Governments of AsiaGovernments of Asia

SS7CG7 a. Compare and Contrast the SS7CG7 a. Compare and Contrast the federal republic of the Republic of India, the federal republic of the Republic of India, the communist state of the People’s Republic of communist state of the People’s Republic of China, and the constitutional monarchy of China, and the constitutional monarchy of Japan, distinguishing the form of leadership Japan, distinguishing the form of leadership and the role of the citizen in terms of voting and the role of the citizen in terms of voting rights and personal freedoms.rights and personal freedoms.

Distribution of PowerDistribution of Power

UnitaryUnitary ConfederationConfederation FederalFederal

Unitary SystemUnitary System The Central government holds nearly The Central government holds nearly

all the power, local governments all the power, local governments (states, counties, provinces, etc…) are (states, counties, provinces, etc…) are under the control of the central under the control of the central governmentgovernment

Elected officials can make and enforce Elected officials can make and enforce laws without the opinions of those at laws without the opinions of those at the lower levels of Governmentthe lower levels of Government

Examples: Examples: People’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China Japan (Constitutional Monarchy)Japan (Constitutional Monarchy)

Confederation SystemConfederation System

Local governments have all the Local governments have all the powerpower

Power of the central government is Power of the central government is limited to whatever the local limited to whatever the local governments are willing to give itgovernments are willing to give it

Examples: Examples: United NationsUnited Nations Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America

Federal SystemFederal System Power is shared among different levels Power is shared among different levels

of government of government States have power that the federal does States have power that the federal does

not have (property taxes, sales tax, not have (property taxes, sales tax, etc…) and the federal has powers that etc…) and the federal has powers that the states do not have (declare war, the states do not have (declare war, make treaties, etc…)make treaties, etc…)

Examples:Examples: IndiaIndia USAUSA

Forms of Citizen ParticipationForms of Citizen Participation

AutocraticAutocraticOligarchicOligarchicDemocraticDemocratic

AutocraticAutocratic

The ruler has absolute power to do The ruler has absolute power to do whatever they want and can make whatever they want and can make and enforce whatever laws they and enforce whatever laws they choosechoose

People have no power to disagree People have no power to disagree with the governmentwith the government

Examples:Examples: DictatorshipsDictatorships North KoreaNorth Korea

OligarchyOligarchy

““government by the few”government by the few” A political party or other group makes A political party or other group makes

all the decisions of governmentall the decisions of government Similar to an Autocratic government, Similar to an Autocratic government,

but rule is shared among a small group but rule is shared among a small group of people instead of 1 rulerof people instead of 1 ruler

Examples:Examples: People’s Republic of China (ruled by the People’s Republic of China (ruled by the

CCP)CCP)

DemocraticDemocratic The people play a large role in the The people play a large role in the

decisions of the countrydecisions of the country Individual freedoms are very Individual freedoms are very

importantimportant If a person feels that their rights If a person feels that their rights

have been violated, they can get the have been violated, they can get the government to correct the situationgovernment to correct the situation

Examples:Examples: IndiaIndia JapanJapan South KoreaSouth Korea

Distribution of PowerDistribution of Power (Power of the Central Government) (Power of the Central Government)

Forms of Citizen ParticipationForms of Citizen Participation (Amount of personal (Amount of personal freedom and participation in Government)freedom and participation in Government)

AutocraticOligarchicDemocratic

UnitaryConfederation Federal

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Japan People’s Republic of ChinaRepublic of India

Types of Democratic GovernmentTypes of Democratic Government

ParliamentaryParliamentary:: Election of the legislature (Parliament)Election of the legislature (Parliament) Leader of the Parliamentary government (Prime Leader of the Parliamentary government (Prime

Minister) is chosen by the party that wins the Minister) is chosen by the party that wins the majority of representatives in the legislature majority of representatives in the legislature

The Prime Minister serves as The Prime Minister serves as Head of Head of GovernmentGovernment

PresidentialPresidential (Congressional): (Congressional): The President is chosen separately from the The President is chosen separately from the

legislature legislature The President serves as both Chief of State and The President serves as both Chief of State and

Head of GovernmentHead of Government

IndiaIndia

India is a federal republic and uses a India is a federal republic and uses a parliamentary system. parliamentary system.

The country is The country is secularsecular (favors no (favors no special religion), even though the special religion), even though the majority of the population are Hindumajority of the population are Hindu

The government has The government has

three main branches. three main branches.

IndiaIndia The The executiveexecutive branch consists of: branch consists of:

the the PresidentPresident (chief of state), (chief of state), the the Prime MinisterPrime Minister (head of the government) (head of the government) the the Council of MinistersCouncil of Ministers (make up the cabinet) (make up the cabinet)

The The legislativelegislative branch is a bicameral (2 law- branch is a bicameral (2 law-making groups) parliament: making groups) parliament: Rajya Sabha or Rajya Sabha or Council of StatesCouncil of States the Lok Sabha, or the Lok Sabha, or House of the PeopleHouse of the People. .

The The judicialjudicial branch is made up of the branch is made up of the Supreme Court consisting of:Supreme Court consisting of: Chief JusticeChief Justice 25 other judges. 25 other judges.

IndiaIndia

The PresidentThe President’’s duties are mostly s duties are mostly ceremonialceremonial

The Prime Minister is determined by The Prime Minister is determined by the parliamentary majority in the the parliamentary majority in the House of the People. House of the People.

The Council of Ministers must answer The Council of Ministers must answer to the House of the People.to the House of the People.

Indians Indians 18 and older18 and older can vote. can vote.

ChinaChina ChinaChina’’s Communist party (CCP) leads s Communist party (CCP) leads

the nation. the nation. Under ChinaUnder China’’s constitution, the highest s constitution, the highest

organ of state power is the National organ of state power is the National PeoplePeople’’s Congress (NPC).s Congress (NPC).

Religion is not encouraged Religion is not encouraged by the governmentby the government

China has three China has three branches of government. branches of government.

ChinaChina The The executiveexecutive branch includes: branch includes:

the the PresidentPresident (head of state) (head of state) the the Vice PresidentVice President the the State CouncilState Council the the PremierPremier (head of government). (head of government).

The The legislativelegislative branch is unicameral branch is unicameral (one law-making group) consisting of(one law-making group) consisting of National PeopleNational People’’s Congress (NPC).s Congress (NPC).

The The judicialjudicial branch includes: branch includes: Supreme PeopleSupreme People’’s Court.s Court.

ChinaChina The NPC meets for two weeks every The NPC meets for two weeks every

year.year. These meetings are not open to the publicThese meetings are not open to the public

The State Council presents new The State Council presents new policies, laws, budgets, and personnel policies, laws, budgets, and personnel changes to the NPC. changes to the NPC.

The NPC can make changes to what the The NPC can make changes to what the State Council has recommended. State Council has recommended.

ChinaChina

The largest political party is the CCP with The largest political party is the CCP with as many as 70 million members. as many as 70 million members.

Eight minor political parties operate Eight minor political parties operate under under Communist supervisionCommunist supervision. .

The CCP is highly authoritarian The CCP is highly authoritarian (autocratic), meaning it completely (autocratic), meaning it completely controls the Chinese government. controls the Chinese government. The CCP sets policies that the government The CCP sets policies that the government

must enforce.must enforce.

ChinaChina

Men and women Men and women 18 and older18 and older can vote. can vote. There are no votes cast in Chinese There are no votes cast in Chinese

elections for anyone other than the elections for anyone other than the candidates approved by the governmentcandidates approved by the government

The role of the citizen (including what job The role of the citizen (including what job and education he/she will have) is and education he/she will have) is determined by the statedetermined by the state

JapanJapan

Japan has a constitutional monarchy Japan has a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary form of with a parliamentary form of government. government.

The government is The government is secularsecular The government has three branches. The government has three branches.

JapanJapan

The The executiveexecutive branch includes a branch includes a cabinetcabinet consisting of:consisting of: the the Prime MinisterPrime Minister (head of government) (head of government) the the Ministers of StateMinisters of State who are all civilians. who are all civilians.

The The legislativelegislative branch is the bicameral branch is the bicameral DietDiet (two law-making groups): (two law-making groups): the the House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives the the House of CouncilorsHouse of Councilors

The The judicialjudicial branch includes: branch includes: the the Supreme CourtSupreme Court (the highest judicial (the highest judicial

authority).authority).

JapanJapan

Ministers are appointed or removed Ministers are appointed or removed by the prime minister. by the prime minister.

The prime minister is chosen by his The prime minister is chosen by his colleagues in the colleagues in the Diet, Diet, the countrythe country’’s s parliament. parliament.

JapanJapan

Men and women Men and women 20 and older20 and older can vote can vote The Japanese people are in control of their The Japanese people are in control of their

nationnation’’s sovereignty, but Japan still has an s sovereignty, but Japan still has an emperor, who is the symbol of the state. emperor, who is the symbol of the state.

He is basically a figurehead without much He is basically a figurehead without much official power. official power.

Summarize…Summarize…CountryCountry Type of Type of

GovernmenGovernment/ Head of t/ Head of GovernmenGovernmentt

Distribution Distribution of Powerof Power

Citizen Citizen ParticipatioParticipationn

Voting AgeVoting Age