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G.P. SRIVASTAVABhabha Atomic Research Centre
INDIA
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 1
Regulatory Effectiveness in Safety/Security
�Public perception and acceptance of Nuclear Industry depend greatly on Regulatory Effectiveness.
�Global fall out of any Safety or Security related incident has an impact on the entire Nuclear Industry.
�Regulatory process for Safety and Security has become more stringent over last one decade or so, -in particular for Nuclear Security.
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 2
Fundamental Requisite
� High level of Nuclear and Radiation Safety
� Effective and efficient Regulatory measures
� Applicability, maintainability and upgradability
� Consistent with National/ International standards
� Incorporation of CPPNM, Code of Conduct,
and UN resolution
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 3
Global Safety and Security Regime
-Linkages and Standards- (India)
With information/ guidance from IAEA and as fit for the State, the Regulatory body has developed guides for Nuclear Safety comprehensively ; and for Security including
�Manual on Security of Nuclear Installations
� Guide on Security of Radioactive Sources in Radiation Facilities
�Guide on Security of Radioactive Material during Transport
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 4
Roles, Functions and Value of TSOs
�Translate the conventions/ guidelines from International Agencies like IAEA and legal frameworks into Nuclear Security Regime thru’ Implementable solutions.
�Set up the Technical and Operational Infrastructurefor Nuclear Security.
�Support the Training, Maintenance, Update and Life Cycle Management Programs.
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 5
Advise to Regulatory Body on Good Practices
�Clear and acceptable Requirement Definitions.
�Adding value to enhance the security effectiveness by sustainable state of art gadgets.
�Linkages with various organs of nuclear security –Prevention, Detection and Response
�Linking with local agencies with Emergency preparedness
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 6
Technical Support in Design, Deployment and
Maintenance
�Technical Support Organizations (TSO) are also engaged other Scientific/Engineering activities of such facilities. TSO play a vital role in all stages viz. Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance of any Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities.
�Multi disciplinary Bhabha Atomic Research Centre for the last 50 years has been responsible for Technical support on Analysis and design of Nuclear Safety and Security Systems –bridging the requirement gap between Nuclear Power Corporation and Regulatory Body
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 7
Support for Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (TSO) helps in:
�Nuclear Physics ,Chemistry and Nuclear Engineering
�Metallurgy and Materials Science
� Risk Assessment/ Computational Techniques
�Modeling and Simulation
�Process Development for Demonstration
�Industry to back the supply
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 8
Nuclear Fuel Cycle ActivitiesIndia has activities encompassing all stages of Nuclear Fuel Cycle:
� Exploration & Mining
� Nuclear Fuel Fabrication
� Power Generation
� Spent Fuel Reprocessing
� Waste Management
Nuclear Fuel Cycle
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 9
Nuclear Activity Map Of India
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 10
NPPs in India
Power Plants Capacity
Operational 4560 MWe
Under Construction 2220 Mwe
Launched in 2010 2480 MWe
Proposed 34100 MWe
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 11
Operating Nuclear Power Reactors
PHWR1x100, 1x200 4 X 220 RAJASTHAN
PHWR3 X 220 KAIGA
PHWR
2 X 220 MWe
NARORA
PHWR
2 X 220 MWe
KAKRAPARA
BWR 2x160 + 2x540 TARAPUR
PHWR 1-170 MWe, 2-220 Mwe KALPAKKAM
19 Operating NPPs ~ 4560MWe (Approx. 3% of total energy )
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 12
Physical Protection System- typical approach
Source : Sandia National Laboratory, USA
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 13
Integrated Physical Protection System
CCTV Alarm Assessment
CENTRAL CONTROL- Monitoring- Processing- Display- Control
X-RAY BAGGAGE & METAL DETECTOR (Material Search)
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 14
IPPS – Vehicle Access control
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 15
Video Analytics
Integrated Physical Protection Systems
-Surveillance
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 16
Insiders threat
All insiders can use stealth and deceit.
Violent insiders may be rational or irrational.
Passive
Active
Nonviolent
Violent
Internally motivated or externally coerced
Unwilling to use force against personnel
Willing to use force against personnel
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 17
Response Forces and Legal Aspects
�Strategies for effective responses– Day and Night supports
�Linkages with different Ministries –records
�Atomic Energy Act 1962 and its amendments in 2006, 2008 and 2009.
� Forensics supports
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 18
Typical Reporting and Communication
Chief Operations
Officer
Chief Security Officer
Chief Personnel Officer
Local AdministrationLocal Police / Intelligence Agencies
Chief Maintenance
Officer
Chief Executive Officer
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 19
Activities at other than Nuclear Installations
� Cross borders
� Seaports
� Airports
� Radioactive Sources in Industry, Agriculture and
Hospitals
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 20
Radiation Detectors and Deployment
Mobile Monitoring Laboratory
Aerial Monitoring
Personal Detectors
Environment Radiation DetectorsPersonnel Search Radiation Detectors
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 21
Radiation Detectors
� Type of detectors
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 22
Information security
Information Security Components:
� Confidentiality
� Integrity and
� Availability
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 23
Support needed for a sustainable NS system
�Resources for PPS/Nuclear Security
�Technical/ operational manpower
�Training in PPS/Nuclear Security
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 24
Challenges in Sustainable Nuclear Security
� Addressing the ever changing need of Nuclear Security in line with change in DBT
� Ensuring systems meet the end objective of robust Nuclear Security for all nuclear fuel cycle activities.
� Communication amongst Security Managers / Plant operating staff for better harmony
� Development of Security Culture
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 25
Human Support Development
� Regional Training Courses (RTC) with IAEA –Including a visit to the Nuclear Power Plant
� National Courses on
- Nuclear Security ,
- Security of Radioactive Materials, and
- Radiation Safety
� Setting up Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership – near New Delhi, India.
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 26
Human Support Development
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 27
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 28
Major Public Events – Commonwealth Games,
New Delhi
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 29
Needs to
�Interface between safety and security
�Standardization for inspection/ reviews
�Sustained availability of equipments
�Possibility of upgrades without radical changes in the integrated plan.
�Meeting the challenges of dynamically changing security scenario
�Organizing the ‘INTEGRATION’ in a secure manner – As Per Country’s policy
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 30
CONCLUSION� State may have to develop their own Nuclear Security
regime as per obligations.
� Technical support is best drawn from the strength within the state- even if the plant is imported
� Indian model will keep the TSOs motivated as they feel part of R&D with opportunities
� Can provide best support to Regulatory as well as to Utility
� Linkage with Academia is best possible
� Global partnership is good to the extent applicable.
International Conference on Challenges faced by Technical and Support Organizations (TSO) in Enhancing Nuclear Safety and Security
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India 32