GrainSearch Trial Booklet 2011 - 12

Trial Booklet 2011/2012

Disclaimer: The information contained in this document is from official and other sources and is considered reliable. It is provided in good faith and every care has been taken to ensure its accuracy. GrainSearch does not accept any responsibility for the consequences of any decision based on this information.

GrainSearch Trial Booklet 2011/2012

GRAINSEARCH PTY LTD

ABN 33 100 060 795

Trial Booklet 2011/12

For seed enquiries call 03 5331 4943 4 | www.grainsearch.com.au


Contents

Chairman’s Report ........................................................................................................ 5

Trial Interpretation ........................................................................................................ 7

Early Generation Barley Trial - Inverleigh ..................................................................... 8

SFS Wheat Variety Trial - Summary ............................................................................. 13

Revenue Wheat – Meeting the needs of Australia’s mixed farming enterprises. ...... 16

Barley Variety Trial - Inverleigh ................................................................................... 19

Westminster Barley – Grazing Case Study .................................................................. 23

Barley Variety Trial – Lake Bolac ................................................................................. 27

Syngenta Plant Growth Regulator Trial ....................................................................... 32

Inverleigh Rainfall Data 2011 ...................................................................................... 34

Lake Bolac Rainfall Data 2011 ..................................................................................... 34

Inverleigh & Lake Bolac Soil Test Data ........................................................................ 35

GrainSearch Partnerships ............................................................................................ 36

Seed available through GrainSearch Affiliates ............................................................ 37



Chairman’s Report Welcome to the 3rd official GrainSearch trail results

booklet, reporting on the outcomes of 2011/12.

Another season and another set of challenges for

GrainSearch and farmers to contemplate. Entering the

sowing season with a full profile and several

knockdowns was an unusual experience for most, but

provide the perfect opportunity for many growers to

establish some of the longer season varieties. However

the moisture presented many new challenges from

slugs to traction, just to name a few. A drier spell

through August and September was concerning, with

below average rainfall for most. Although some late

October storms and good November rains for many

provided a reasonable finish that many growers so

desperately needed.

With a relatively normal season, GrainSearch has had the opportunity to conduct more

extensive trailing to evaluate the performance of both new and existing material. From the

tried and tested Beaufort to another new malt variety (SYN 937-5 “SY RATTLER”) and many

other new potential lines in the system. Overall it has been a productive year with some very

pleasing results for growers and also many exceptional results for GrainSearch varieties within

independent trials throughout this region and beyond.

As expected Revenue continued to shine, topping most trials with some amazing performance

across all sites. More importantly it has again exceed all expectation in the paddock, with

growers very satisfied and in many cases surprised by the overall yields achieved this season.

Despite being released for several years now, Beaufort still keeps on performing. Stem rust can

present challenges if left untreated in this variety. However, most of us are running a two

spray fungicide regime to manage disease risk and not running into too many problems.

Beaufort offers a shorter season alternative that will still produce well in excess of many other

wheat’s currently on the market.

Starmalt is another quite achiever that we will continue to work with over the coming years,

We have been evaluating this variety with malt houses for some time. This shorter season

variety has performed exceptionally well again this year and offers growers the opportunity to

spring sow a higher yielding malt barley. Head retention can be an issue if not harvested early

or windrowing as an alternative to avoid this, but either way Starmalt has been a standout in



later sown areas this year. Starmalt presents a unique opportunity to manage those paddocks

with resistance problems.

Another very important development for GrainSearch in 2011 has been the continued

evolution of Westminster barley both through advanced malt evaluation and more

importantly for growers. Westminster has been an exciting prospect for the organisation for a

few years now, excelling in trials and showing very positive results in micro malting trials

conducted by the major malt houses in 2010. Larger scale malt evaluation trails in 2011,

further strengthened Westminster’s chances of full accreditation with pleasing results despite

the rain affected grain from last year’s harvest. 2011 marked the official release of

Westminster, with approximately 500MT of seed produced and sold. From all reports

Westminster has again exceeded farmer expectation in the field. Growers that I personally

spoke to along with many the GrainSearch team have been in contact with, have been pleased

and excited with the prospects of this new barley. Independent trail results have verified and

supported our expectation, making Westminster the future of malt barley in South Eastern

Australia.

Previously I have spoken about the importance of GrainSearch, solely as the only grower based

organisation that has the primary focus of developing new varieties for growers in Southern

Australia. One issue that GrainSearch faces every year is the collection of End Point Royalty’s

(EPR). This funding mechanism is vital to the survival and growth of any seed based royalty

business. GrainSearch’s primary goal is to provide new and novel germplasm (varieties) that

improve the sustainability and profitability of growers. We seek to trial and commercially

implement varieties that are suited to your region. If we are to continue to develop and

commercialise new and improved varieties for growers then we need the commitment from

all to honour the licensing agreement entered into at the point of sale. The future of this

business and the commitment that we have to your region is only possible if it is commercially

viable.

GrainSearch have a big year ahead with a large pipeline of new material earmarked for field

evaluation in 2012. Whilst GrainSearch will continue to focus on the HRZ of Australia, we will

also pay more attention to main stream growing regions. The addition of shorter season

milling wheat material along with a solid pipeline of longer season wheat and barley material,

along with an ever expanding trial network presents a dynamic future for GrainSearch over the

coming years.

Regards,

Warwick Read GrainSearch Chairman



Trial Interpretation GrainSearch is proud to present our 2011/12 trial booklet, with another trying year behind us we are pleased to have put together a good summary of potential lines coming through the system. This year’s trial booklet takes a slightly different approach to previous editions. Whilst we would like to showcase our new experimental lines, we believe it is also beneficial for growers and members/shareholders to understand how to get the best out of our varieties. We have put together some case studies, along with management guidelines, to assist in improving your returns from GrainSearch varieties. To ensure you get the most out of the trial booklet I suggest you take a few minutes to read the trial

interpretation section to understand some of the terminology. It is critically important when you

are reviewing these results that you keep in mind that we are dealing with just one year’s data and

that it is important you consider the results with other information that you might have at your

disposal.

You will see many tables of information that basically support the ‘Take Home Messages’, which are

highlighted at the start of each section. It is advisable that you review the Tables along with the

Results Summary of each section to get a better feel for what happened within the trial. The Trial

Design and Inputs section at the end of the trial write-up is there to provide detail on how the trials

were managed. This section will allow you to better understand some of the trial data and ratings.

Within most of the Tables, particularly those discussing yield and grain quality, there are a few

statistical terms which you need to have a basic understanding of to interpret these results. The

following is a brief description.

CV : This is short for Co-efficient of Variation. The lower the number, the more reliability you can

place on the results. Any CV below 10 is good, a CV below 8 is very good and anything below 5 is

excellent. Any CV above 10 needs to be considered carefully as this indicated marked variation

throughout the trial.

LSD (P=0.05) is short for Least Significant Difference. If for example we have a number of varieties of

varying yield and the LSD (P=0.05) = 0.345 for yield, then in order for us to be 95% confident the

yield of a variety is any better or worse than any other, there needs to be at least a difference of

0.345 T/Ha between the varieties. Treatment means are followed by a sequence of letters to help

you determine if one variety significantly differs from another. Any two treatment means followed

by the same letter are not significantly different.

Site Mean is the average of the particular measurement taken within the trial. There may be a

column within some Tables that gives say the yield of each variety as a percentage of the Site Mean

Yield. A number say of 105% for variety, means that it yielded 5% better than the average.

We are pleased to present the 2010/11 GrainSearch Trial booklet and hope the following

information can assist you in making variety selections in 2011/12.



Early Generation Barley Trial - Inverleigh Trial Background and Objectives The early generation barley trial is established to trial new breeding lines from the Syngenta Barley Breeding program. These lines are breed from a combination of European and Australian genetics. These lines are breed and selected through gene marker technology for yield, disease resistance and malt quality prior to entering quarantine in Australia. The early generation barley trial is the first time these lines are seen in field trials. The aim of this trial is to select the best of each family of crosses to continue into replicated trialing. Selections are made based on disease resistance, maturity, yield, malt quality, crop height, lodging resistance and head loss.

Take Home Messages

Trial quality was exceptional with excellent establishment and even plant populations.

Several lines with similar maturity to Gairdner showed exceptional yield potential under the same management practice. The highest yielding lines yielded in excess of 9t/ha.

These results are based on one replicate, and should be considered with care.

The disease resistance of many of these lines was far superior to current commercial varieties.

Dry conditions throughout Aug/Sep resulted in the trial maturing rapidly. Given the rapid development of this trial, grain quality was excellent.

Results Summary This trial was sown at the SFS site at Inverleigh on the 26 May 2011, into a well prepared moist friable seedbed. We saw excellent establishment and very even plant numbers at this site, setting the scene for an excellent quality trial. Despite a dry spell through August and September Inverleigh was a high yielding site with a site mean yield of 6.85 t/ha. To simplify the interpretation of trial results from this site we have removed the majority of the experimental lines from the data set, leaving only the lines that will continue to replicated trials along with commercial varieties. The trial was treated with two half rates of Prosaro throughout the growing season to allow susceptible varieties to exhibit disease symptoms. Lines that showed susceptibility to one or more major diseases were culled from the program. Table 1 gives a detailed picture of the yield and agronomic performance from this site. Yield is displayed as both raw data and as a % of the control varieties (Gairdner, Bulouke & Hindmarsh). Note: This data is based on single replicates and should be considered with care.



Table 1: Early Generation barley trial yield and agronomic information

Variety Cereal Yield

t/ha, 5/12/2011

GS99

Cereal Yield

% of

Bulouke,

Gairdner &

Hindmarsh

Seedling

Vigour, 1-5,

6/7/2011,

GS10 - 19

Crop

Maturity,

Days,

GS50 - 59

Maturity

c/w

Gairdner

Crop Height

(cm),

5/12/2011, GS90-

99

Cereal Lodging,

1-9, 5/12/2011,

GS90-99

4081-02-2 9.57 134.1 4 122 -1 72 1

4117-09-1 9.15 128.3 4.5 123 0 75 1

4081-02-1 8.92 125.0 3.5 122 -1 74 1

4117-13-2 8.91 124.8 3 124 1 69 1

4117-07-1 8.86 124.1 4 123 0 71 1

4117-05-2 8.77 122.9 4 123 0 69 1

4117-03-2 8.70 121.9 4 115 -8 85 2

4117-16-2 8.65 121.3 3.5 124 1 64 1

4134-06-1 8.24 115.4 3.5 122 -1 72 1

4134-05-2 8.17 114.5 4 121 -2 67 1

4113-08-2 8.16 114.4 4 122 -1 78 1

4122-03-1 8.10 113.5 3 122 -1 79 1

4122-01-1 8.01 112.2 3 122 -1 77 1

4134-02-2 7.62 106.8 3.5 117 -6 70 1

4095-06-1 7.62 106.8 4.5 119 -4 73 1

2693-05-2 7.56 105.9 3.5 118 -5 78 1

2693-03-1 7.51 105.3 3.5 117 -6 67 1

4076-10-1 7.40 103.7 4 117 -6 67 1

Hindmarsh 7.36 103.1 3 119 -4 62 1

4076-19-1 7.31 102.5 3.5 117 -6 77 1

4134-04-2 7.22 101.2 3 122 -1 66 1

4128-06-2 7.16 100.4 3 116 -7 80 1

4113-01-1 7.09 99.4 3.5 120 -3 80 2

Buloke 7.07 99.1 2.5 122 -1 74 4

Gairdner 6.98 97.8 3 123 0 75 3

4117-01-1 6.94 97.2 3.5 117 -6 78 3

4104-02-1 6.73 94.3 3.5 115 -8 68 2

4136-06-1 6.56 91.9 3.5 119 -4 80 1

2693-08-1 6.17 86.4 3.5 113 -10 74 1

4134-09-1 6.10 85.5 4 117 -6 75 1

4136-02-1 5.82 81.5 3.5 113 -10 71 1

4136-05-2 5.80 81.3 40 111 -12 69 2

4036-08-2 5.59 78.4 4.5 109 -14 71 5

4136-04-1 5.28 74.0 3.5 111 -12 73 2

4036-10-2 5.21 73.1 3.5 111 -12 69 1

Site Mean 6.85 - 4.1 118 - 73.5 1.46



Table 2: Early Generation barley trial grain quality data

Variety Protein % Test Weight kg/hL Retention% w/w Screening % w/w

4081-02-2 11.26 64.2 98% 1%

4117-09-1 10.46 65.6 98% 1%

4081-02-1 11.56 65.6 98% 1%

4117-13-2 10.96 65.2 97% 1%

4117-07-1 10.86 66.4 98% 1%

4117-05-2 10.46 66.4 98% 1%

4117-03-2 10.76 65.0 98% 1%

4117-16-2 11.16 64.4 98% 1%

4134-06-1 10.96 67.0 98% 1%

4134-05-2 10.26 67.4 97% 1%

4113-08-2 11.36 66.2 97% 1%

4122-03-1 10.96 67.4 98% 1%

4122-01-1 10.86 66.8 96% 1%

4134-02-2 10.66 66.2 98% 1%

4095-06-1 11.26 66.2 97% 1%

2693-05-2 10.66 69.2 98% 1%

2693-03-1 10.96 66.2 98% 1%

4076-10-1 11.56 66.6 99% 1%

Hindmarsh 10.86 66.4 96% 1%

4076-19-1 11.66 66.6 98% 2%

4134-04-2 11.06 68.2 98% 1%

4128-06-2 10.36 66.6 98% 1%

4113-01-1 10.66 68.0 97% 1%

Buloke 13.16 64.2 98% 1%

Gairdner 10.46 66.4 97% 1%

4117-01-1 10.86 67.0 99% 1%

4104-02-1 11.46 64.8 97% 2%

4136-06-1 10.56 69.8 98% 1%

2693-08-1 10.26 66.0 98% 1%

4134-09-1 10.76 67.2 97% 1%

4136-02-1 11.16 65.0 97% 1%

4136-05-2 10.56 65.4 98% 1%

4036-08-2 10.66 65.8 98% 1%

4136-04-1 10.26 64.6 97% 1%

4036-10-2 10.26 65.2 98% 1%

10.91 66.02 96.5 1



Grain quality was generally good throughout the trial. Protein levels were generally good with the majority of lines falling within the malt standard. Buloke was the exception to the rule with a protein level of 13.16%. The mean test weight for the site was above that of the malt specification at 66.02 kg/hL. However, there were a number of commercial and experimental lines that did not reach the minimum test weight standard and hence would not have reached malt status. Retention and screenings were excellent throughout with all lines falling well within the malt standard. Whilst it is difficult to draw conclusions from one year’s data, there seems to be several very high yielding lines with excellent grain quality. These lines present the future of Malting Barley in Australia, watch their performance over the coming years whilst they progress to commercialisation. Trial Design and Inputs A single replicate trial was sown on the 26

th May 2011 with 90 treatments both experimental

and commercial barley lines. The trial was sown into cultivated canola stubble, with sowing rates adjusted according to germination and seed weight, to achieve a target population of 175 plants/m

2. Plant establishment was excellent across the entity site. A two half rate

fungicide program was adopted to allow susceptible lines to show through and allow for disease screening and observations. Harvest was completed on the 5

th December 2011. Trial

inputs and timing can be observed in Table 3. Table 3: Inverleigh barley trial input and timing data

No. Date Maintenance

Treatment Name

Description Rate Rate Unit Tank

Mix Code

1 25-May-11 Round-up Power-max Knockdown / Pre-emergent IBS 2.00 L/ha Y

2 25-May-11 Boxer Gold Knockdown / Pre-emergent IBS 2.50 L/ha Y

3 26-May-11 MAP At sowing with Seed 100 kg/ha -

4 26-Jul-11 Axial GS 25 0.30 L/ha Y

5 26-Jul-11 Precept GS 25 0.50 L/ha Y

6 26-Jul-11 Adigor GS 25 0.50 L/ha Y

7 25-Aug-11 Urea GS 30 150 kg/ha -

8 05-Sep-11 Prosaro GS 31 - 32 0.30 L/ha Y

9 05-Sep-11 Hasten GS 31 - 32 1.00 L/ha Y

10 26-Sep-11 Logran GS 39 0.15 kg/ha Y

11 26-Sep-11 Prosaro GS 39 0.30 L/ha Y

12 26-Sep-11 Hasten GS 39 1.00 L/ha Y





SFS Wheat Variety Trial - Summary Trial Background and Objectives We are pleased to be able to present the following wheat trial data. These trials were conducted by Southern Farming Systems (SFS), SFS are an independent research organization that delivers independent research trials to farmers in South Western Victoria. We thank SFS for the work carried out throughout the year. The following trials were established at Inverleigh and Lake Bolac to showcase the current and prospective commercial wheat varieties grown throughout South West Victoria.

Take Home Messages

Revenue was the standout performer in both the Inverleigh and Lake Bolac trials yielding 122% and 127% of site mean yield respectively.

Revenue was the highest income variety at both sites, outperforming all other feed and milling grade varieties.

Einstein’s poor vigour meant that yields were significantly reduced, as a result of weed competition.

Protein levels were slightly low at Lake Bolac suggesting the additional nitrogen application may have increased yield and protein percentage.

Early sowing again allowed longer season varieties to maximize their yield potential.

Revenue’s exceptional yield and income potential coupled with grazing opportunity, presents significant benefits to mixed farming enterprises.

Results Summary The SFS Lake Bolac trial yielded an average of 5.88t/ha for the 2011 season. Revenue yielded significantly higher that other varieties in the trial at 7.45t/ha. Protein levels were low suggesting that additional nitrogen may have increased yield and protein across the site. Test weights were good across the site with the exception of Einstein with a test weight of 65.3kg/hL. Mackellar and Einstein showed high screenings at 6% each. Revenue was the highest income variety at $1252/ha, milling grade varieties failed to meet required protein grades reducing their income per hectare. Table 4: SFS wheat trial Lake Bolac yield and grain quality data


t/ha, 29/12/2011

GS90-99

Cereal Yield %

Site Mean

Protein % Test Weight

kg/hL

Screenings %

w/w

Resultant

Quality

Classification

Income $/ha

Revenue 7.45a 127 8.80 75.1 3.0 Feed 1,252$

Beaufort 6.64ab 113 10.10 74.9 4.8 Feed 1,116$

Preston 6.43bc 109 9.70 75.9 2.0 Feed 1,080$

Lincoln 5.91bcd 101 10.70 77.6 4.7 APW 1,217$

Kellalac 5.71cde 97 9.20 77.8 3.0 ASW 1,062$

Forrest 5.61cde 95 10.30 78.8 3.7 ASW 1,043$

Bolac 5.54de 94 10.20 77.5 2.3 ASW 1,030$

Mackellar 5.04ef 86 9.00 72.4 6.0 Feed 847$

Einstein 4.61f 78 8.70 65.3 6.0 Feed 774$

Mean 5.88 - 9.63 75.03 3.94 - -

LSD (P=0.05) 0.86 - - - - - -

CV 8.43 - - - - - -

Grain prices are taken as a spot price on the day of harvest and supplied by SQP Pty Ltd; H2 = $218; APW = $206; ASW = $186; AGP = $178; Fed1 = $168



The SFS Inverleigh trial yielded an average of 6.87t/ha for the 2011 season. Revenue again yielded significantly higher that other varieties in the trial at 8.37t/ha. Protein levels were generally good with the exception of a few varieties. Test weights were generally low across the site, Lincoln was the exception to the rule with a test weight of 74.9kg/hL. Revenue was the highest income variety at $1398/ha, out classing all milling and feed varieties. Table 5: SFS wheat trial Inverleigh yield and grain quality data

Trial Design and Inputs Lake Bolac A randomised complete block design replicated trial (3 reps) was direct drilled on the 18

th May

2011 with 9 wheat varieties commonly grown in Western Victoria. Sowing rates were adjusted to account for variation in germination and seed count to achieve a target establishment of 160 plants/m

2. The trial was sown at a depth of 20mm into good moisture with 100kg/ha of

MAP. Trials were top dressed with 150kg/ha of urea on the 13th

September. A two spray fungicide regime was adopted to replicate regional practices. Fungicide applications were made on the 13

th September and 4

th October.

Inverleigh A randomised complete block design replicated trial (3 reps) was direct drilled on the 18

th May 2011 with 9 wheat

varieties commonly grown in Western Victoria. Sowing rates were adjusted to account for variation in germination and seed count to achieve a target establishment of 160 plants/m

2. The trial was sown at a depth of 20mm into good

moisture with 100kg/ha of MAP. Trials were top dressed with 150kg/ha of urea on the 25

th August. A two spray

fungicide regime was adopted to replicate regional practices. Fungicide applications were made on the 5

th and 26

th of

September.


t/ha, 22/12/2011

GS90-99

Cereal Yield %

Site Mean

Protein % Test Weight

kg/hL

Screenings %

w/w

Resultant

Quality

Classification

Income $/ha

Revenue 8.37a 122 9.60 72 0.3 Feed 1,398$

Preston 7.28b 106 10.50 72.6 0.0 Feed 1,216$

Beaufort 7.25b 106 9.70 69.9 1.3 Feed 1,211$

Forrest 6.88b 101 11.40 73.5 0.7 AGP 1,149$

Einstein 6.84b 97 10.00 69.7 1.0 Feed 1,142$

Mackellar 6.63b 95 10.60 72.6 1.0 Feed 1,107$

Bolac 6.51b 94 11.70 73.7 0.0 AGP 1,087$

Kellalac 6.47b 86 10.80 72.7 1.0 AGP 1,080$

Lincoln 5.60c 78 12.40 74.9 0.3 APW 1,103$

Mean 6.87 - 10.74 72.40 0.62 - -

LSD (P=0.05) 0.86 - - - - - -

CV 7.22 - - - - - -

Grain prices are taken as a spot price on the day of harvest and supplied by SQP Pty Ltd; H2 = $220; APW = $197; ASW = $179; AGP = $167; Fed1 = $167


Revenue National Yield

Performance

2011 SFS, Inverleigh VIC Revenue 122% Beaufort 106% Forrest 100% Bolac 95% MacKellar 97% Site Mean 6.87t/ha

2011 NVT, Rutherglen VIC Revenue 112% Beaufort 109% Forrest 102% Mansfield 97% EGA Wedgetail 102% Site Mean 5.00/ha

2011 NVT, Streatham VIC Revenue 125% Beaufort 115% Forrest 101% Mansfield 99% MacKellar 109% Site Mean 4.89t/ha

2011 SFS, Lake Bolac VIC Revenue 127% Beaufort 113% Forrest 95% Bolac 94% MacKellar 86% Site Mean 5.88t/ha

2010 SFS, Ave Nile & Burnie TAS Revenue 117% Preston 105% Tennant 101% MacKellar 100% Brennan 97% Ave Site Mean 6.45t/ha

2010 DPI NSW Mixed Cereal Trail, Ave Temora, Somerton, Cowra, Culcairn, Cumnock, Dunedoo, Galong & Purlewaugh Revenue 146% MacKellar 129% Forrest 101% Mansfield 114% EGA Wedgetail 106% Ave Site Mean 3.56/ha


Revenue Wheat – Meeting the needs of Australia’s mixed farming enterprises The following information has been supplied by Pat and Sarah Millear, from Willaura Victoria. I would like to thank them for sharing this information for the education other growers on how Revenue Wheat suits mixed farming enterprises. A 60ha paddock was sown on the 13

th April

2011 with 75kg/ha of Revenue Wheat Hombre Treated. 75kg of MAP impact treated was sown with the seed. Knockdown/pre-emergent mix of 1tr of Roundup PowerMax & 2ltr of Trifluralin was applied and incorporated by sowing. An application of Precept was applied on the 29

th June, for broad leaf control. Urea was

applied to the crop at 75kg/ha post grazing. A fungicide application was applied at GS39-GS41 to protect the flag leaf from late Septoria infection. The 60ha of Revenue was grazed from the beginning of July through to the 1

st Week of August

with 1000 1yr old Merino’s, stocking rates were approximately 17 DSE/ha. Stock were supplemented with straw and a Salt:Lime:Causmag blend. Average daily weight gain was approximately 270 gram/head/day, or approximately 10 kg/head over the 5 week period. Harvest was completed in mid December, with the crop averaging over 6t/ha with the best patches doing over 7t/ha. Grain quality was excellent with a test weight of 83kg/hL and 1% screenings.

Take Home Messages GrainSearch advise that all Revenue planting seed should be treated with a seed treatment

containing Imidacloprid (Hombre). Early sowing can increase the risk of BYDV infection, this can be easily managed with the use of the correct seed treatment.

Impact (Flutriafol) is fast becoming a standard practice in many cropping enterprises. We suggest the use of Impact if growing Revenue Wheat to avoid Septoria infection during the early stages of development. Remember that Impact has a grazing withhold of 7 weeks.

It is important to ensure your crop has sufficient Nitrogen if you were to graze. We generally suggest Nitrogen application post grazing to replenish crop requirements. You need to be careful applying Nitrogen pre grazing as it can result in nitrate poisoning.

Whilst Revenue has excellent resistance to Leaf, stem and stripe rust, it is prone to Septoria and yellow spot infection. We generally suggest a combination of impact & fungicide application at GS39 as a minimum fungicide program on Revenue.

Grazing can start as soon as cereal plants are well anchored (the “Tug Test’), when plants resist pulling, you can begin grazing. The decision about when to start grazing is much less important than the decision to stop grazing. Some farmer use a small fenced area to gauge the maturity of the crop.

Whilst grazing ensure you do not reduce plant number by pulling or pugging. Be careful grazing cereal paddocks after heavy rain, as this may result in higher levels of plant death.



Provide an ad-lib source of fibre while grazing the crop eg: Straw.

Wheat forage is often high in Potassium (K) and very low in Sodium (Na), which results in a very high K/Na ratio in forage wheat. Although Magnesium (Mg) levels in forage wheat are generally slightly above the required for animal growth, the high K/Na ratio greatly reduces Mg absorption in the gut. The above combination will result in below average growth rates, whilst grazing cereals.

Sheep and cattle grazing forage wheats should be supplemented with Na & Mg (eg: a 1:1 Mix of Granular salt and Causmag, Lime may also be added to the mix). Supplementation is cheap and simple, and can increase live weight gains by up to 20-100%. Supplement requirements may vary dependent on stock class and other environmental factors.

The decision to remove stock is the most important part of grazing your forage wheat. Provided stock are removed before the crop reaches Zadok’s growth stage 31 (stem elongation, 1st node visible), effect of grazing should be minimal and can often result in increased yield.

***Please note that the above figures are not actual and are based of key assumptions***

There are many ways of calculating the Grazing Income, and can be difficult to calculate as

often the profits are never realised. For this example we have assumed that profits are

realised, and stock were purchased and sold.

1000 x 45 kg lambs purchased @ $90/head = $90000 Supplements and animal health @ $6/head = $6000 1000 lambs x 35 grazing days @ 270 grams per day = 9.45kg/head 54.45kg lamb dressing at 42% = 23kg carcass wt. 23kg carcass wt x 5.20/kg = $119.6/head + Skin $15/head = $134.6/head or $134,600 Therefore $134600 – $96000 = $38600 or $38.6/head = $643.3/ha

Back of the envelope Gross Margins

Sowing Seed 75kg/ha $48.75/ha

Pre-emergent/knockdown $36/ha

Sowing Cost $40/ha

MAP & Impact 75kg/ha $69.45/ha

Urea @75kg/ha $49.5/ha

Broadleaf and Fungicide $60/ha

Harvest Operations $50/ha

Supplements & Animal Health $100/ha

Total Input costs $453.7/ha

Grazing Income $643.3/ha

Grain Income 6t/ha @ $168/t $1008/ha

Total Income $1760/ha

Gross Margin $1306.3/ha





Barley Variety Trial - Inverleigh Trial Background and Objectives This trial was designed to test a number of potential malting quality barley lines out of the Syngenta Seeds breeding program in comparison to current commercial barley varieties. Victorian Barley sowings have diminished in the past two seasons with several main stream malt varieties breaking down to disease. Barley yield throughout Victoria continued to disappoint in 2011, a heavy reliance on Gairdner barley has been hard felt by many farmers due to poor yields as a result of scald & leaf rust susceptibility, poor head retention and lodging. These reports enforce the need for a high yielding Gairdner replacement with good all round disease resistance. The following data shows the potential of a number of experimental and more advanced lines.

Take Home Messages

Trial quality was exceptional with even establishment and plant counts, resulting in quality data.

Early May sowing helped to achieve high yield potential for this site, with a site mean yield of 6.53t/ha

Westminster was again the standout of the commercial barley varieties, yielding 115% of the site mean yield, also displaying exceptional grain quality.

Powdery Mildew and leaf rust infection in susceptible varieties had a major impact on grain quality and yield.

Several new experimental lines show good potential as replacements for current malting barley varieties.

Results Summary This trial was sown at the SFS site at Inverleigh on the 26 May 2011, into a well prepared seedbed with good moisture. We saw excellent establishment and very even plant numbers at this site setting the scene for an excellent quality trial. Despite a dry spell through August and September Inverleigh was a high yielding site with a site mean yield of 6.53 t/ha. To simplify the interpretation of trial results from this site we have removed the majority of the experimental lines from the data set, leaving commercial varieties and experimental lines showing the most promise. Due to wet conditions during the seedling stage of this trial we saw several commercial varieties show major infection of powdery mildew. The infected varieties later showed severe lodging due a reduction in cell wall strength. Baudin and Gairdner were the worst affected, which may explain their below average yields and poor grain quality.



Table 6 gives a detailed picture of the yield and agronomic performance from this site. Yield is displayed as both an average of 4 reps, along with being displayed as a percentage of site mean yield. Westminster was again the highest yielding of the commercial varieties backing up its performance from previous year’s and paddock observations from the first year of commercial release. SY Rattler has again performed well for an earlier maturity line. Leaf rust pressure was severe through the booting stage of this trial, those varieties that displayed excellent disease resistance were the standout performers in this trial. 9454-05 and 9621-13 have again impressed throughout the growing season, rating well up the yield scale for the second year in a row. These two lines will be the ones to watch over the coming years as they progress through malt evaluation. A number of early season high yielding experimental lines showed exceptional yield potential, out yielding all current commercial varieties. Improvements in disease resistance, head retention and lodging were the major drivers in achieving above site mean yield.

Table 6: Inverleigh barley trial yield and agronomic information

Grain quality was generally good throughout the trial. Whilst protein levels were on the high side, all lines fell within the malt standard of 12.5%. The mean test weight for the site was above that of the malt specification at 65.87 kg/hL. However, there were a number of current commercial lines that did not reach the minimum test weight standard and hence would not have reached malt status. Retention and screenings were generally good apart from Baudin. Buadin’s poor grain quality and yield can be associated with severe disease infection.


t/ha, 5/12/2011

GS99

Cereal Yield %

of Site Mean

Seedling Vigour,

1-5, 6/7/2011,

GS10 - 19

Crop Maturity,

Days,

GS50 - 59

Maturity c/w

Gairdner

Cereal Lodging,

1-9, 5/12/2011,

GS90-99

raw yield

9454-05 7.83a 119.87 4.5 123 0 0.05cd

9621-13 7.77ab 118.99 3.0 122 -1 0.00d

9646-12 7.64abc 117.01 3.5 122 -1 0.00d

9463-11 7.57abc 115.92 3.5 124 1 0.00d

8118-19 B 7.53a-d 115.27 4.0 123 0 0.00d

Westminster 7.52a-d 115.11 4.0 124 1 0.00d

SY Rattler 7.23a-e 110.77 3.5 118 -5 0.00d

Fairview 7.22a-e 110.52 3.0 123 0 0.00d

8111-11 A 7.16a-f 109.60 3.5 122 -1 0.50cd

Hindmarsh 7.09a-g 108.59 3.5 117 -6 1.00cd

9518-08 7.06a-g 108.04 3.0 115 -8 0.00d

8118-08 A 6.99a-g 107.07 3.0 123 0 0.00d

Buloke 6.83c-g 104.61 3.0 122 -1 1.00cd

Henley 6.66d-h 101.95 4.5 122 -1 0.00d

Gairdner 6.27f-j 96.01 3.5 123 0 3.75b

Baudin 5.31k 81.23 3.0 123 0 2.25bc

LSD (P=0.05) 0.88 - - - - 0.7

Mean 6.53 - - - - 1.83

Standard Deviation 1.31 - - - - 1.72

CV 20.05 - - - - 40.96



Westminster was by far the best of the commercial barley lines for grain quality, with a test weight of over 67.45kg/hL, 98.7% retention and 0.5% screenings. Whilst Gairdner showed a test weight of over 65, retention and screenings were affected as a result of disease infection. Experimental lines 9621-13 and 9646-12 showed excellent grain quality, combined with their yield performance these lines show good potential as both domestic and export malt replacements for current malting varieties.

Table 7: Inverleigh barley trial grain quality data

Trial Design and Inputs A fully randomized and replicated trial (4 reps) was sown on 26

th May 2011 with 33 treatments

both experimental and commercial barley lines. The trial was sown into cultivated canola stubble, with sowing rates adjusted according to germination and seed weight, to achieve a target population of 175 plants/m

2. Plant establishment was excellent across the site with

even plant numbers throughout. A two spray preventative fungicide program was adopted to replicate commercial practice in HRZ regions of Southern Australia. Fungicides were applied to three of the four replications, to allow for disease screening and observations in the 1

st rep.

Harvest was completed on the 5th December 2011. Trial inputs and timing can be observed in Table 8.

Variety Protein % Test Weight

kg/hL

Retention%

w/w

Screening %

w/w

9454-05 11.23e 65.65a-f 93.7%a 1.8%b

9621-13 10.70e 65.60a-f 96.3%a 0.9%b

9646-12 10.67e 66.55a-f 96.8%a 1.2%b

9463-11 10.85e 64.90c-f 96.5%a 1.1%b

8118-19 B 11.48de 64.90c-f 97.2%a 0.9%b

Westminster 11.40de 67.45abc 98.7%a 0.5%b

SY Rattler 10.55e 65.40a-f 96.6%a 0.8%b

Fairview 11.18e 64.40ef 97.0%a 0.6%b

8111-11 A 11.77cde 65.80a-f 98.1%a 0.6%b

Hindmarsh 11.80cde 65.80a-f 94.9%a 1.7%b

9518-08 11.77cde 64.25ef 97.8%a 0.8%b

8118-08 A 11.73cde 66.35a-f 97.8%a 0.8%b

Buloke 11.15e 64.90c-f 94.0%a 1.3%b

Henley 10.73e 64.80def 98.3%a 0.5%b

Gairdner 11.65cde 66.65a-e 92.7%a 1.9%b

Baudin 12.43abc 64.35ef 81.3%b 5.5%a

LSD (P=0.05) 0.84 2.58 9.64 2.46

Mean 11.53 65.87 95.72 1.07

Standard Deviation 0.82 2.00 10.53 1.80

CV 7.10 3.04 11.00 167.24



Table 8: Inverleigh barley trial input and timing data

Photo: Westminster left, Gairdner right taken at Lubeck 2/12/2011. Gairdner showing

extensive lodging.


Treatment Name


Mix Code

1 25-May-11 Round-up Power-max Knockdown / Pre-emergent IBS 2.00 L/ha Y

2 25-May-11 Boxer Gold Knockdown / Pre-emergent IBS 2.50 L/ha Y

3 26-May-11 MAP At sowing with Seed 100 kg/ha -




7 25-Aug-11 Urea GS 30 150 kg/ha -

8 05-Sep-11 Prosaro GS 31 - 32 0.30 L/ha Y

9 05-Sep-11 Hasten GS 31 - 32 1.00 L/ha Y

10 26-Sep-11 Logran GS 39 0.15 kg/ha Y





Westminster Barley – Grazing Case Study Andy & Melissa Stephens of Werneth Victoria, long term supporters of GrainSearch varieties, decided to plant 200 acres of Westminster barley after observing the performance of the variety in 2010. Andy and Melissa run a mixed farming enterprise and rely on grazing winter cereals to fill their feed shortage through winter. Andy was keen to try grazing his Westminster barley to evaluate its potential post grazing. Photo: Right Westminster Pre Grazing. A 26ha paddock was sown in late May with 70kg of MAP on 12 inch spacing. Knockdown/pre-emergent mix of 1.5ltr of Roundup CT & 2.5ltr of Trifluralin & 40ml Hammer was applied and incorporated by sowing. A two spray fungicide regime was adopted with applications at GS30 & GS39. Urea was applied to the crop at 60kg/ha post grazing. The 26ha was grazed from the 25/07/2011 – 9/8/2011, with 304 first cross ewes with 341 May-June drop lambs. Stocking rates were approximately 35 DSE/ha, with an estimated starting dry matter of 2500kg/DM/ha. As you can see from the photo’s below there was approximately 400-500kg/DM/ha left after grazing, Resulting in a net use of approximately 2000kg/DM/ha. Recovery post grazing was excellent until Aug/Sep when the crop experienced moisture stress. Late October / November rain was timely for grain fill, however I believe the dry Aug/Sep had already reduced yield potential.

Take Home Messages

Grazing cereals in a year with a tight finish may compromise yield, you need to be mindful that you are allowing sufficient time for the crop to recover post grazing.

Grazing reduced crop height and encouraged tillering.

The crop was grazed very heavily for experimental purposes; we don’t recommend grazing this hard.

Grazing income contributed $444/ha to the gross margin of the crop.

We don’t suggest grazing Westminster if you wish to maximise yield.

Photo: Westminster 14 days post grazing. Date: 23/8/2011





Gross Margin Analysis

***Please not that the above figures are not actual and are based of key assumptions***

There are many ways of calculating the Grazing Income, and can be difficult to calculate as

often the profits are never realised. For this example we have calculated grazing revenue by

using the dry matter consumed.

Starting Dry Matter – 2500 kg/DM/ha Final Dry Matter – 500 kg/DM/ha Dry Matter consumed - 2000 kg/DM/ha Assuming a Dry Matter cost of 22.2c/kg/DM multiplied by 2000kg/DM/ha consumed = 444/ha. This estimate is conservative as it only takes into account dry matter consumed, there are other benefit that have not been included in these calculations. Summary Whilst grazing has provided significant benefit to this

enterprise, it is not recommended to graze your

Westminster if you are looking to maximise yield. The

decision to remove stock is by far the most important

part of grazing any cereal. Getting this decision

wrong can result in significant yield loss, if crops are

grazed to heavily past GS30 damage can occur to the

growing point of the plant, thus reducing yield.

Grazing cereals in a year with a tight finish may also

compromise yield, you need to be mindful that you are

allowing sufficient time for the crop to recover post

grazing.


Back of the envelope Gross Margins

Sowing Seed 75kg/ha $71.25/ha

Pre-emergent/knockdown $38.5/ha

Sowing Cost $40/ha

MAP 70kg/ha $53.2/ha

Urea @60kg/ha $39.6/ha

Fungicide Application $60/ha

Harvest Operations $50/ha

Total Input costs $352.55/ha

Grazing Income $444/ha

Grain Income 3.5t/ha @ $189/t $661.5/ha

Total Income $1105.5/ha

Gross Margin $752.95/ha



2011 NVT, Agzone3, Ave 4 Sites Kojonup, Frankland, Narrogin & Kendenup Westminster 111% Commander 102% Buloke 109% Gairdner 88% Baudin 71% Ave Site Mean 5.18t/ha

2010 NVT, Brookstead QLD Westminster 124% Commander 121% Grimmett 102% Gairdner 87% Fitzroy 53% Site Mean 3.17t/ha

2011 NVT, North East NSW, Ave 3 Sites Tamworth, North Star & Wongarbon Westminster 107% Commander 108% Buloke 96% Gairdner 100% Baudin 93% Site Mean 4.62t/ha

2011 NVT, Wagga Wagga S/E NSW Westminster 110% Commander 103% Buloke 95% Gairdner 114% Baudin 107% Site Mean 2.75t/ha

2011 NVT, York Peninsula SA, Ave 2 Sites Arthurton & Brentwood Westminster 115% Commander 105% Buloke 95% Gairdner 81% Baudin 56% Site Mean 3.63t/ha

2011 NVT, Colbinabbin N/E VIC Westminster 109% Commander 103% Buloke 93% Gairdner 98% Baudin 80% Site Mean 4.46t/ha

Westminster National Yield

Performance

2011 NVT, Lower Eyre Peninsula SA, Ave 2 Sites Cummins & Wanilla Westminster 110% Commander 104% Buloke 98% Gairdner 95% Baudin 102% Site Mean 5.33t/ha

2011 SFS, South West VIC, Ave 3 Sites Lake Bolac, Inverleigh & Dunkeld Westminster 107% Commander 97% Hindmarsh 93% Gairdner 83% Site Mean 2.75t/ha

2011 GrainSearch, Horsham VIC Westminster 125% SY Rattler 116% Commander 102% Gairdner 94% Baudin 74% Site Mean 4.65t/ha




Barley Variety Trial – Lake Bolac Trial Background and Objectives This trial was designed to test a number of potential malting quality barley lines out of the Syngenta Seeds breeding program in comparison to current commercial barley varieties. Victorian Barley sowings have diminished in the past two seasons with several main stream malt varieties breaking down to disease. Gairdner has shown little resistance to scald and leaf rust over the past two seasons, reinforcing the need for a high yielding Gairdner replacement with good all round disease resistance. The following data shows the potential of a number of experimental and more advanced lines.

Take Home Messages

Westminster and Henley were the standout performers yielding 111% of the site mean, or 7.06t/ha.

Early sowing was the key to achieving high yields at this site.

Untreated Fairview, Gairdner and Henley were severely infected with scald during the growing season, severely impacting on the untreated yield of these varities.

Powdery mildew and leaf rust infection severely impacted the yield of susceptible varieties, Baudin and Gairdner.

SY Rattler, 9621-13 and 9454-05 were again the best of the experimental material, SY Rattler looks promising as a domestic malt replacement.

Results Summary Lake Bolac was an excellent trial with quality results. Plot establishment at Lake Bolac was a little slower than desired due to cold wet conditions after sowing. There was also some unevenness in sowing depth which resulted in some plots being slower to establish than others. Lines with good vigour were the early standouts in this trial. Lake Bolac was a high yielding site with a site mean yield of 6.32t/ha, this can be attributed to early sowing and kind spring conditions. Westminster and Henley were the two standout performers in this trial yielding in excess of 7t/ha. Severe powdery mildew, scald and leaf rust infections were observed in susceptible varieties in the untreated replicate of this trial. Baudin and Gairdner were the worst affected by powdery mildew, impacting on their ability to establish quickly in cold conditions. Signs of scald were observed at GS 20-25 in susceptible varieties Henley, Fairview and Gairdner. Being a wet weather disease the scald infection never really developed due to dry conditions during August and September.



Leaf rust put tremendous pressure on susceptible varieties late in the season, severely affecting the yield. Interestingly, varieties that were severely infected in the untreated replicate suffered lodging pre harvest. Disease infection resulted in a reduction in cell wall strength of susceptible varieties causing lodging due to the high yield potential of this site. Varieties that exhibited excellent disease resistance showed no signs of lodging in the untreated replicate. Further yield and agronomic information can be found in Table 9. Table 9: Lake Bolac barley trial yield and agronomic information

Grain quality was excellent throughout the trial, with all lines achieving malt specifications. Protein levels were ideal with a site mean of 10.50%. The mean test weight for the site was well above that of the malt specification at 68.56 kg/hL. Hindmarsh and Westminster showed exceptional test weight of 69.9 and 70.1 kg/hL respectively. Retention and screenings were generally good although Baudin and Gairdner had significantly lower retention than other commercial and experimental lines. The poor grain quality and yield associated with these varieties is a result of severe powdery mildew and leaf rust infection. Westminster, Hindmarsh and Fairview were the best of the commercial lines for grain quality, with test weights of over 69 kg/hL, 94% retention and below 3% screenings. Experimental lines SY Rattler, 9621-13 and 9454-05 also showed excellent grain


t/ha, 9/12/2011

GS99

Cereal Yield %

of Site Mean

Seedling Vigour,

1-5, 6/7/2011,

GS10 - 19

Crop Maturity,

Days,

GS50 - 59

Maturity c/w

Gairdner

Cereal Lodging,

1-9, 9/12/2011,

GS90-99

Westminster 7.06a 111.78 3.63d-g 124 0 1.00b

Henley 7.05a 111.62 3.75c-f 123 -1 1.00b

9629-03 7.01ab 110.96 3.50efg 122 -2 1.00b

SY Rattler 7.00abc 110.77 4.00b-e 122 -2 1.00b

8118-19 B 6.96a-d 110.14 3.00gh 124 0 1.00b

9454-05 6.95a-d 110.03 4.25a-d 124 0 1.25b

9621-13 6.94a-d 109.76 3.50efg 122 -2 1.00b

9463-11 6.87a-e 108.71 3.38efg 124 0 1.00b

8111-11 A 6.73a-f 106.44 4.00b-e 117 -7 1.00b

Buloke 6.56a-h 103.86 3.13gh 122 -2 1.5b

9646-12 6.42d-i 101.60 3.50efg 122 -2 1.5b

Fairview 6.36e-i 100.70 3.63d-g 124 0 1.00b

Hindmarsh 6.15g-k 97.35 4.00b-e 115 -9 1.00b

Gairdner 5.69k-n 90.10 3.00gh 124 0 1.00b

Baudin 5.07o 80.18 2.50h 122 -2 1.5b

LSD (P=0.05) 0.56 - 0.68 - - 0.62

Mean 6.32 - 3.65 - - 1.12

Standard Deviation 0.67 - 0.65 - - 0.48

CV 10.54 - 17.9 - - 42.72



quality. Combined with their yield performance these lines show good potential as both domestic and export malt replacements for current malting varieties. Table 6 shows grain quality data for Lake Bolac Table 10: Lake Bolac barley trial grain quality data

Trial Design and Inputs A fully randomized and replicated trial (4 reps) was sown on 1

st June 2011 with 33 barley lines

both experimental and commercial lines. The trial was sown into the previous year’s canola stubble, with sowing rates adjusted according to germination and seed weight, to achieve a target population of 175 plants/m

2. Plant establishment was generally good with the exception

of a few plots due to variable seeding depth. A two spray preventative fungicide program was adopted to replicate commercial practice in HRZ regions of southern Australia. Fungicides were applied to three of the four replications, to allow for disease screening and observations. Urea was applied to the trial at GS31-32 to represent industry practice. Harvest was completed on the 29

th December 2011. Trial inputs

and timing can be observed in Table 11.

Variety Protein % Test Weight

kg/hL

Retention%

w/w

Screening %

w/w

Westminster 10.08f-i 69.90abc 94.0%b-f 2.89%e-i

Henley 10.60d-g 67.55f-j 94.8%bc 2.75%f-i

9629-03 10.20e-i 69.20a-f 91.9%fgh 2.97%d-i

SY Rattler 10.13f-i 68.70a-i 92.9%c-h 2.99%d-i

8118-19 B 10.30e-i 67.30hij 91.8%ghi 4.38%abc

9454-05 9.80hi 67.15ij 87.8%k 3.80%a-g

9621-13 9.75hi 68.40b-i 93.7%b-g 3.29%c-i

9463-11 9.78hi 68.15d-i 93.0%b-h 3.01%d-i

8111-11 A 10.65d-g 69.00a-h 94.6%bcd 2.83%f-i

Buloke 9.73hi 67.40hij 92.6%d-h 3.20%d-i

9646-12 9.70i 68.05d-i 91.1%hij 4.85%a

Fairview 9.90ghi 69.55a-e 94.1%b-e 2.23%ij

Hindmarsh 11.55ab 70.10ab 92.0%e-h 3.42%b-h

Gairdner 10.58d-g 68.65b-i 89.7%ijk 3.88%a-f

Baudin 10.53d-g 66.10j 89.2%jk 4.54%ab

LSD (P=0.05) 0.72 1.73 2.10 1.10

Mean 10.50 68.56 93.23 3.25

Standard Deviation 0.70 1.50 2.29 0.98

CV 6.69 2.19 2.45 30.12



Table 11: Lake Bolac barley trial input and timing data

Photos Above: Left - Gairdner barley, pictured Dunkeld 2010, GS50-59, nil fungicide treatment. Right – Westminster barley, pictured Dunkeld 2010, GS50-59, nil fungicide treatment. Gairdner exhibiting excessive scald infection, whilst Westminster retains green leaf area due to scald resistance genes.


Treatment Name


Mix Code

1 01-Jun-11 Round-up Power-max Knockdown / Pre-emergent IBS 2.00 L/ha Y

2 01-Jun-11 Boxer Gold Knockdown / Pre-emergent IBS 2.50 L/ha N

3 01-Jun-11 MAP At sowing with Seed 100.00 kg/ha -



6 27-Jul-11 Lontrel 300 GS 25 0.15 L/ha Y




10 13-Sep-11 Urea GS 31 - 32 100.00 kg/ha -

11 05-Oct-11 Prosaro GS 49 0.30 L/ha Y

12 05-Oct-11 Hasten GS49 1.00 L/ha Y





Syngenta Plant Growth Regulator Trial

Trial Background and Objectives This trial was established by Syngenta Crop Protection to evaluate the commercial potential of a number of plant growth regulators (PGR’s) in development by Syngenta. We are proud to be able to present these results for your benefit & information. This trial was designed to evaluate the impact on yield and lodging resistance with and without the treatment of PGR’s. The lines used in this trial were selected from the Syngenta breeding pipeline as they are known to show signs of lodging. Treatments were assessed for yield, lodging, head loss, grain and malt quality.

Take Home Messages

Plant growth regulators look to be a useful tool in managing lodging resistance in high yielding crops, with up to 45% reduction in lodging severity compared with the untreated.

PGR’s can have a positive effect on yield, with increases of approximately 6% above the untreated.

PGR’s are new the Australian cereal farming systems and some products are still under evaluation and not registered for commercial use.

The combined yield increase and improved lodging resistance offers significant benefit to growers in high yielding environments.

Results Summary The following results are the average of 6 trials across Southern Australia. Results indicate that lodging % was reduced with increasing rates of PGR in these trials. As seen by the trend below, the best lodging result was achieved in the two spray application. Whilst not depicted in the data included, the general consensus is that Moddus at 400ml/ha applied at GS31 followed by Moddus at 200ml/ha applied at GS37 is the most effective and economical program to avoid lodging resistance in high yielding barley crops. Yield results indicate there was no significant yield difference between the three PGR applications. There was however significant yield benefit by all three PGR treatments when compared to the untreated. The combined yield increase and improved lodging resistance offers significant benefit to growers in high yielding environments.



Figure 1: Yield and lodging results of various PGR treatment

Plant growth regulators are a valuable input for high yielding barley, wheat and oat growing systems. The influence of PGR’s on growth will vary according to the crop species and its stage of growth at the time of application. Application at early stem extension can lower crop height and the sturdier growth reduces the risk of early lodging which is known to adversely affect grain yield. Applications earlier in the life of the crop can improve the root system development and can increase the number of tillers surviving to bear heads, which can result in increased yield. The application of urea post PGR application can encourage plant growth, supporting the requirement for the second application to hold plant growth. The photos below display the reduction in plant height with the use of the two spray program. Control Left, two spray program on Right.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Untreated Moddus 200ml/ha GS31 Moddus 400ml/ha GS31 Moddus 400ml/ha GS31 + Moddus 400ml/ha GS37

Lodging %

Yield as % of UTC



Inverleigh Rainfall Data 2011

Lake Bolac Rainfall Data 2011

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140R

ain

fall

mm

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Rai

nfa

ll m

m



Inverleigh & Lake Bolac Soil Test Data

Test Units Inverleigh Beds Lake Bolac

Sampling Date - 8/04/2011 8/04/2011

Sample Depth To cm 10.00 10.00

Organic Carbon (OC) % 0.98 2.00

pH (1:5 CaCl2) 5.40 6.80

Elect. Conductivity dS/m 0.09 0.14

Chloride mg/kg 21.00 25.00

Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3) 0-10cm mg/kg 11.00 21.00

Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3) 10-40cm mg/kg 7.60 10.50

Ammonium Nitrogen (KCl) 0-10cm mg/kg 1.70 3.80

Ammonium Nitrogen (KCl) 10-40cm mg/kg 3.60 2.20

Phosphorus Buffering Index (PBI) 52.00 68.00

Phosphorus (P) - Colwell mg/kg 71.00 38.00

Poatssium (K) mg/kg 260.00 390.00

Sulfate Sulfur (KCl40) mg/kg 14.00 12.00

Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) meq/100g 4.43 12.00

Calcium (Ca) meq/100g 2.90 10.00

Magnesium (Mg) meq/100g 0.63 0.91

Potassium (K) meq/100g 0.68 1.00

Sodium (Na) meq/100g 0.12 0.09

Aluminium (KCl) meq/100g 0.10 -

Sodium % of Cations (ESP) 2.70 -

Calcium/Magnesium Ratio 4.60 11.00

Potassium to Magnesium Ratio 1.10 1.10

Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 0.64 0.84

Iron (Fe) mg/kg 120.00 66.00

Manganese (Mn) mg/kg 4.30 20.00

Copper (Cu) mg/kg 1.30 0.48

Boron (B) mg/kg 0.75 0.85

Soil Colour Brown Brown

Soil Texture Sandy Loam Clay Loam

Disp. Index, Loveday/Pyle 2 2

Slaking 2Hrs Water Stable Water Stable



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Documents

GrainSearch Trial Booklet 2011 - 12