Gps United Airlines

8/12/2019 Gps United Airlines

1/31

02/10/08

GPS Benefits for Aviation

Captain Joe Burns

Managing Director

Flight Standards and TechnologyUnited Airlines


2/31

How does GPS benefit Aviation?:

Precision Navigation = MORECAPACITY, MORE ALLWEATHER OPS

Precision Timing = BETTERFLOW MANAGEMENT,

COMMON TIME PLATFORM Position awareness = SAFETY

Repeatability =

Reduced fuel burn Reduced block times


3/31

GPS Description

The 24 satellites of the GPS are placedin orbits at about 3.75 times the radiusof the Earth (11000 nm). A GPS receivercan triangulate its position on theEarth's surface within 30 meters or less

with signals from three of the satellites.The satellites are arranged in six orbitalplanes with four satellites in each

plane. Single frequency receiver, 5degree mask angle


4/31

How can we use GPS today?:

Area Navigation (RNAV)

Required Navigation Performance (RNP)

Position and event reporting

Common Timebase

Surface Moving Map Runway Awareness and Advisory System

(RAAS)

Automatic Dependent Surveillance (FANS,ADS-B)


5/31

ATL Non RNAV Tracks


6/31

ATL with RNAV Tracks


7/31

DEN

ZIMMR

CONNR

BAYLR

N

DR1_RWY

ETG

Tracks colorized by altitude:

0-100 Red100-150 Green

150-200 Blue

200-250 Yellow

250+ Grey

Old West Gate Traffic Flow Modeled in Simulation


8/31

DEN

ZIMMR

CONNR

BAYLR

N

DR1_RNAV

ETG

Tracks colorized by altitude:

0-100 Red100-150 Green

150-200 Blue

200-250 Yellow

250+ Grey

New Departure Allocation Modeled in Simulation


9/31

SOUTHEAST ISOLATION DURING

SIMULTANEOUS INTRUMENT APPROACHES


10/31

ISOLATED BASE STREAM WITH MODIFIED FEED


11/31

Simultaneous Offset Instrument Approaches SOIA at

SFO

Allows 3400 Parallels

Visual after that

25% Arrival rateincrease over singlerunway option

Will allow dual runwayoperations to 2,100foot ceilings initially,later to 1,600 feet, &

visibility of 4 miles Began 10/26/04

SFO 28L


12/31

RNP: Allows Better Use of Parallel Runways


13/31

KDCA-RNP

Approach

RNP .11 required


14/31

RNP in Terrain

Using RNP in terrain

environment increases safety

margin and adds capacity

typical RNP 0.3


15/31

Tracking turbulence/weather with GPS position


16/31


17/31

Surface Moving Map video - FLL


18/31

34L 16RA9 A6A

7 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1

A A

B

11

29

34R 16L

G1G2G3G4G5G6

G

D

D1

D2

D3

D4

A8

ApproachingOne-One

RAAS System

Approaching Runway - On Ground

Conditions for advisory:

Advisory depends on aircraft

groundspeed, heading and

nearest runway end

Earlier call-out at higher

speeds

Inhibited above 40 knots No distraction during

take-off/landing ground

roll

44% of Runway Incursionsin our study involve

loss of position awareness.


19/31

RAAS in action (UAL B777 @DEN)

100 remaining.AVI

Runway End Advisory Call-Out

Aircraft on the runwayAircraft heading +/- 20 deg of runway heading

Aircraft enters last 100 feet of runwayAircraft groundspeed in < 40kts

100 remaining


20/31


21/31

RAAS in action #2

Intersection Departure

Insufficient Runway

Aircraft must enter into runwayAircraft heading +/- 20 deg of runwayheading

Distance for takeoff less thannominal (user selected)

On runway 34 Left, one thousandtwo hundred remaining


22/31


23/31

Surface / Terminal / En Route / Oceanic

What is ADS-B?

Automatic Dependent

Surveillance

Broadcast


24/31

Surface / Terminal / En Route / Oceanic

Oceanic Tailored Arrivals using GPS


25/31

In the airIn the air

and on the groundand on the ground

ADS-B Enables Safety


26/31

Radar Equivalent Services in High-Terrain Airspace UsingADS-B Out

Eliminates one-in-one-out

Uses RNP with GPS for lowerminimums

Precision RNP missed approaches

GBT

GBT


27/31

Merging andSpacing

Constant

Descent

Approach

CDTI AssistedVisual

Separation

Ramp Tower DisplayUPS at Louisville

SurfaceSurface

ADS-B Improves Performance &

Efficiency

Air to Air


28/31

Current RADAR Separation Standards

5nm En Route

3nm Terminal

2.5nm Terminal on approach 1.5nm Terminal on staggered dependent approaches

4,300 feet on independent parallel approaches


29/31

Separation Mins with GPS/ADS-B

SeparationStandard

Satellite Constellation Av >0.9999 (with 2 deg. Mask Angle)

24 27 30

No SV

Unusable

1 SV

Unusable

2 SVs

Unusable

No SV

Unusable

1 SV

Unusable

2 SVs

Unusable

No SV

Unusable

1 SV

Unusable

2 SVs

Unusable

5NM En RouteYes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

3NM TerminalPossible No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes

2.5NM Terminal on FinalApproach

Possible No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes

1.5NM Terminal on ParallelDependent Approach

Uncertain No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes

4300FT Terminal on ParallelIndependent Approach

No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes


30/31

Why GPS for aviation?

02/10/08

Space-based navigation will allow more aircraft in ourairspace:

Guarantee of 30 GPS satellites will reduce en-routeand terminal spacingGPS will reduce fuel burn and greenhouse gasemissions:

More direct, time-based routingsGPS will enable safer operations due to positionawareness:

Reduce runway incursionsProvides greater situational awareness


31/31

02/10/08

Thank you!

Documents

Gps United Airlines