añadir –ing.

Write / writing – dance / dancing.

3) En los monosílabos acabados en una consonante precedida de una vocal, la consonante se

duplica y se añade –ing. Run / running – chat / chatting.

Usos.

El present continuous indica que una acción está ocurriendo mientras se habla. A menudo va

acompañado de expresiones como now (ahora), right now (ahora mismo), at the moment (en este

momento) y today (hoy).

What are you doing at the moment? I’m eating a hamburguer

¿Qué estás haciendo en este momento? Estoy comiendo unahamburguesa.


20

Los verbos que expresan sentimientos y procesos mentales no se suelen utilizar en la forma continua. Son verbos como:

understand (entender) think (pensar) know (saber) remember (recordar) like (gustar) love (amar) hate (odiar) want (querer)

I hate dogs. (NO I’m hating dogs). Odio a los perros. Idon’t know. (NO I’m not knowing). No sé.

Present continuous with future meaning. Presente continuo con valor de futuro.

El present continuous con valor de futuro se utiliza para describir los planes que cada uno tiene para

el futuro inmediato. Este tipo de oraciones suele incluir expresiones temporales. En castellano es

más normal utilizar el present simple para referirse al futuro inmediato.

I’m going to the disco this evening. Esta tarde voy a la discoteca.

Are you coming with us? ¿Vienes con nosotros?

ACTIVITIES

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

1. Choose the correct sentence: a or b

a) The lifeguard is swimming. b) The lifeguard are swimming……………. – a

1) a) I’m not to waiting for a taxi b) I’m not waiting for a taxi. ……………….. ___

2) a) The construction workers are talking b) The contruction workers talking are. …… ___

3) a) My friends and I aren’t watching TV b) My friends and I don’t are watching TV. .. ___

4) a) The waiter is bring our pizza now b) The waiter is bringing our pizz now. ..….. ___

2. Write sentences. Use the present continuous negative.

We / not practise / the violin – We aren’t practising the violin.

1) You / not chat / on the Internet. -………………………………………………………………………

2) The / not do / their homework.- ……………………………………………………………………….

3) You / not listen / to the teacher - ……………………………………………………………………..

4) Daniel / not read / a magazine.- ………………………………………………………………………

5) Helen / not run.- ………………………………………………………………………………………...

3. Write the –ing form.

chat – chatting. play - ………………… start - ……………………

listen - ……………. watch - ……………… study - …………………..

run - ………………. speak - ……………….. wash - …………………..

write - …………….. draw - ………………… swim - …………………..

¡OJO!


21

ACTIVITIES

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

4. Write true sentences. Use the present continuous affirmative or negative.

I / sit / at a desk. – I’m sitting / I’m not sitting at a desk.

1) I / talk / on the phone.- ………………………………………………………………………………..

2) It / rain - …………………………………………………………………………………………………

3) We / listen / to music - …………………………………………………………………………………

4) I / use / a dictionary - …………………………………………………………………………………..

5) I / write / with a pen - …………………………………………………………………………………..

5. Complete the questions and short answers. Use the present continuous.

Is she watching (watch) a film? No, she isn’t.

1) …….. he ………………………. (play) computer games? No, …………………………………….

2) …….. they …………………….. (have) breakfast? Yes, ……………………………………………

3) …….. she ………………………(do) aerobics? No, …………………………………………………

4) …….. you ………………………(wait) for me? No, …………………………………………………

5) …….. it ………………………….(snow) outside? Yes, ……………………………………………..

6. Present continuous with future meaning. Complete the dialogue. Use the present continuous.

Meg What are you doing (you / do) this evening?

Adam I (1) ………………………… (stay) here. Why?

Meg Martin and I (2) …………………………… (go) to the bowling alley. We (3)

……………………………………… (meet) at six o’clock. Do you want to come?

Adam I can’t. I (4) …………………………… (finish) my history project this evening.

Meg Oh, well. Another time maybe.

7. What are you doing after school today? Write five sentences. Use the present continuous.

1) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………


22

1) Andy sometimes ……………………….. comics. (to read)

2) We never …………………………. TV in the morning. (to watch)

3) Listen! Sandy …………………………… in the bathroom. (to sing)

4) My sister usually …………………………….. in the kitchen. (to help)

5) My mother ………………………………. breakfast now. (to make)

6) They often ……………………………….. the bathroom. (to clean)

7) Look! The boys ……………………………. home. (to come)

8) Every day his grandfather ……………………………. for a walk. (to go)

9) I ……………………………….. with my friend at the moment. (to chat)

10) Cats ………………………….. mice. (to eat)

11)


23

CAN / CAN’T

La forma can es la misma para todas las personas.

Afirmativa

Negativa

Interrogativa

Respuestas breves

Afirmativa Negativa

I can dance

You can dance

He can dance

She can dance

It can dance

We can dance

You can dance

They can dance

I can’t dance

You can’t dance

He can’t dance

She can’t dance

It can’t dance

We can’t dance

You can’t dance

They can’t dance

Can I dance?

Can you dance?

Can he dance?

Can she dance?

Can it dance?

Can we dance?

Can you dance?

Can they dance?

Yes, I can

Yes, you can

Yes, he can

Yes, she can

Yes, it can

Yes, we can

Yes, you can

Yes, they can

No, I can’t

No, you can’t

No, he can’t

No, she can’t

No, it can’t

No, we can’t

No, you can’t

No, they can’t

Forma afirmativa: sujeto + can + infinitivo del verbo sin to.

I can play the piano. Yo sé tocar el piano.

Forma negativa: sujeto + can’t (can not) + infinitivo del verbo sin to. En la negativa es más

normal utilizar la forma contracta.

I can’t help you. No puedo ayudarte.

Forma interrogativa: Can + sujeto + infinitivo del verbo sin to.

Can you swim? ¿Sabes nadar?

Con el verbo can nunca se utiliza un auxiliar para forma la negativa o la interrogativa.

I can’t see the blackboard (NO I don’t can see the blackboard). No puedo ver la pizarra.

En las respuestas breves negativas se suele utilizar la forma contracta.

Can Jon ski? No, he can’t. ¿Jon sabe esquiar? No.

Usos.

Can se utiliza para expresar capacidades, posibilidades y habilidades. Se traduce por “poder” o

“saber”.

Can he play the guitar? ¿Sabe tocar la guitarra?

En frases interrogativas y respuestas breves, can también se utiliza para pedir y dar permiso.

Can I go to the cinema tonight? Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

¿Puedo ir al cine esta noche? Sí / No.


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ACTIVITIES

CAN / CAN’T

1. Write questions with can. Then write short answers.

play the piano speak French dance

Joey x x

Ana and Tom x

Joey Can Joey play the piano? No, he can’t

1) ………………………………………………………………………………………

2) ………………………………………………………………………………………

Ana and Tom 3) ………………………………………………………………………………………

4) ………………………………………………………………………………………

5) ………………………………………………………………………………………

2. What can you do? Write true sentences. Use can or can’t.

speak Japanese.- I can’t speak Japanese.

1) Play chess - …………………………………………………………

2) Dance hip-hop - …………………………………………………….

3) Ride a bike - ………………………………………………………...

4) Cook Spanish omelette - …………………………………………..

5) Run very fast - ………………………………………………………

6) Draw very well - …………………………………………………….

3. Write sentences about you and your best friend. Use can or can’t.

Me I can ………………………. and ……………………… I can also …………………

I can’t ………………………… or ………………………….

My best friend My best friend can ……………………… and ………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..


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COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

Comparative adjectives. Adjetivos en grado comparativo.

Spelling rules: comparative forms. Reglas ortográficas: formas comparativas.

1. Si el adjetivo tiene una sola sílaba (short adjective), se añade –er.- tall / taller.

2. Si acaba en una –e muda, se añade –r. – large / larger.

3. Si es un monosílabo y acaba en consonante, precedida de una sola vocal, la consonante final se

duplica y se añade –er. big / bigger.

4. Si acaba en consonante + -y, la –y se transforma en –i y se añader –er. – easy / easier.

5. Si tiene dos o más sílabas (long adjective), se coloca more delante del adjetivo.

important / more important.

Usos. Los adjetivos en grado comparativo se utilizan para comparar dos o más cosas o personas

entre sí. These shoes are big, but those shoes are bigger.

Estos zapatos son grandes, pero esos son más grandes.

Cuando se quiere comparar distintos grados de una cualidad, se utiliza than detrás del adjetivo en grado comparativo.

Jane is taller than Sue. (NO, Jane is taller that Sue). Jane es más alta que Sue.

Superlative adjectives. Adjetivos en grado superlativo.

Sigue las mismas reglas ortográficas que los comparativos pero:

- En los adjetivos cortos (short adjectives) se añade el sujeto –est.

- En los adjetivos largos (long adjectives), se coloca most delante del adjetivo.

El superlativo se forma colocando the delante del adjetivo en grado superlativo.

Big / the biggest rich / the richest important / the most important

Usos. Los adjetivos en grado superlativo se utilizan para comparar tres o más cosas o personas entre sí, cuando se quiere indicar que una es superior o inferior a las demás.

December 21st is the shortest day of the year. El 21 de diciembre es el día más corto del año.

I think Chemistry is the most difficult subject. Creo que Química es la asignatura más difícil.

En el superlativo se pueden construir preguntas con What’s? o Who’s? ¿Cuál es? o ¿Quién es?

What’s the most famous monument in France? ¿Cuál es el monumento más famoso en Francia?

Who’s the best presenter on TV? ¿Quién es el mejor presentador de la tele?

La preposición in se utiliza con el adjetivo en grado superlativo para destacar un miembro del grupo

She’s the richest person in the world. (NO She’s the richest person of the world).

Adjetivos con formas irregulares en el comparativo y superlativo.

Adjetivo Comparativo Superlativo

good better best

bad worse worst

far further furthest

¡OJO!

¡OJO!


26

ACTIVITIES

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

1. Complete the sentences. Use comparatives.

My brother is tall, ,but my sister is taller.

1) Great Britain is large, but Greenland is ………………………….

2) Skateboarding is exciting, but windsurfing is ………………………………..

3) The Sahara Desert is dry, but the Atacama Desert is …………………………….

4) Mulhacén in Spain is high, but Mont Blanc in France is ………………………….

5) London is cold, but Oslo is ………………………………

2. Complete the sentences so that they are true. Use comparatives.

Tom Cruise is richer than my parents. (poor / rich)

1) Seville is …………………………….. London. (cold / hot)

2) Dogs are ……………………………….. bears (small / big)

3) The desert is ……………………………. the rainforest (dry / wet)

4) Giraffes are ……………………………… horses. (short / tall)

5) Spain is ………………………………….. the USA. (small / large)

3. Write the comparative and the superlative of the adjectives.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

near nearer than the nearest

easy

difficult

wide

happy

big

wonderful

cold

hot

good

bad

expensive

4. Write questions about your country. Use superlative adjectives. Then answer the questions

Hot month – Which is the hottest month? July is the hottest month.

1) Long river - ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

2) Modern city - ……………………………………………………………………………………………

3) High mountain - ………………………………………………………………………………………..

4) Important museum - …………………………………………………………………………………...


27

BE: PAST SIMPLE Afirmativa

Negativa

Negativa. Forma contracta

Interrogativa

Respuestas breves

Afirmativa Negativa

I was I was not I wasn’t Was I …? Yes, I was No, I wasn’t

You were You were not You weren’t Were you …? Yes, you were No, you weren’t

He was He was not He wasn’t Was he …? Yes, he was No, he wasn’t

She was She was not She wasn’t Was she …? Yes, she was No, she wasn’t

It was It was not It wasn’t Was it …? Yes, it was No, it wasn’t

We were We were not We weren’t Were we …? Yes, we were No, we weren’t

You were You were not You weren’t Were you …? Yes, you were No, you weren’t

They were They were not They weren’t Were they …? Yes, they were No, they weren’t

At ten o`clock I was at school. A las diez yo estaba en el cole.

Yesterday he wasn’t at the sports centre. Ayer él no estaba en el polideportivo.

They weren’t my parents. No eran mis padres.

Were you in bed at ten o`clock? No, we weren’t. ¿Estábais en la cama a las diez? No.

THERE WAS / THERE WERE (había / hubo)

Afirmativa

Negativa

Interrogativa y respuestas breves

Singular There was… There was not … (There wasn’t …)

Was there …? Yes, there was. No, there wasn’t.

Plural There were… There were not … (There weren’t …)

Were there …? Yes, there were. No, there weren’t.

There was, there wasn’t y Was there…? se utilizan con sustantivos contables en singular y con los

no contables:

There wasn’t a chemist in King Street. No había ninguna farmacia en King Street.

There was some milk in the fridge. Había un poco de leche en la nevera.

Was there any cheese on the table. ¿Había queso encima de la mesa?

There were, there weren’t y Were there …? se utilizan con sustantivos contables en plural:

There were some books on the desk. Había algunos libros encima del escritorio.

There weren’t any children at the museum. No había ningún niño en el museo.

Were there any apples in your bag? ¿Había alguna manzana en tu bolsa?


28

ACTIVITIES BE: PAST SIMPLE. THERE WAS / THERE WERE

1. Complete the sentences. Use the past simple affirmative or negative of be.

I wasn’t at the cinema. I was at home.

1) I’m thirteen now. Las year I …………….. twuelve.

2) It was Sunday so we ……………… at school.

3) They …………………in Rome. They went to Pisa.

4) Our team won so we ………….. happy.

5) The music …………… very loud so I couldn’t sleep.

2. Are these sentences correct (C) or incorrect (I)? Correct the mistakes.

There weren’t a sports programme. - I - There wasn’t a sports programme.

1) There wasn’t any action films - ___ - ………………………………………………………

2) There were two chat shows - ___ - ……………………………………………………....

3) There wasn’t any documentaries - ___ - ……………………………………………………….

4) There weren’t any reality shows. - ___ - ……………………………………………………….

5) There were a romantic comedy. - ___ - ……………………………………………………….

3. Put the words in the correct order to form questions.

horror films / Were / on / there / TV? any – Were there any horror films on TV?

1) talent show / there / a / on / Was / cannel 5? - …………………………………………………….

2) 6:30? / at / cartoons / there / any / Were - ………………………………………………………….

3) a / TV? / there / Was / police drama / on - ………………………………………………………….


29

PAST SIMPLE

Past simple affirmative (regular verbs): sujeto + infinitivo del verbo sin to + -ed

Spelling rules: past simple affirmative (regular verbs).

1. Con la mayoría de los verbos, se añade –ed al infinitivo del verbo sin to.

listen / listened - work / worked

2. Si el verbo acaba en un –e muda, se añade –d.- like / liked - arrive / arrived.

3. Si acaba en consonante +y, la y se transforma en –i y se añade –ed.

worry / worried – study / studied

4. Los verbos que terminan en –y no duplican la consonante final. – play / played

5. Si el verbo acaba en una consonante, precedida de una sola vocal, se duplica la última

consonante y se añade –ed. - stop / stopped – chat / chatted.

Past simple affirmative (irregular verbs): sujeto + forma verbal irregular de pasado

(ver lista de verbos irregulares).- go / went – see / saw – drink / drank – have / had.

Past simple negative: sujeto + didn’t (did not) + infinitivo del verbo sin to.

She didn’t finish her breakfast.- No terminó el desayuno.

Past simple interrogative: Did + sujeto + infinitivo del verbo sin to.

Did you see the match on Saturday? ¿Viste el partido el sábado?

Afirmativa

Negativa

Negativa. Forma contracta

Interrogativa

Respuestas breves

Afirmativa Negativa

I studied I did not study I didn’t study Did I study? Yes, I did No, I didn’t

You studied You did not study You didn’t study Did you study? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t

He studied He did not study He didn’t study Did he study? Yes, he did No, he didn’t

She studied She did not study She didn’t study Did she study? Yes, she did No, she didn’t

It studied It did not study It didn’t study Did it study? Yes, it did No, it didn’t

We studied We did not study We didn’t study Did we study? Yes, we did No, we didn’t

You studied You did not study You didn’t study Did you study? Yes, you did No, you didn’t

They studied They did not study They didn’t study Did they study? Yes, they did No, they didn’t

Usos.

El past simple se utiliza para hablar de acciones que ocurrieron en un momento determinado del pasado. Las expresiones de tiempo fijan la acción en un momento concreto:

last night (anoche) yesterday (ayer) last year (el año pasado)

when I was young (cuando era joven) in 1998 (en 1998)

I went to the cinema last night. Anoche fui al cine.

We played football yesterday. Ayer estuvimos jugando al fútbol.

She went to the beach last year. El año pasado fue a la playa.

When I was young I had a scooter. Cuando era joven tenía una motocicleta.

In 2008, the Olympics were in Beijing, China. Las Olimpiadas de 2008 se celebraron en Beijing, China


30

ACTIVITIES

PAST SIMPLE

1. Complete the text. Use the past simple affirmative of the regular and irregular verbs in the

box.

Yesterday evening, I had dinner, (1) ………………… my homework and (2) ………………………

computer games. Then I (3) ……………………. my friends at (4) …………………… and danced.

We (5) …………………… the disco at eleven o’clock but we missed the last bus so we (6)

…………………….. home. I (7) ………………….. to bed at midnight.

2. Make these sentences negative. Then write questions and short answers.

I bought a DVD yesterday – I didn’t buy a DVD yesterday.

Did you buy a DVD yesterday? No, I wasn’t.

1) He had salad for dinner. - ……………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………...

2) She met her friends at the cinema. - ……………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………...

3) Cervantes wrote Hamlet. - ……………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………...

4) Ben won €2,000 on the game show.- ……………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………...

5) I left my bag at home. - ……………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………...

6) Liam went shopping yesterday. - ………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………..

7) I saw Justin Bieber at the disco. - ………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………..

3. Complete the questions. Use the past simple.

What did you do yesterday? I went shopping in London.

1) What ………………………………………..? - I bought some clothes.

2) Where ………………………………………? - I had lunch in Notting Hill. I saw some famous people.

3) Who …………………………………………? - I saw Hugh Grant and Julia Robers.

4) When ………………………………………..? - I got home at nine o´clock.

chat / do / go / have / leave / meet / walk / play


31

PAST CONTINUOUS Forma afirmativa: sujeto + was / were / forma en –ing del verbo principal.

Las night I was reading a magazine. Anoche estuve leyendo una revista. Yesterday you were swimming. Ayer estuvisteis nadando.

Forma negativa: sujeto + was / were + not + forma en –ing del verbo principal. I wasn’t doing my homework. No estaba haciendo los deberes. They weren’t playing chess. No estaban jugando al ajedrez.

Forma afirmativa Forma negativa Forma contracta

I / he / she / it was eating I / he / she / it was not eating I / he / she / it wasn’t eating

You / we / they were eating You / we / they were not eating You / we / they weren’t eating

Forma interrogativa: Was / Were + sujeto + forma en –ing del verbo principal.

Were you buying a book for your brother? ¿Estabas comprando un libro para tu hermano? Was she dancing at the disco? ¿Estaba bailando en la discoteca?

En las respuestas breves negativas se suelen utilizar las formas contractas:

Were you listening to the news? No, I wasn’t. ¿Estabas escuchando las noticias? No.


Afirmativa Negativa

Was I / he / she / it eating? Yes, I /he / she / it was. No, I / he / she / it wasn’t.

Were you / we / they eating? Yes, you / we / they were. No, you / we / they weren’t.

Usos El past continuous se utiliza para hablar de algo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento determinado del pasado. At six o’clock yerterday morning I was sleeping. Ayer a las seis de la mañana estaba durmiendo. Este tiempo verbal también se utiliza para referirse a una acción prolongada que tuvo lugar en el pasado. I was watching films all day yesterday. Ayer me pasé todo el día viendo películas. Past simple and past continuous. A menudo utilizamos el past simple con el past continuous para describir una acción breve que sucedió mientras se estaba desarrollando otra más larga. I was looking at the magazines when I saw Helen. Estaba mirando las revistas cuando vi a Helen.

It was raining when I left school. Estaba lloviendo cuando salí del colegio.

Past time expressions.

Last night. Anoche Last summer. El verano pasado.

Last Friday. El viernes pasado Yesterday. Ayer.

Last week. La semana pasada. The day before yesterday. Anteayer.

Last weekend. El pasado fin de semana. All day yesterday. Ayer todo el día.

Last month. El mes pasado. Yesterday afternoon. Ayer por la tarde.

Last May. El pasado mes de mayo. Yesterday morning. Ayer por la mañana.

Last year. El año pasado. For hours. Durante horas.


32

ACTIVITIES

PAST CONTINUOUS

1. Write sentences. Use past simple of be and de past continuous.

At ten o`clock…

Rita: at home, play chess – Rita was at home. She was playing chess.

1) Greg: at the beach, swim - ……………………………………………………………………………

2) Peter and Zoë: in the park, run - ……………………………………………………………………..

3) Debbie: at school, do an exam - ……………………………………………………………………..

4) Ric and Ella: in a café, have lunch - …………………………………………………………………

5) Tim: at the baker’s, buy bread - ……………………………………………………………………...

2. Complete the text. Use the past continuous affirmative and negative.

I was walking (walk) in the park with Tom.

We (1) ……………………………………………… (chat) about school. It was warm but the sun

(2) …………………………………… (not shine). Suddenly, it started to rain. We (3) ……………..

........................................... (not carry) umbrellas so we ran home. But we didn’t have a key and

Mum and Dad weren’t at home – they (4) …………………………………. (work). It (5) ………….

…………………………... (rain) hard so we got really wet!

3. Put the words in the correct order to make questions about yesterday. Then write short

answers.

Studying / you / at 9:00 / were/ ? (No) – Were you studying at 9:00? No, I wasn’t.

1) at 11:00 / dancing / were / you / ? (No) - ……………………………………………………

2) was / shining / the sun / ? (Yes) - ……………………………………………………………

3) having / at 8:00 / you / were / dinner / ? (No) - …………………………………………….

4) wearing / you / were / jeans / ? (Yes) - ……………………………………………………..

4. Write sentences. Choose the correct order for the verbs. Use the past simple and the past

continuous.

I was waiting for the bus when I saw John. (see / wait)

1) Ed …………………………… his homework when his friends …………………… (do / arrive)

2) We ………………………………. tennis when it …………………………… to rain (play / start)

3) She …………………………… in England when she ……………….her boyfriend (meet / live)

4) You …………………………… very fast when you …………………. an accident (have / drive)

5) We ………………………….... a film when we ………………. your text message (watch / get)


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COULD / COULDN’T

Afirmativa Negativa Formas contractas

I could read I could not read I couldn’t read

You could read You could not read You couldn’t read

He could read He could not read He couldn’t read

She could read She could not read She couldn’t read

It could read It could not read It couldn’t read

We could read We could not read We couldn’t read

You could read You could not read You couldn’t read

They could read They could not read They couldn’t read

I could write when I was three. A los tres años ya sabía escribir. I couldn’t hear you. No podía oírte.


Afirmativa Negativa

Could I read? Yes, I could. No, I couldn’t

Could you read? Yes, you could. No, you couldn’t

Could he read? Yes, he could. No, he couldn’t

Could she read? Yes, she could. No, she couldn’t

Could it read? Yes, it could. No, It couldn`t

Could we read? Yes, we could. No, we couldn’t

Could you read? Yes, you could. No, you couldn’t

Could they read? Yes, they could. No, they couldn’t

Could you talk when you were two? Yes, I could. / No, I couldn’t. ¿Sabías hablar cuando tenías dos años? Sí. / No.

Usos.

Could y couldn’t son formas del pasado de can y can’t. Expresan la capacidad de hacer algo en

el pasado, y se traducedn por “poder / no poder” o “saber / no saber”.

He could swim when he was four. Con cuatro años ya sabía nadar. I couldn’t speak English when I was young. Cuando era joven no sabía hablar inglés.


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ACTIVITIES

COULD / COULDN’T

1. Write quetions and short answers.

ride a bike / you / seven (yes) – Could you ride a bike when you were seven? Yes, I could.

1) read / you / two (no) - ……………………………………………………………………………….

2) swim / you / six (yes) - ………………………………………………………………………………

3) play the guitar / you / four (no) - ……………………………………………………………………

2. Fill in the blanks below to complete the sentences. Use can / can’t / could / couldn’t

1. I ___________ go to the party last night because I was sick.

2. A: ___________ Noel cook Italian food? B: Yes, he ___________.

3. My sister ___________ swim last year, but now she ___________.

4. They ___________ go shopping yesterday because the store was closed.

5. A: ___________ you read when you were four years old? B: Yes, I __________.

6. Ellie ___________ ride a bicycle. She rides it to school every day.

7. I’m very tired, so I ___________ go out to the park to play.

8. A: ___________ you see the moon last night? B: No, I ___________.

9. When ___________ I talk to you about the company report?

10. Most dinosaurs walked on land, but some ___________ fly or even swim.

11. Excuse me, I ___________ hear you right now. The music is too loud.

12. I ___________ drive a truck when I was only sixteen years old.

13. Douglas hit the tree because he ___________ stop his car.

14. How many hot dogs ___________ you eat at one time?

15. I ___________ read without my reading glasses. Where are they?


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PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

Las preposiciones de lugar se utilizan para expresar dónde se encuentra una persona o cosa.

behind detrás (de The bike is behind the tree La bici está detrás del árbol.

in en (dentro de) The book is in my bag. El libro está en mi bolsa.

in front of delante de Carlos is sitting in front of Verónica. Carlos está sentado delante de Verónica.

next to al lado de The park is next to my school. El parque está al lado de mi colegio.

on En, sobre,encima de The computer is on the table. El ordenador está encima de la mesa.

under debajo de The shoes are under the bed. Los zapatos están debajo de la cama.

ACTIVITIES


I’m sitting on / under the chair.

1) The book is in / next to the ruler.

2) The tree is on / behind the house.

3) The car is in front of / in the bus.

2. Look at the picture and write ten sentences. Use the prepositions of place.

The lamp is on the table.

1) ………………………………………………………….

2) ………………………………………………………….

3) ………………………………………………………….

4) ………………………………………………………….

5) ………………………………………………………….

6) ………………………………………………………….

7) ………………………………………………………….

8) ………………………………………………………….

9) ………………………………………………………….

10) ………………………………………………………….


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PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND MOVEMENT

IN, ON and AT se utilizan para hablar de lugares:

Utilizamos in cuando nos referimos a espacios cerrados (rooms, buildings…) y áreas

delimitadas (towns, parks, countries, continents…):

In my pocket. En mi bolsillo. / In her car. En su coche. / In Germany. En Alemania.

Utilizamos on con superficies (walls, floors, shelves…) y líneas (paths, coast, the equator…):

On the grass. En el césped. / On the sea. En el mar. / On the third floor. En el tercer piso /

On the line. En la línea.

Usamos at con un punto concreto (at the bus stop…) y cuando nos referimos a un edificio tanto

a su interior como a su exterior:

A: Let’s meet at the cinema.

B: Ok. Shall we meet in the cinema itself or on the pavement outside?

MORE PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE.

There is a woman in the phone box. Hay una mujer en la cabina de teléfonos. There are people outside the cinema. Hay personas fuera del cine. The people are on the pavement. La gente está en la acera. There is a clock above the cinema entrance. Hay un reloj por encima de la entrada del cine. The cinema entrance is under the clock. La entrada del cine está debajo del reloj. The bank is next to / beside the cinema. El banco está al lado del cine. The phone box is opposite the cinema. La cabina de teléfono está frente al cine. The bank is between the cinema and the café. El banco está entre el cine y la cafetería. There is a hill behind the town. Hay una montaña detrás de la ciudad. The car is in front of the bank. El coche está delante del banco. INTO, ONTO and TO se utilizan para hablar de movimientos y sus opuestos son OUT OF, OFF and FROM: We moved the chairs into my bedroom. / We moved the chairs out of my bedroom. Metimos las sillas en mi habitación. / Sacamos las sillas de mi habitación. The actor ran onto the stage. / The actor ran off the stage. El actor entró en escena. / El actor salió de escena. They walked to the next town. / We drove from London to Edimburgh. Caminamos hasta la siguiente ciudad. / Condujimos desde Londres hasta Edimburgo.


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MORE PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT. They ran across the field to the road. Corrieron a través del campo hasta la carretera. Jim cycled along the road to the next town. Jim fue en bici por el camino hasta la siguiente ciudad. I walked up the hill and ran down the other side. Subí andando hasta la cima y bajé corriendo por el otro lado. The bus went past the bus stop without stopping. El autobús fue más allá de la parada de autobús sin parar. The train goes through three tunnels. El tren pasa por tres túneles.


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ACTIVITIES

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND MOVEMENT


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COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable and uncountable nouns.

Los sustantivos contables son aquellos que se pueden contar. Tienen una forma para el singular y otra para el plural, y el verbo de la oración concuerda con ellos en número.

The tomatoes are in the fridge. Los tomates están en la nevera.

The apple is in my bag. La manzana está en mi bolsa.

Delante de los sustantivos contables se utilizan los artículos a / an y the o un numeral.

a lemon the lemon two lemons

Los sustantivos incontables no se pueden contar. No tienen forma de plural. El verbo que los acompaña siempre va en singular.

bread (NO two breads)

The bread is on the table. El pan está encima de la mesa.

Los sustantivos incontables no pueden ir precedidos del artículo a / an, ni tampoco de un numeral.

milk (NO one milk)

Los sustantivos se suelen referir a conceptos inmateriales como la vida (life) y el amor (love), bien a cosas que no se pueden contar por unidades: agua (water), pan (bread), arroz (rice), leche (milk). Pero se habla de vasos o litros de agua, barras de pan, granos de arroz, cajas de leche…

There is (hay) se utiliza con los sustantivos incontables.

There’s some orange juice in the bottle. Hay un poco de zumo de naranja en la botella.

Rebanada de pan – slice of bread Loncha de jamón – slice of ham

Barra de pan – loaf of bread. Plato de sopa – bowl of soup

Tableta de chocolate – chocolate bar Onza de chocolate – chocolate ounce

Filete de ternera – fillet of beef Chuleta de cordero – mutton chop

Taza de café – cup of coffee. Botella de agua – water bottle.

Tarrina de mantequilla – tub of butter Cartón (tetrabrik) de leche – milk carton.


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ACTIVITIES

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

1. Write C (countable) or U (uncountable).

Bike C

1) money ___ 4) T-shirt ___

2) fruit ___ 5) coffee ___

3) film ___ 6) car ___

2. Complete the sentences with the words from exercise 1. Use a / an where necessary.

I want a bike so I can go cycling.

1) My parents gave me …………………….. for my birthday so I’m going to buy a new phone.

2) I always have …………………….. coffee with milk.

3) My sister can drive …………………….

4) Our local shop sells fresh …………………….

5) I saw ………………………. on TV last night.

6) It’s hot today so I’m wearing ………………………

3. Write C (countable) or U (uncountable).

1) Beans ___ 11) Brown bread ___

2) Butter ___ 12) eggs ___

3) Grapes ___ 13) lettuce ___

4) Macaroni ___ 14) olive oil ___

5) Onions ___ 15) oysters ___

6) Pears ___ 16) salmon ___

7) Rice ___ 17) turkey ___

8) Walnuts ___ 18) apricot ___

9) Chicken ___ 19) yoghurt ___

10) Ice cream ___ 20) beef ___


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SOME AND ANY. HOW MANY / HOW MUCH…?

Some and any.

Some y any se utilizan con sustantivos tanto contables como incontables.

There’s some pasta for lunch. Hay pasta para comer.

There aren’t any shoes in my size. No hay zapatos de mi talla.

Some se utiliza en oraciones afirmativas. Con los sustantivos en plural se traduce por “unos / unas / algunos / algunas”, mientras que su traducción es “un poco de / algo de” con los sustantivos incontables.

He’s got some books. Tiene unos / algunos libros.

Is there any lemonade in the fridge? ¿Hay (algo de) limonada en la nevera?

Sustantivos incontables Sustantivos contables

Afirmativa There’s some water. There are some bananas.

Negativa There isn’t any water. There aren’t any bananas.

Interrogativa Is there any water? Are there any bananas?

Any se utiliza en las oraciones negativas e interrogativas.

En las oraciones negativas any acompaña a sustantivos contables en plural y sustantivos incontables. Se traduce por “ningún / ninguna” o “nada de”. We haven’t got any carrots. No tenemos zanahorias / ninguna zanahoria. There isn’t any money in the wallet. No hay (nada de) dinero en la cartera.

En las oraciones interrogativas any acompaña a sustantivos contables en plural y sustantivos incontables. Su traducción es “algunos / algunas” o “algo de”. Are there any supermarkets near here? ¿Hay supermercados / algún supermercado por aquí cerca? Is there any lettuce in that sandwhich? ¿Ese sándwich lleva (algo de) lechuga?

En las oraciones interrogativas se utiliza any, pero cuando se ofrece o se pide algo también se puede utilizar some.

Do you want some sandwhiches? ¿Queréis unos sándwiches? Would you like some water? ¿Le apetece (un poco de) agua? Can I have some bread, please? ¿Me trae (un poco de) pan, por favor?

How many / How much…?

How much? significa “¿Cuánto/a?”. Sólo se utiliza con los sustantivos incontables. How much money have you got? ¿Cuánto dinero tienes?

How many? significa “¿Cuántos/as?”. Sólo se utiliza con los sustantivos contables en plural. How many magazines did she buy? ¿Cuántas revistas compró?

¡OJO!


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ACTIVITIES

SOME AND ANY. HOW MANY / HOW MUCH …? 1. Choose the correct options.

There isn’t some / any pasta.

1) We visited some / any museums on holiday.

2) I saw some / any lions at the zoo.

3) Did you buy some / any books last month?

4) I haven’t got some / any biscuits.

5) We’re making some / any salad.

2. Complete the questions. Use How many / How much …?

How much chicken is there?

1) …………………………… people are there at the party?

2) …………………………… time have we got?

3) …………………………… tea do you want?

4) …………………………… students are there?

5) …………………………… homework have you got?

3. Look at the fridge and write sentences. Use there is / are / isn’t / aren’t and a / some / any.

Carrot - There is a carrot

1) Pizza - …………………………………….

2) Rice - ……………………………………...

3) Orange juice - ……………………………

4) Ham - ……………………………………..

5) Apple - …………………………………..

6) Pears - ……………………………………

7) Milk - ………………………………………

8) Hamburguer - …………………………….

9) Ice-cream - ……………………………….

10) Peppers - …………………………………

11) Jam - ………………………………………

12) Tomatoes - ………………………………..


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MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF / LOTS OF / FEW / LITTLE


46

ACTIVITIES

MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF / LOTS OF / FEW / LITTLE

1. This bag is very heavy because it has got __________ books in it.

A) a little B) a lot of C) a few

2. Meral and Ahmet have got _________ friends from America.

A) any B) much C) a few

3. Have we got _________milk in the fridge, mother?

A) many B) a few C) any

4. How ______money have you got in your purse?

A) many B) any C) much

5. My mother has got _________ friends.

A) a little B) a lot of C) much

6. We have got ________ apples and ________ oranges in the fridge.

A) a little / some B) many / a little C) a few / some

7. Are there ________ children in the school garden?

A) a little B) any C) much

8. My teacher hasn’t got _________ 6th grade student this year.

A) some B) any C) a few

9. Sam, ____ there _____ milk in the fridge?

A) are / any B) is / any C) is / a few

10. How _______ cheese has she got in the basket?

A) many B) much C) any

11. There are _______ English teachers at this school this year.

A) many B) much C) a little

12. We haven’t got ______ toothpaste but we have got _______ toothbrushes.

A) some / some B) some / any C) any / some


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GRAMMAR BANK I - avionesdepapel - Wikispaces write short answers. you / have / a twin sister ... Majadahonda GRAMMAR BANK I 10 ACTIVITIES PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. INDEFINITE