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Presentation for Architecture in Developing Countries Studies, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 2010
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THE GRAMEEN
BANK
HOUSING
LOAN
PROJECT
BANGLADESHMicro Credit Housing System for the
Landless Rural Poor
CONTEXT
Bangladesh
•2nd poorest country in the world.
•85% (of 11 million population) live in
rural areas.
•60% are landless.
•Per capita income in 2008 was USD520.
(compared to the world average of
USD10,200)
•Health problems ranging from surface
water contamination to arsenic
contamination of ground water.
•Diseases including malaria,
leptospirosis and dengue.
•Prone to natural disaster such as
cyclone, flood and cyclone.
vulnerable community
the house
•Agricultural labors
•Farmers
•Small-scale
trading (informal)
the land
GRAMEEN BANK HOUSING LOAN PROJECT
Purpose
Giving some of the poorest members
of the rural community the means
and materials of improved housing.
Inception
1984
Numbers of Houses Built
59,000 in 13,000 various villages
Success Measure
Recovery rate is close to 100%
Aga Khan Award for Architecture 1989
Nobel Peace Prize 2006
Improved Health
Improved Security
Improved Well-being
“poverty is unnecessary”
Muhammad Yunus, Director of Grameen Bank
GRAMEEN BANK HOUSING LOAN PROJECT
Housing Loan Program
Set up in 1976 to help combat poverty
and problems of the rural landless poor.
•Most often face the greatest difficulty
in surviving
•Typically live in small shelters with
minimum protection
•Vulnerable community and living
under the poverty line
Objective
Provide appropriate financial support and
coordination.
To help the poor and landless to find self-
employment without needing
government’s welfare or assistance.
LIVING CONDITION
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
Grameen Bank
Bangladesh
with support
from the
International
Fund for
Agricultural
Development
Rome
An experimentbased on the belief
that the rurallandless poor can
repay loans,provided that the
terms andconditions are
realistically withintheir reach.
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Grameen Bank
Loanee #1 Loanee #2 Loanee #3 Loanee #4 Loanee #5
Loan/ Credit with InterestPeer Group Pressure/
Collective Responsibility
(One-year period repayment,
determined by borrower)(Weekly installment of 2%)
Group #1 Group #2 Group #3 Group #4 Group #5
Forming a Center
(Weekly group meeting: the bank goes to them)
NEW HOUSING CONCEPT
RoofMade of corrugatedaluminum forpermanency and easyassembly
RC ColumnsSecure attachmentfor supportingplatforms forvaluables and roof
Main StructureIn the case of seriousland erosion, may belifted out to move thehouse
Land OwnershipIn the borrower’sname and can be
bought with loan fromGrameen Bank
House’s SkinBamboo - material
familiar to work withand easy to transport
(using boat, cart,rickshaw) - coated
with bitumen or paint
Infill StructureTimber rafter, purlin
and lintels- locallyavailable material and
easy to work with
House BaseRaised concrete ormud base to avoidtermite attack andprotection from flood
DRAWINGS
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Forming a
group of 5
Training on
Grameen’s
policies
InterviewGive loan to
2 members
Ineligibility of
group until
loan is repaid
Give loan
to other 2
members
Give loan to
last
remaining
person
Mapping Construction Documents Prepare Structural Components
2. Project Implementation
1. Loan Giving
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Erection of Main Frames Prepare Wall Panels
Completed Main Structure Prepare Latrines Completed House
Base Construction
PRODUCT AND PROJECT SIGNIFICANCE
The Housing Loan Program of
Grameen Bank made a significant
impact on the lives of its landless
borrowers in terms of restoring
confidence and human dignity.
They can now feel their existence
as human beings. With their new
land and home, they now feel a
strong sense of protection and
endeavor to build a decent life for
themselves.
The program is being seen as an
investment for good health and
well-being for humanity.
LESSON LEARNT
1. Investing some portion of capital, giving
loan to groups of poor people and choosing
appropriate interest rate are crucial for the
implementation of the program.
2. Housing has increased the capacity of the
beneficiaries thus increases the productive
capacity of the community.
3. Understanding of the behavioral aspect of
the community is very important to respond
to their needs.
4. Supports and helps must not be a fully-
funded charity but must be repaid. This is to
ensure progressive development for the
loanees.
5. Poverty must be combated with support, not
charity.
REFERENCES
1. Chandra, D., The Experience of Grameen Bank Housing Program,
Grameen Bank, Dhaka, 1999.
2. Hosseini, N., Breaking The Vicious Cycle of Poverty - Micro Lending,
16th MIT-UAlbany-WPI System Dynamics PhD Colloquium, University at
Albany, New York, 2008.
3. Frampton,K. (et al.), Modernity and Community: Architecture in the
Islamic World, Aga Khan Awards for Architecture, Thames & Hudson,
London, 2001.
4. Karyono, T.H., Seputar Permasalahan Arsitektur Kota Tropis Dunia
Ketiga, Penerbit CV Tehaka Arkita, Jakarta, 2005.
5. www.archnet.org
6. www.grameen-info.org
7. www.muhammadyunus.org