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Basic explaination of control speed for governor
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04/13/23 1
TURBO MACHINARY CONTROL
PREPARED BY
SUPRIYANA
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Type Dasar Turbine :
Impulse/ Back Pressure Turbine
Reaction Turbine
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REACTION TURBINE
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IMPULSE TURBINE
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KLASIFIKASI TURBINE
1. Single Casing Vs Compound Casing (Tandem)
2. Condensing Vs Non Condensing
3. Extraction Vs Non Extraction
4. Reheat Vs Non Reheat
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CONTOH VARIASI
GAMBAR-GAMBAR TURBINE
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CONDENSING TURBINE EXTRACTION-ADMISSION
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BACK PRESSURE TURBINE EXTRACTION-ADMISSION
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BACK PRESSURE TURBINE 2 CASING
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BACK PRESSURE TURBINE
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BACK PRESSURE TURBINE TWO EXTRACTION
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FULL CONDENSING
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CONDENSING TURBINE TWO CASING
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CONDENSING TURBINE DOUBLE EXRACTION
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TANDEM COMPOUND TWO FLOW REHEAT STEAM CONDENSING TURBINE
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CONDENSING TURBINE & CONTROLPARTS
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STEAM VALVE PARTs
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CONTROL TURBINE GOVERNOR VALVE SPEED SENSOR SPEED CONTROLLER
PROTEKSI TURBINE MAIN STOP VALVE/ TTV MECHANICAL OVER SPEED BOLT MECHANICAL OST DIGITAL
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KOMPONEN GOVERNOR CONTROL
04/13/23 20ELECTRONIK GOVERNOR CONTROL
ELECTRONIK GOVERNOR CONTROLELECTRONIK GOVERNOR CONTROL
04/13/23 21MECHANICAL GOVERNOR CONTROL
MECHANICAL GOVERNOR CONTROL (CONTROLLER = PNEUMATICMECHANICAL GOVERNOR CONTROL (CONTROLLER = PNEUMATIC
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BENTUK-BENTUK MECHANICAL GOVERNOR
04/13/23 23MECHANIKAL GOVERNORMECHANIKAL GOVERNOR
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Peralatan Pada Turbine Yang dipakai untuk mengatur kecepatan secara otomatis dan atau membatasi kecepatan turbine.
Peralatan untuk mengatur konsumsi energi papa turbine.
Sensor Dasar Governor adalah Sensor Kecepatan putar (speed) atau kadang beban dipakai untuk mengatur energy masukan.
Control Driver Bisa Pneumatic ataupun Electronik
JADI APAKAH GOVERNOR ITU ??
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PADA JALAN YANG RATA
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PADA BEBAN YANG TETAP
Sopir Mengontrol Governor Rambu Kecepatan Max sebagai
setting Speed Jika Spedometer = Angka di
rambu maka sopir menahan pedal gas pada kondisi tetap
Bensin Yang terpakai adalah tetap sampai ada perubahan kecepatan.
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PADA TANJAKAN
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PADA BEBAN NAIK / TANJAKAN Beban Mobil Naik, Kecepatan Turun Kecepatan dibawah Keinginan Sopir Sopir menginjak Pedal gas sehingga
kecepatan mobil sesuai dengan setting/rambu kecepatan
Sebelum Kecepatan melebihi rambu sopir mengurangi tekanan pedal gas agar mobil tidak melaju melebihi kecepatan yang di ijinkan
Pada saat ini mobil membutuhkan lebih banyak bahan bakar untuk bertahan pada speed sesuai rambu.
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PADA TURUNAN
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Mobil Menuruni Bukit maka beban turun dan kecepatan mobil naik
Kecepatan melebihi batas yang di anjurkan
Sopir mengurangi tekanan pada pedal gas untuk mengurangi tekanan agar sama dengan speed yang di inginkan
Sebelum kecepatan turun terus sopir menginjak kembali pedal gas dan kecepatan bertahan pada nilai setting
Pemakaian bahan bakar turun pada beban turum.
PADA BEBAN TURUN / TURUNAN
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CLOSED LOOP
ACTUAL SPEEDOR LOAD
DESIRED SPEED ORLOAD REFFERENCE
CONTROL OFTHE ENERGY
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Sama seperti pengemudi mobil Secara Otomatis Mengatur Bahan BAkar
untuk menjaga kecepatan/Load Dengan Gambaran Loop tertutup dan
adanya speed feedback maka kecepatan/beban turbine selalu di jaga pada setting (level) tertentu
Jika Peremeter Speed berubah akan mempengaruhi loop dan perubahan secara otomatis di koreksi
JADI FUNGSI GOVERNOR ADALAH
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BAGAIMANA MENGUKUR KECEPATAN TURBINE?
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PENGUKURAN SPEED
Magnetic Pick-up Speed Probe Target Theet Wheel Output Frequency
MPU HERTZ
= (No Of Teeth * Gear RPM) / 60
KOMPONEN :
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PENGUKURAN SPEEDM
PU
HE
RT
Z
= (N
o Of T
eeth * G
ear RP
M) / 60
MP
U H
ER
TZ
=
(No O
f Teeth
* Gear R
PM
) / 60Magnetic Pick Up (MPU)Magnetic Pick Up (MPU)
Proximoty ProbeProximoty Probe
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KLASIFIKASI PROBE• ACTIVE PROBE (Dengan Power)• PASSIVE PROBE (Tanpa Power)• Pick-up Probe• Proximity Probe
Probe Yang Banyak Dipakai :• Magnetic Pick Up Probe• Hall Effect Magnetic Pick Up• Proximity Probe ( Untuk Speed Rendah)
Tahanan Probe Berkisar 200 Ohm (Airpax) Jarak Probe dengan Target antara
0.6-1mm (Airpax)
PENGUKURAN SPEED
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MECHANICAL GOVERNOR
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STEAM VALVE & ACTUATOR
Bagian Dari Governor (Yang mengatur besar kecilnya tenaga (Uap)
Terdiri Dari Steam Valve dan Valve Actuator
Digerakkan Oleh HP Servo Actuator sytem atau LP Servo Actuator.
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STEAM VALVE
04/13/23 40STEAM VALVE & VALVE ACTUATORSTEAM VALVE & VALVE ACTUATOR
VALVE ACTUATORVALVE ACTUATOR
STAEM VALVESTAEM VALVE
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STEAM VALVE & VALVE ACTUATOR
VALVE ACTUATORVALVE ACTUATOR
04/13/23 42LP SERVO ACTUATORLP SERVO ACTUATOR
Controlled By
Mechanical Governor
Controlled By
Electronic Governor
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HP SERVO ACTUATOR HP SERVO ACTUATOR
HP HYDRAULIC SERVO VALVEHP HYDRAULIC SERVO VALVE
SERVO MANIFOLDSERVO MANIFOLD
SWYTCHABLE FILTERSWYTCHABLE FILTER
HP HYDRAULIC SERVO MOTORHP HYDRAULIC SERVO MOTOR
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CARA KERJA SERVO VALVE
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LVDT & RVDT Singkatan Linear Variable Defferensiat
Transformer (LVDT), Rotary Variable Defferensial Transformer.
Dipakai Sebagai Feedback Posisi actuator Governor
Cara Kerja adalah seperti Transformer : Batang Di tengah Diff Volt = 0 Volt Rms Batang Tidak di tengan Diff Volt > 0 Volt Rms
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CONTOH GAMBAR GOVERNOR CONTROLLER EXTRACTION TURBINECONTOH GAMBAR GOVERNOR CONTROLLER EXTRACTION TURBINE
Mechanical Governor Control
Electronic Governor Control
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SPEED CONTROLLER Pneumatic PID Controller Stand Alone Electronic Controller Advance Controller :
Woodward Governor Control 505, 5009, FT-5000, 501, Micronet
General Electric Mark II, Mark V
CCC Series 3, 4, 5, reliant dll
dll
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PROTEKSI TURBINE Main Stop Valve/ Trip Throtle Valve
Dipakai untuk menutup bahan bakar (steam) secara cepat dengan hydroulic trip system
Mechanical Over Speed Trip Dipakai untuk melindungi turbine jika proteksi
elektrical tidak bisa bekerja.
04/13/23 49
JENIS-JENIS COMPRESSOR
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT Reciprocating Compressor Screw Compressor Lobe Compressor Sliding Vane Compressor
DYNAMIC Axial Flow Compressor Centrifigal Flow Compressor
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BODY DYNAMIC COMPRESSOR
Horizontal Split Compressor Barrel Type Compressor Bull Gear Compressor
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SCREW COMPRESSOR
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LOBE COMPRESSOR
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04/13/23 53
VANE COMPRESSOR
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BULLGEAR
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Horizontal Split
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BARREL TYPEBARREL TYPE
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BARREL TYPE
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BARREL TYPE
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CENTRIFUGAL
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RECIPROCATING COMPRSSOR
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PENGGERAK COMPRESSOR(PRIME MOVER)
TURBINE (Gas, Uap)
MOTOR
DIESEL
MESIN OTOMOTIF
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CONTROL & PROTEKSI COMPRESSOR
SURGE CONTROLLER
PERFORMANCE CONTROLLER
AXIAL & VIBRATION MONITORING
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ANTI SURGE CONTROLLER
FUNGSI MENGHINDARKAN COMPRESSOR DARI SURGING
LOOP TERDIRI DARI SETIDAKNYA FLOW TRANSMITTER, PRESSURE TRANSMITTER, CONTROLLER, dan CONTROL VALVE
REAKSI CONTROLLER SANGAT CEPAT
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APAKAH SURGING ITU ???
Pv
Pd
Mesin MatiTak Ada Flow, & Press
AB
C D
PRESS
FLOW
RECORD FLOW
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APAKAH SURGING ITU ???
ANTISURGE VALVEANTISURGE VALVE
ANTISURGE CONTROLLERANTISURGE CONTROLLER
PERFORMANCE CONTROLLERPERFORMANCE CONTROLLER
ANTI SURGE CONTROLLER
PERFORMANCE CONTOLLER
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ANTISURGE VALVERECYCLE VALVE
BLOW OFF VALVE
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ANTISURGE VALVE RECOMENDATION
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APAKAH SURGING ITU ???
Terjadinya Reverse Flow
Muncul Vibrasi Pada Compressor
Rotor terdorong ke arah axial
Dapat menyebabkan kerusakan kompressor
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APAKAH SURGING ITU ???
04/13/23 70
CONTOH GRAFIK SURGING
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CONTOH GRAFIK SURGING
04/13/23 72
GAS TURBINE
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GAS TURBINE
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GAS TURBINE
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TERIMA KASIH