GRADUATE STUDENT Career Guide · Career Services is pleased to provide you with this . Graduate Student Career Guide. This guide encompasses a host of information, including job search

GRADUATE STUDENT

Career Guide

2 | GRADUATE STUDENT CAREER GUIDE

Tips for Graduate Students .................................................................... 4

Campus Resources for Graduate Students ........................................... 5

The Academic Job Search ....................................................................... 6

Evaluating what is Important .......................................................... 6

Application Materials ...................................................................... 6

Timetable for Searching and Applying to Academic Positions..................................................................... 7

Application Materials: Curriculum Vitae .......................................... 8

Academic Cover Letters ................................................................10

Search for Academic Positions ......................................................11

Academic Interviews ............................................................................. 12

The Non-Academic Job Search ........................................................... 14

Timetable for Searching and Applying to Non-Academic Positions ........................................................... 14

Transferable Skills .................................................................................. 15

Information Gathering........................................................................... 16

Job Search Strategies and Tips ..................................................... 17

Application Materials ........................................................................... 18

Resume Formats .......................................................................... 19

Cover Letters ................................................................................ 22

Networking ............................................................................................ 23

Interviewing .......................................................................................... 24

Post-Doctoral Fellowships .................................................................... 26

Contents

CAREER SERVICES | USF.EDU/CAREER-SERVICES | 3

Career Services is pleased to provide you with this Graduate Student Career Guide. This guide encompasses a host of information, including job search strategies and tips for landing either an academic or non-academic position. During your graduate level program, you will learn information specific to your program of study, but you will also learn skills that will transfer into the workplace. You should consider the career planning process as a part of your academic journey and start preparing to achieve your professional goals once you graduate. There are things that you can do from the very start of your program to prepare for the job you wish to have at the end.

This guide will give you information on campus-wide resources that will help you along your journey and also provide you with the mechanics to craft your resume, CV and cover letters. Networking and interviewing are broken down and explained for you here, and tons of online resources are provided. Remember, Career Services is here to help you along the way. Meeting with a career counselor can be beneficial in creating your career plan, drafting your application materials and preparing for interviews and networking events. Get started as soon as possible!

We look forward to helping you along your journey to a successful professional career!

Greetings!


1. Use USF Resources Take the time to discover all of the resources available to you as a USF graduate student. Check departmental websites for programs and workshops offered. Keep all helpful departments and individuals in mind, including advisors, Career Services and the Office of Graduate Studies.

2. Network and Build Relationships Get to know your professors, classmates and colleagues. Attend conferences and conventions so you can meet people outside of USF. These relationships will prove beneficial on your journey to graduation and will be even better professional contacts during your career after graduation.

3. Be Proactive It is your responsibility to find the answers to your questions about assignments, class expectations, finances and everything else related to preparing for your graduate studies, including career options, research and life as a graduate student. Find this information sooner rather than later.

4. Act NOW! To limit stress and to use your time most efficiently, start now! This applies to all aspects of your academic and professional life. Adopt a method of scheduling your time with a day planner and make sure to have all important information included in it, like assignment due dates, study days and times, etc. Time management is an important life skill that will be carried throughout the completion of your program and ensuing career.

5. Get involved Once you have your time scheduled efficiently in a day planner, make sure to allow yourself time to get involved in your campus community. Look for places that will afford you the opportunity to volunteer, learn, make connections and build skills outside of the classroom. Look for positions in departmental and graduate student leadership, clubs, programs, etc.

6. Develop your expertise Take an interest and put forth an extra effort to advance your knowledge in your particular program of study. Professors, research opportunities, professional associations, publications and conferences can all be sources of information to increase your knowledge.

7. Enhance your portfolio If you do not have a portfolio, this is the time to begin building it. Assignments, awards, publications, and presentations are some of the items that you’ll want to include in your portfolio; start collecting and arranging these things as soon as you begin your graduate program. Having these items handy will make it easier to write your CV down the line and they may also be requested by employers during your job search.

8. Take breaks Between all of the assignments, research, and meetings, be sure to take breaks. Spend time with family and friends, and enjoy the outdoors. Take the time to refresh your mind and relax your thoughts. This will help you to gain perspective on your work as a whole and maintaining a healthy work/life balance is a skill that will always serve you well.

9. Evaluate Being aware of the progress that you are making is an important part of your educational journey. Assess yourself throughout each year to make sure you are reaching the goals and standards of your program and the goals you have set for yourself. Help from an academic advisor and from Career Services will be beneficial in your benchmarking.

Tips for Graduate Students


THE OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (OGS)The OGS can provide you with the most current degree and academic information in addition to numerous other student resources, ranging from fellowships to academic policies. This office also gives workshops on a variety of topics catered to the graduate student, including “Preparing a Compelling Poster Presentation,” “Preparing for a Faculty Position” and others. Furthermore, the office partners with various other offices and organizations across the campus to co-sponsor a variety of events, including the “Dissertation Forum” with the USF Library. The office is located in the northeast corner of the second floor of the John and Grace Allen Building/Welcome Center which is in the cul-de-sac of Leroy Collins Blvd. (ALN 226)http://www.grad.usf.edu/

THE WRITING CENTERThe Writing Center offers many resources for graduate students, including writing tutors, who are trained in graduate-level writing, including grant preparation, presentation practice rooms, as well as information about scholarly publishing. Workshops and guides on dissertations are also offered with detailed information about how to utilize research and get your dissertation published and copyrighted. Visit the Writing Center in USF’s library. http://www.lib.usf.edu/guides/other-research-guides/

ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT SERVICESEach of the academic departments has advisors, professors or program directors that can be great resources for information specific to your program. Locate the academic advisors within your respective school or department and visit them often.

COUNSELING CENTERThe journey to complete your graduate degree is exciting but can become arduous. The Counseling Center promotes “wellness” - a positive approach to living in which you seek to achieve optimum levels of emotional and physical health, and healthy interpersonal relationships. “Personal wellness” is associated with an increased capacity for academic success as well as long-term career and life satisfaction. Workshops are available to help guide you through your journey. Topics include: “Tame the Stress” and “It’s Time to Get Organized.” The Counseling Center is located on the second floor of the Student Services Building (SVC). http://usfweb2.usf.edu/counsel/

CAREER CORNER If you would like to check out a career-related book, you can visit the Career Services’ Career Corner collection in the USF Tampa Library. Our books and DVDs cover a wide range of topics including:

Career and major exploration Occupational information Résumé, interview and job search books Employer directories Salary information Graduate school information

CAREER DEVELOPMENT Career Services is also here to provide professional career counseling and job search assistance services to USF’s students and alumni. Schedule an appointment with a career counselor for help with plotting your career path, resume advice, interviewing skills, etc.

Campus Resources for Graduate Students


The academic job search starts the day you begin your new academic program. The knowledge and experiences that you gain during your program will be what shapes your job search. The network of professors, professionals and other students that you build will be an important asset as well. Pay close attention to the projects that you will be doing and any opportunities to work on special projects, gain work experience, or seek internship experience in your field. You will also have opportunities for professional development through conferences and publications of your original work. This wealth of knowledge and experience will culminate in documents that represent who you are to a potential employer. These documents will include a resume or curriculum vitae, cover letter, teaching philosophy, recommendation letters, samples of your work in a portfolio, and a research statement.

This guide will first present how to evaluate your basic values and interests in regards to finding the right jobs. Then the job search and application timeline will be shown and finally the guide will give a review of the application materials that are generally required.

EVALUATE WHAT IS IMPORTANTOnce you have decided to pursue an academic job, the steps to securing one may seem daunting. Your chosen field may be very competitive or there are only a limited number of jobs. Making your application materials competitive, locating viable positions and traveling for interviews takes time and lots of effort, but understanding the academic job search process and doing everything in a timely manner will lessen the stress. When deciding which academic positions are a right fit for you, you must first take a look at why you started your academic program, what you envisioned yourself doing and reassess any of those things that have changed.

You must also take into account other factors that will play a part in your decision. If you have a partner or family, you will have to consider if relocation is feasible. You will want to discuss personal and career goals with your partner and think about whether a particular job option will hinder either of you. Keep in mind that some institutions offer Ph.D. couples employment in some circumstances.

Once you have evaluated and clarified what you would like in your academic position, it will be easier for you to be flexible about what you will search for and accept in a position.

The Academic Job Search

Do I enjoy research?

Do I love to teach?

What kind of department am I looking for?

What kinds of colleagues would I like to work with?

What kind of institution would I like to work for? A research university? Private liberal arts college? Institutions with religious affiliations? Community college?

QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF:

• Curriculum Vitae (CV)• Academic Cover Letter• Teaching Philosophy• Teaching Portfolio• Research Statement• Letters of Recommendation• Credentials File• CV and Cover Letter Samples

APPLICATION MATERIALS


TIME TABLE FOR SEARCHING AND APPLYING TO ACADEMIC POSITIONSThe typical academic hiring cycle is October through May. The goal is to complete your dissertation the summer before your position starts. Trying to complete a dissertation while conducting a job search may seem tiring and intimidating, but if you have a plan for each step you will find the process manageable. Below is a sample timeline that will help you reach benchmarks along the way. Career Counselors at Career Services can provide some additional assistance with this.

Source: UCLA Career Center’s Graduate Student Career Guide. Adapted with permission from University of California Regents, 2014.

Write/update CV and draft of cover letter

Ask for letters of recommendation

Discuss plans with professors and advisor to get feedback on opportunities

Build your network of contacts; take advantage of conferences, poster presentations

Consider post-doc options, collect information and applications

Prepare supporting materials: Teaching Portfolio, Teaching Philosophy, Research Statement, Writing Sample

Have a Plan A (your ideal choice) and a Plan B (a backup plan) in place to ensure consistent progress

SUMMER (12 MONTHS AHEAD) Review job postings (ask advisors, check Employ-a-Bull, Chronicle of Higher Education, Academic 360, Professional Associations, internet (websites)

Attend conferences and professional association meetings where you can engage with other professionals

Target CV and cover letter to specific positions of interest

Keep track of applications

Prepare for interviews

FALL SEMESTER

Follow up on status of applications

Continue to apply for jobs and post-doc positions

Attend conferences (many organizations may conduct first-round interviews at these events)

WINTER SEMESTER

Continue to apply and interview

Evaluate offers

SPRING SEMESTER


The curriculum vitae is a summary of your accomplishments that are relevant to the world of academia. It is the standard form given to employers in an international setting. Keep in mind that this is a living document and should be updated frequently. Consider the type of position for which you are applying, whether it is teaching, research, or a combination, and then target your CV information accordingly.

AESTHETICS First and foremost, make sure that your CV is aesthetically pleasing. It should be well-designed, formatted properly and have minimal white space. Most importantly, make sure you proofread closely. You can always schedule an appointment with a career counselor to have it critiqued.

TIPSConsider having a master CV, similar to a master resume, with all of your professional experience and accomplishments. Once you decide on which positions to apply for, you can make different versions of your CV targeting these positions by pulling information from the master CV. You can never be too sure about what qualities and minor qualifications that a prospective employer is looking for, so being comprehensive in the information you provide will help to reach a broader audience. Create your CV in a word document and then convert it to a PDF file.

SECTIONS OF THE CURRICULUM VITAEArrange headings in order of importance as they relate to the position. Always remember to list information within each section in reverse chronological order.

Identifying Information: Name, address, phone number, email address and/or fax number. DO NOT include marital status, number of children or other personal characteristics.

Education: In reverse chronological order, list all of your degrees with the name of each institution and the date that each was awarded.

Dissertation or Thesis: Name the title and short description of your work, conclusions, advisor and reader.

Honors, Awards, Fellowships or Scholarships (Grants, Patents, etc.): Here is a good place to list any grants, awards or patents related to your research or dissertation. It is also a good idea to give the reader some context to explain the award so they understand its importance.

Professional Experience: This section will be arranged in a functional manner. Arrange your experience into subsections such as research experience, consulting, fieldwork, practice, postdoctoral work, industry, training, etc. Be sure to use action verbs when describing tasks in each category.

Research Experience: Scientists will briefly describe their postdoctoral, doctoral, and possibly undergraduate research. You should include both substance and techniques employed if relevant. List names of the institution, professor, project, and dates. Along with descriptions, note any contribution you made (Some scientists append a “Statement of Research Interests”).

Publications, Papers, Exhibits, Etc.: This section may be examined more in depth for positions that are research-based. Follow the citation rules of your field and bold your name so it is clearly seen. Feel free to include information for works that have not yet completed the publishing process, but are submitted and in press.

Teaching and Research Interests: List the classes you are prepared to teach and/or the areas you in which you are interested for research purposes. If you are qualified to teach in several areas, make sure to attach a list of graduate courses you have taken to show your credentials.

Academic Service: Include university-wide committees, groups, task forces that you have served on and showcase any leadership positions taken in each.

Certifications/Licensure: Any state or federal licensing for your field or certifications given by schools or associations affiliated with your field should be listed here.

Related Experience or Additional Experience or Languages: Any other experience that is relevant can be listed in this area if it does not fall into the other sections. Volunteer and relevant community work can be listed in this section. Any fluently written or spoken languages can also fall here.

Professional Associations: List all professional association memberships and be sure to include any leadership roles you have had.

References: Unlike the resume, the CV allows you a reference section. List the names and contact information of your professional references.

Application Materials: Curriculum Vitae (CV)


Curriculum Vitae (CV) Template*

EDUCATION PhD, Degree concentration, date expected or received Institution, City, State

Dissertation/Thesis Title Dissertation/Thesis Advisor (if ABD)

MA/MS Degree, Major, date received Institution, City, State

BA/BS Degree, Major (Minor), date received Institution, City, State

LICENSURE/CERTIFICATION (if applicable) [Skip a space between each main heading]

RESEARCH INTERESTS

RESEARCH/TEACHING/CLINICAL/PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Title, Institution, city, state, date [List each category of experience in a separate section. No space needed between the listings of experience]

PUBLICATIONS [Be sure to use the appropriate citation style from your field of study (APA, MLA or Chicago)]

PRESENTATIONS AND POSTERS

PAPERS PRESENTED [Be sure to use the appropriate citation style from your field of study (APA, MLA or Chicago)]

INVITED TALKS

HONORS/AWARDS

GRANTS/FELLOWSHIPS

ACADEMIC SERVICE

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS/MEMBERSHIPS

LANGUAGE (List language and level of proficiency)

SKILLS Computer, Laboratory (if applicable), Technical (if applicable)

PERSONAL INFORMATION Address, phone, and email are the only personal pieces of information to be listed. The following is never listed on a CV in the United States: birthdate/age, marital status, birthplace, citizenship, race, or a photograph.

REFERENCES

NAMEAddress (Home and Work)

Phone Email

*Keep in mind that all of the above referenced sections may not pertain to you and your experience. Utilize the CV sections that serve you best.



The Academic Cover Letter is your chance to introduce yourself to the search committee and persuade them that you have the qualifications they are seeking. Each cover letter must be tailored to fit the position and should focus on the skills and qualifications that are listed in the job description. While writing your letter, think about the mission and vision of the institution, and the experience, skills or qualities that you bring to the table. The letter should be no more than one to two pages. Be sure to have someone proofread it before including in your application materials. ACADEMIC COVER LETTER TEMPLATE (Use block format)

Academic Cover Letters

Date

Name of Contact Title Organization Address City, State Zip Code

Dear ________________:

PARAGRAPH 1 State why you are writing and your interest in the position. If you are writing to apply for a certain position, state the title. Be sure to explain where you heard of this person, organization, or opening. When writing to inquire about possible openings, state the specific area which interests you. Be enthusiastic here so they read on!

PARAGRAPHS 2 and 3 State the specific qualifications that make you a strong candidate for this opportunity. This is where you sell yourself. Relate your skills to the job description and responsibilities as well as the company’s values and purpose (but NEVER lie about this information). Show that you have interest in this particular job or organization rather than just a general interest in having any job. Remember that the employer is interested in how you can fill his or her needs, not just how the job will fill your needs. This information may be divided into 2 paragraphs to further relate specific qualifications you have or things you have done that are directly related to the requirements of this position.

PARAGRAPH 4 State what next steps you will take. Express your desire for an interview. Provide your phone number for contact. Always thank the person and express your appreciation for their time.

Sincerely,

Sign your name here. Your name typed

Enclosure: Resume

NAME Address, City, State, Zip Code

Phone number, Email



TEACHING PHILOSOPHY Institutions will often ask for your teaching philosophy which is why it is included in the application materials. This is where you express your passion for teaching while supporting this with examples. This will help the search committee in determining if you are the right candidate for the position. When drafting your teaching philosophy, think about why you teach, why you are passionate about the subject, how you impart that to students, what you expect of students and how you invest time to improve your skills.

RESEARCH STATEMENTResearch statements are a summary of your research, current work, and plans for future research. Your faculty advisor can help you with this process. This part of your application should focus on the needs and goals of the department. This area should demonstrate your strengths, direction, research, expertise and ability to get funding.

LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATIONWhen securing letters of recommendation, be sure to choose professors that know you and know your work. Ask these professors if they are willing to write a POSITIVE recommendation letter. Help them by furnishing information about yourself with your resume/CV, description of the position for which you are applying, the deadline information and any other pertinent information. You can further aid your professors in writing a stellar recommendation letter for you by providing them with a stamped envelope that is already addressed to the search committee or by utilizing an online reference letter service like Interfolio and providing your professors with the login/reference information. Do not forget to send thank you letters to your professors!

SEARCH FOR ACADEMIC POSITIONSNetworking is a great way to learn about positions. Do not take your networking opportunities for granted. Faculty, department officials, friends, family, alumni, and professionals can all be a part of your network.

• Job search websites

• University websites

• Professional associations

• Conferences/Conventions

• Professional publications

• Campus committees

• Listservs

SOURCES FOR JOB LISTINGS

Higher Ed Jobs HigherEdJobs.com

Inside Higher Ed InsideHigherEd.com

University Job Bank UJobbank.com

Chronicle of Higher Education Chronicle.com/jobs

Academic 360 Academic360.com

American Association of Community Colleges Aacc.nche.edu

POPULAR WEBSITES FOR ACADEMIC JOBS


The academic interview process can be challenging and is different from interviewing for non-academic jobs. The interview process will actually consist of several interviews and could last longer than a day. You may meet with the search committee, students, faculty, administrators and other campus departments. Parts of the interview may include: an academic presentation, dining with the search committee, and a campus and residential tour. Below is some information to guide you through the interviewing process.

The description for positions will differ based on the type of institution to which you are applying. This is also the case for the types of questions that will be asked during the interview. Research institutions will highlight research experience and focus on questions about your research plans. Teaching institutions will focus more on your teaching philosophy and experience.

Preparing for your interview early will help you to navigate the process successfully. Learn about the different types of interviews, i.e. telephone, conference, video conference interviews, and ways to approach each. Wear clothing that is professional yet comfortable, and be sure to have a few outfits from which to choose, as you may have different types of events to attend during your campus visit. Many institutions will reimburse you for travel expenses, but be sure to ask about this in advance.

Academic Interviews


QUESTIONS TO EXPECT IN AN ACADEMIC INTERVIEWConsult with faculty to gain some insight on what type of questions may be asked specific to your field of study. Below are some general questions that may be asked:

Tell us about yourself. * Here, be sure to share more than what is already in your application materials, and focus your comments on relevance to the position you are seeking.

Please discuss your dissertation research.

What are your short-term and long-term professional goals?

What is your research agenda?

Describe your research plan and potential funding sources. *Be prepared to answer direct questions about your research, as well as how it will fit into the departmental plans for the long run.

What contribution is your research making to the field?

What contributions are you prepared to make to our department?

Tell us about your teaching methods, philosophy and goals.

Which of our courses would you be most comfortable teaching?

Describe a challenging situation with a colleague, professor or student. How did you handle it?

How interested are you in collaborating with other faculty in other disciplines?

Do you have any questions for us? *Make sure to have questions. You can address curriculum, duties, research, promotion and tenure or future plans and trends for the department. Be sure to write your questions down and keep them with you during the interview; this will not only demonstrate your preparation, but will also prevent any potential memory lapses!


If you have decided to pursue a career outside of academia, your options are vast and your graduate studies and co-curricular activities are the journey to prepare you for the workplace. Everything that you do on this journey will be part of the packaged product that you present to employers during your job search. This package will include the knowledge you gained, research performed, and expertise that you have acquired in your field of interest. All of this information must be presented in a way that will help employers understand your value to a company or organization and how your qualifications directly relate to a position. The following information will help you along in the job search process.

TIMETABLE FOR SEARCHING AND APPLYING TO NON-ACADEMIC POSITIONS

Non-Academic Job Search

Write/update resume and draft of cover letter.

Compile listings of industries and companies of interest—begin to review their websites.

Build network of contacts (renew, initiate)—take advantage of conferences/ association memberships.

SUMMER SEMESTER Fall quarter is recruiting season

for many industries: finance, accounting, business, and engineering, among others; recruiters host information sessions, attend career fairs, and post positions on Employ-A-Bull.

Start networking: attend conferences, professional association meetings—meet other professionals.

Target resume and cover letter to specific positions of interest—use the job posting as a guide.

Keep track of applications.

Prepare for interviews.

FALL SEMESTER

In industries not addressed in fall recruiting, begin the job search now (see summer quarter tasks).

WINTER/SPRING SEMESTER

Source: UCLA Career Center’s Graduate Student Career Guide. Adapted with permission from

University of California Regents, 2014.

ASSESS YOURSELFIn order to determine what type of job would be best suited for you, you need to evaluate your skills, interests, personality and values. You should also think about your experiences and accomplishments that are listed on your resume. Target your resume to the qualifications and skills the job requires. If you are still unsure of what type of position would be best suited for you, remember career counselors are available at Career Services to help you decide. Career Services provides a battery of assessments that can aid you in determining what type of job you would like to have.


You have acquired many skills during your time as a graduate student. Although you may not have experience in the workplace, many of your skills may be transferable and applicable to duties in the workplace. Look at the categories below to find your skill areas.

This skill set includes the ability to articulate ideas in an organized and concise manner. Presentation skills in front of small or large audiences are a part of this skill set as well. With proper communication skills, you should be able to write at all levels, whether it is a brief abstract or description or a longer manuscript-type document. Other skills and abilities demonstrated here include knowledge of foreign languages, ability to explain difficult concepts to others and use of logical arguments.

WRITTEN AND ORAL COMMUNICATION

This skill set includes the ability to work effectively in a team atmosphere and also show initiative where necessary. Conducting meetings, collaborating on projects, teaching and motivating others and navigating the hierarchical structure of the organization are all components of this skill set. Being able to respond appropriately to positive and negative feedback is another important factor to keep in mind.

INTERPERSONAL AND LEADERSHIP SKILLS

This skill set requires the ability to not only identify problems and causes, but offer up possible solutions. Research skills are important here since identifying sources of information that are applicable to the problem is the very first step to the problem-solving process. Comprehending large amounts of information and then pinpointing what is relevant are next steps taken when using this skill set. You must be able to examine different courses of action objectively and defend any plausible conclusions.

ANALYSIS AND PROBLEM-SOLVING

This skill set requires you to be able to manage a project from beginning to end. Identifying and setting goals, creating timelines for completion, prioritizing tasks and anticipating potential problems are also parts of this set. Do not forget that being flexible in the face of adversity is of high importance when managing single projects or multiple projects at one time.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION

This skill set requires the management of time with little supervision, which is an important skill to have and to demonstrate to employers. You should be able work effectively and independently to meet deadlines, comprehend new material quickly and be attentive to detail.

SELF-MANAGEMENT /SELF STARTING

Transferable Skills


Once you have assessed yourself and identified your skills, it is time to explore career options that are a good match for you. In order to find the right match for you, your first step should be to conduct research.

GATHER INFORMATION BY USING THESE SUGGESTED RESOURCES: You will likely be able to find more information about public companies - companies that sell their stock on the market. Public companies make available their annual reports and other documents required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in the database EDGAR. Companies use the annual report to show the company in the best light. Private companies may also make annual reports available on their website.

Finding the industry code will help locate industry information from the government. Businesses are classified using the North American Industry Classification System.

Business databases provided by college libraries can be an excellent tool. You can utilize: Lexis/Nexis Academic, ABI/Inform, Business Insights, ReferenceUSA, Hoover Company Profiles, Mergent Online, D&B Million Dollar Databases, and Ward Business Directory of U.S. and Private Companies

Plunkett’s Companion to The Almanac of American Employers 2013: Market Research, Statistics & Trends Pertaining to America’s Hottest Mid-size Employers by Plunkett, Jack W. is a great example of a helpful electronic book available to students through the USF Library.

Thinking about relocating? Check the Bureau of Labor Statistics Wage Data by Area and Occupation. Additionally, the World Fact Book and Cost of Living Calculators can be helpful. You can also check the Places Rated Almanac for information about a new city.

Glassdoor.com is a website that provides information about the company from current and former employees. The employees provide information on salaries and the interviewing process for their respective companies. Jobs openings are also listed on this site.

Find salary estimates and job projections using the Occupational Outlook Handbook.

Careers.org is a private company that collects, organizes, and displays job and career information found from the government and other private sources available online.

Career One Stop is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor and pulls state and federal data together regarding jobs, careers, and salaries.

MyPlan is a private company whose website contains information on careers, majors, salaries, and has a video library. If you are interested in these resources, talk with your career counselor about an access code and the assessment component part of this tool.

Talk with a career counselor about learning how to do an informational interview. Informational interviews provide a student with a-day-in-the-life perspective at a specific company.

Follow companies which interest you on LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook and additional social media.

OTHER INFORMATION RESOURCES• Company websites• Chat and review boards• Employer Information Sessions-check the USF Career

Services website for upcoming dates and visiting companies

• Informational Interviews• Personal and Professional Contacts • Career Shadowing

Information Gathering

http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml

http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/concordances/concordances.html

http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/concordances/concordances.html

http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=84b580ad-27f9-433b-9643-b554769c0d6f%40sessionmgr4005&hid=4102&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=cat00847a&AN=usflc.031445447



http://www.bls.gov/bls/blswage.htm

http://www.bls.gov/bls/blswage.htm

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/

http://money.cnn.com/calculator/pf/cost-of-living/

http://www.glassdoor.com/index.htm

http://www.bls.gov/ooh/

http://www.careers.org/

http://www.careeronestop.org/

http://www.myplan.com/


It is important to extensively research the field, company, or organization which interests you in order to obtain a proper understanding of what you could potentially be doing as a career. Follow these guidelines:1. Do not wait to do research until you are under job search pressure and are feeling budget constraints. Keeping up-to-

date with employers for which you would like to work and labor market trends is something you should begin doing as early as your freshman year.

2. Do not depend on one website or resource for data. For example, cross check salary information with other reliable resources to assure consistency and accuracy.

3. Do not pay money on the internet to purchase career books or videos without checking with career services staff or librarians. You have free access to quality resources and assessments through USF’s resources. Additionally, be careful of any private information you provide on the internet when searching for career information. You may end up on solicitation lists and receive unwanted emails.

4. It is important to understand the basics about an industry. Is an industry expanding or contracting? How is technology impacting the industry? Which organizations are the most successful in their industry, and where are they located? What is the rate of pay for the most skilled workers and executives?

5. Do research beyond the basic information that a company presents on its website about products, services, employees, locations, and finances. This means you should look for materials such as recent articles about the company and public documents the company has submitted to the federal government. Consider the following:

• What are their goals for the short term?• What are the challenges for the company? • Who are the competitors for a company and what is their market share? • What types of positions is the company posting and why are they posting them? • Have there been any recent changes in management, lawsuits, downsizing, or changes in product/service lines?

JOB SEARCH STRATEGIES AND TIPSOnce you have conducted research on your industry of choice and feel comfortable with moving forward to the job search and application stage, there are still steps you can take to make yourself more competitive. Here are some tips to help:

1. Define your preferences and know what you have to offer.

2. Create an elevator speech to use at networking events. Check out some information on Elevator Speeches (www.usf.edu/career-services/students/elevator-speeches.aspx)

3. Identify employers in your industry and research their websites. Find out if they recruit graduate students and/or have special recruiting programs for graduate students.

4. Use USF resources including Employ-A-Bull, Career Fairs and Employer Information Sessions.

5. Network! Attend career fairs, tell people about your plans, talk to professionals and help others. The people you help now may be able to help you in some form later.

6. Conduct informational interviews to learn more about your field and specific job descriptions. An employer may even offer a position if they are impressed with you.

7. Contact companies directly via phone, email or in person to inquire about open positions.

8. Review job search websites and take note of the duties for specific job titles. Match them with the skills you currently have and pay attention to skill areas that you may need to improve. Using keywords can aid you in your search. Check ONETonline.com for sample job titles.

9. Professional associations provide a great way to find specialized job boards that are industry specific. Join, attend meetings and review their job board.

10. Review professional journals to stay up-to-date in your field; many companies advertise job openings.

11. Consider using a staffing/employment agency or recruiting firm. Employers pay these third parties, so you don’t have to.

During this process, stay positive! Finding a job is a full-time job in itself, so do not be afraid to solicit help. Let others know you are in the job market and what you are seeking. Share your elevator speech with them so they have some background information on you. If your contacts hear about a relevant position they will be able to pass the information on to you, or better yet, tell the employer contact a little about you. Do not depend on anyone else to get you a job. Continue to be proactive!


Résumés and cover letters are marketing tools whose primary focuses are to land you an interview. These documents are designed to demonstrate the unique skills and qualifications you can bring to the company and position. Each document has its own unique purpose. It is important for the applicant to learn how to best market themselves on each document. Schedule an appointment with a career counselor at Career Services, bring in a hard copy and we will provide you with feedback.

References do not need to be listed on your resume. Type your references on a separate sheet with the same heading as your resume and bring it along with you to your interview.

RESUME SECTIONSName and Contact Information Your name, address, phone number and email address should be listed at the top of the page. If you have a permanent and a temporary address, you may list both.

Objective The objective statement is an optional section of the resume, but if used it should be clear and concise. Check out some more information on drafting objective statements here: Writing an Objective Statement (www.usf.edu/career-services/documents/how-to-write-an-objective-statement1.pdf)

Summary of Skills This section is also optional but is a good way of highlighting relevant skills at the very top of your resume. Use this section for keywords related to the position for which you are applying.

Education Your education should be listed in reverse chronological order with the institution name, location, degree achieved and graduation or expected graduation date provided.

Relevant Coursework In another optional section, you can list courses taken, honors received and study abroad experiences. Make sure to only highlight relevant coursework.

Licenses/Certifications If you have licenses or certifications relevant to the position, you may list them here; otherwise this section can be placed at the end of the resume or left off completely.

Experience The experience section is the heart of the resume and relays pertinent information to prospective employers about what skills, abilities and working knowledge you can bring to a new position. Include the name, location, dates worked and positions held for each organization listed. For each position, detail your responsibilities and accomplishments starting with action verbs, but keep the verb tenses consistent. You may list unpaid jobs, internships and volunteer work in this section.

Additional Sections Do not be afraid to list more information that may enhance your resume such as organizations or associations of which you are a member and the office held (if any) as well as academic honors.

Application Materials


Resume: Chronological Format

OBJECTIVE

EDUCATION (List in reverse chronological order)Name of Degree Date Expected or ReceivedName of Institution City, State Name of Degree Date Expected or ReceivedName of Institution City, State

Name of Degree Date Expected or ReceivedName of Institution City, State

LICENSES/CERTIFICATIONS

EXPERIENCE (list in reverse chronological order)Position Held Dates workedOrganization Name City State• List accomplishments and tasks• Start each bullet point with an action verb, present tense if still doing this work or past tense if the duties

have ended Position Held Dates workedOrganization Name City State• List accomplishments and tasks• Start each bullet point with an action verb, present tense if still doing this work or past tense if the duties

have ended

HONORS AND AWARDS

ACTIVITIES

SKILLS

NAMEAddress Line 1Address Line 2

City, State Zip CodePhone Number

Email


This format is the traditional resume version that is most commonly seen. The sections follow the sequence education, experience and skills with each section set up chronologically.


Resume: Functional Format


SUMMARY OF SKILLS/SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS• Overall accomplishments• Industry related keywords/skills

EXPERIENCESkill Area• Accomplishment utilizing this skill• Problems solved using this skill• Positive effect on organization due to this skill• Quantifiable results that are an outcome of this skill

Skill Area• Accomplishment utilizing this skill• Problems solved using this skill• Positive effect on organization due to this skill• Quantifiable results that are an outcome of this skill

WORK HISTORY Position Held Dates workedOrganization Name City State

Position Held Dates workedOrganization Name City State


HONORS AND AWARDS

ACTIVITIES



Email

This format is a little less familiar to employers, but it allows for the experience section to be listed by function rather than in chronological order. In the experience section of the resume, there may be subsections listing the functional areas into which your current and previous work fall. Examples of subsections are Administrative, Customer Service, or Management. This resume format is beneficial for a career changer or someone with limited experience as it puts less emphasis on the jobs worked and dates; more emphasis is put on the skills learned.



Resume: Combination Format

OBJECTIVE


Name of Degree Date Expected or ReceivedName of Institution City, State

SKILLS • List industry specific skills• List job specific skills• Skills• Skills


INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE (in reverse chronological order)Position Held Dates workedOrganization Name City State• List accomplishments and tasks• Start each bullet point with an action verb, present tense if still doing this work or past tense if the duties

have ended

ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE (in reverse chronological order)Position Held Dates workedOrganization Name City State• List accomplishments and tasks• Start each bullet point with an action verb, present tense if still doing this work or past tense if the duties

have ended

ACTIVITIES



Email


This format allows for portions from both the chronological and the functional formats. This format is the least familiar to employers but gives more freedom to the job seeker to present sections in a sequence more personal and effective for their skills and work experience.


Cover Letter

You should always send a cover letter with your resume and it should be specifically tailored to the position for which you are applying. The cover letter gives you the opportunity to elaborate about the skills you have relevant to the job. Some things to remember: Keep the letter to one page Follow standard business letter format Match the heading of your cover letter to that of your resume. Show enthusiasm and keep the tone positive Clearly express several logical reasons for interest in the organization. You may mention recent positive news about the organization.

Focus on how your skills, talents and abilities will benefit the employer. Do this by relating these traits to the job description and showing how you will add value. Address the relative skills without copying word for word from the job description.

Demonstrate your knowledge of the company briefly without giving a full account of its history, vision, mission, etc.

Have someone proofread your letter before sending it out.


Date

Name of Contact Title Organization Address City, State Zip Code

Dear ________________,

THE OPENING PARAGRAPH State the reason for the letter. Include the specific referral source - where did you find the job? Sound excited!

THE BODYUse information you have learned about the company, its products or services explain how you can help achieve its objectives. What are one to two key qualifications you need to help the employer focus in on? How does your academic background qualify you? Point out your specific/unique achievements but don’t duplicate your résumé info.

THE CLOSING PARAGRAPH State your interest in an interview and indicate your flexibility in time and place. Repeat your contact info. Indicate your plan for following up on the receipt of your application materials. Remember your signature and typed name.

Sincerely,

Sign your name here. Your name typed

Enclosure: Resume

NAME Address, City, State, Zip Code

Phone number, Email


Did you know that 80% of positions are obtained through networking? By networking with professionals in targeted companies and/or occupations of interest, opportunities are more likely to arise. Networking helps gather information to make educated decisions on majors, careers and employers. Career Services’ events, social media, friends, family, and associations are great networking resources.

PREPARATION FOR A NETWORKING EVENT Research the organizations and companies that will be in attendance at a networking event. Knowing your audience, and even specific people with whom you wish to speak, shows you are informed.

Dress for success. This may be the first time you meet a prospective employer and you want to dress professionally. Use cards and notes. Bring business cards with your contact information (you can have them easily printed at an office supply store) and bring a pen to make notes regarding the contact you make for follow-up if you receive business cards.

Develop your script. Having a 2-sentence introduction already prepared and practiced shows confidence and preparing open-ended questions will help you keep the conversation flowing.

EXECUTION DURING THE EVENT Arrive early. Fake it till you make it – walking into a room with confidence and engaging in a conversation will come through. Appearing approachable by relaxing your arms by your sides, establishing eye contact and smiling all help you get into conversations.

FOLLOW-UP AFTER A NETWORKING EVENT When exchanging business cards with a contact with whom you wish to follow up, ask their preference as to how they like to be contacted; some prefer email, others by phone.

Do not delay. 48 hours is the time frame in which many contacts will still be able to remember your conversation. Maintain the relationship. It is important to stay in touch with valuable contacts to cultivate the relationship. Invite them to professional events your company may be hosting or introduce them to other contacts they may benefit from and always follow up.

Networking

Increase your visibility by being seen at professional, social and community events

Expand your pool of contacts

Learn new things that can be helpful in your career

Build your personal brand

Gain access to powerful and influential individuals

Expand your sphere of influence

Increase your marketability

Position yourself for new career opportunities

THE BENEFITS OF NETWORKING


The interview step of the job search process can seem unnerving, but this is actually the best part of the process! You finally get to meet your potential employer in person and show them the brand they are buying in to. The brand is YOU! The interview is an important step because it gives both you and the employer the opportunity to determine whether you are right for the job and if the job is right for you. You should be prepared to find out more about the job and the organization, just as the employer is prepared to find out more about you.

THE EMPLOYER WANTS TO KNOW: Do you know about the company and what the company does?

Why do you want to work for the company? Why should you be hired? Do you want to work there? Can you do the job? Does your personality match the team that is already in place?

In general, you should answer each question in 1-2 minutes. Practice being concise in your response, but also make sure you’re answering all parts of the question and providing enough information.

STAR is a great acronym to use when answering behavioral interview questions. Behavioral questions will ask you to describe a time where you dealt with a particular situation. The STAR method will help you format your answers so that you are answering all parts of the question and providing sufficient information.

Situation: Describe the specific situation, and make sure you provide enough detail for your interviewer(s) to fully understand. This situation can be taken from your current job, or any previous jobs, internships, or volunteer experiences. Successes or challenges experienced during team projects or assignments for school can also be great for illustrating your skills and achievements.

Task: What was the task or goal you had to complete?

Action you took: What did you do to change/address the situation? What specific steps did you take? Remember to focus on yourself and not the work of team members. Use the word “I,” rather than “we.” What did you do?

Result you achieved: What were the outcomes of your actions? What happened, and what did you learn or take away from it?

Interviewing


BEFORE THE INTERVIEW, IT IS IMPORTANT TO DO FOUR THINGS:1. Research the company. (www.usf.edu/career-services/students/guide-to-employer-research.aspx)2. Practice and prepare questions.3. Review your image.4. Know the logistics (think location, time, and dress code).

PRACTICE ANSWERING QUESTIONS This cannot be stressed enough: In order to do well, you must practice your answers to questions. There is no guarantee that the questions you are reviewing will be asked in the interview. However, practicing allows you to gain confidence with organizing and communicating responses, and it is likely that similar questions will be asked, even if the wording is different.

DAY OF THE INTERVIEW Arrive 10-15 minutes before the interview. Turn off your phone or leave it in your car. Check in with receptionist and be kind to everyone you meet. This is a rule to follow in any situation, but especially when interviewing. You never know whose input will be solicited when the employer is evaluating candidates.

Greet your interviewer with a firm handshake and warm smile. Be sure to make and maintain eye contact throughout the interview.

At the end of the interview, be sure to have questions for the interviewer. These should be prepared beforehand and well thought out so as to impress the interviewer.

Before leaving the interview, be sure to find out the next steps in the process. Ask the interviewer about the follow-up time frame and if you should contact them or vice-versa. Ask for a business card so you have his or her contact information, and extend a thank you as well as a handshake with a smile.

AFTER THE INTERVIEW Always send a thank-you letter after an interview. This is a sign of courtesy and shows your enthusiasm and appreciation for the chance to interview. A thank you letter is often the difference between getting the job or not. The letter can be short and to the point, but be sure to check for grammar and include these things:

Thank the interviewer for the time taken to interview you and discuss the position.

Emphasize your skills, experience and abilities. State your interest in the position.

For more interview tips and information, we recommend the following resources: Quintcareers Best Job Interview

*You can also set up an appointment with a career counselor at the Office of Career Services for more help in preparing for your interview.


Defined by the National Postdoctoral Association, “A postdoctoral scholar (“postdoc”) is an individual holding a doctoral degree who is engaged in a temporary period of mentored research and/or scholarly training for the purpose of acquiring the professional skills needed to pursue a career path of his or her choosing.” In a post-doctoral position, you have the opportunity to focus on your research without having to teach or serve on university committees or other governing bodies. This is a time to advance your research, gain additional skills, publish findings and establish your academic credentials.

Consult your professors, mentors, advisors, family and friends when in the process of deciding whether or not to pursue a post-doc.

WHEN DECIDING ON WHETHER TO DO A POST-DOC, ASK YOURSELF: What do you ultimately want to do in your career? Is the post-doc a requirement for the job or career you want? What type of post-doc will best prepare you for your career? What personal aspects of your life do you need to consider? Family? Expenses?

Post-Doctoral Fellowships

• Further your own research

• Can devote 100% time to research

• Manage own research funds

• Flexible work schedule and freedom to attend conferences

• Acquire additional research and technical skills

• Required for many faculty positions and warrants higher starting pay

PROS

WHEN SELECTING A POST-DOC POSITION, ASK THE FOLLOWING: Amount of freedom to pursue your research? How much time is available to develop papers for your dissertation?

Is time frame reasonable to complete and publish research? Are there any other responsibilities? (teaching, etc.) Are you encouraged/required to attend seminars? How involved is the Principle Investigator? Will you be part of a research team? Will you be conducting analysis for your PI? Are you expected to only work on your dissertation in evening and weekends?

Is your PI open to the idea of an alternative career?

WHERE TO FIND A POST-DOCPostdocjobs.comFindapostdoc.com

Nationalpostdoc.orgHigheredjobs.com

Phds.orgChronicle.com/jobs

Source: UCLA Career Center’s Graduate Student Career Guide. Adapted with permission from University of California Regents, 2014.

• No job description/little structure

• Not permanent, typically only lasts 1-5 years

• Low pay/postpone earnings

• Relocation may be required

• No guarantee of academic position

CONS

Documents

GRADUATE STUDENT Career Guide · Career Services is pleased to provide you with this . Graduate Student Career Guide. This guide encompasses a host of information, including job search