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Government ReviewAnd Canada’s Government
GPS• SS6CG1a. Describe the ways government systems
distribute power: unitary, confederation, federal.
• SS6CG1b. Explain how government systems determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, democratic.
• SSCG1c. Describe the 2 predominate forms of democratic government: parliamentary and presidential.
• SS6CG3a. Describe the structure of the Canadian government…
E.Q.
• How do governments differ?• How is Canada’s government organized?
3 Types of Government: How Citizens Participate
AUTOCRACY OLIGARCHY DEMOCRACY
3 Types of Government: How Citizens Participate
AUTOCRACY OLIGARCHY DEMOCRACY
Rule by one
Advantage: quick decisions
Disadvantage: no citizen participation
3 Types of GovernmentAUTOCRACY OLIGARCHY DEMOCRACY
Rule by one
Advantage: quick decisions
Disadvantage: no citizen participation
Rule by a few
Advantage: quick decisions
Disadvantage: no citizen participation
3 Types of GovernmentAUTOCRACY OLIGARCHY DEMOCRACY
Rule by oneAdvantage: quick decisionsDisadvantage: no citizen participation
Rule by a fewAdvantage: quick decisionsDisadvantage: no citizen participation
Advantage: all groups represented
Disadvantage: slower decision-making; need to be informed
Representative Democracy citizens elect representatives to make decisions (U.S.)
Direct Democracy – citizens vote on all decisions
2 Types of DEMOCRACY Presidential Parliamentary
2 Types of DEMOCRACY Presidential Parliamentary
U.S., Mexico, most S.A. countries Citizens elect members of legislature Legislature makes laws
Cannot force early election of president
Citizens elect president President
Head of stateChief executiveRuns governmentHeads militaryCannot dissolve legislature
2 Types of DEMOCRACY Presidential Parliamentary
U.S., Mexico, most S.A. countries Citizens elect members of legislature Legislature makes laws
Cannot force early election of president
Citizens elect president President
Head of stateChief executiveRuns governmentHeads militaryCannot dissolve legislature
Canada, Australia, U.K.Citizens elect MPs (members of Parliament)Parliament chooses Prime Minister (PM)
makes laws can force early election
of PMPM is chief executive
Heads militaryEnforces lawsRuns countryCan dissolve Parliament
Head of State: symbolic leader
3 Ways Governments Share PowerUNITARY CONFEDERATION FEDERAL
3 Ways Governments Share PowerUNITARY CONFEDERATION UNITARY
Central government holds all the power and controls all other governments in the country
Examples:CubaBoliviaGreat BritainFranceThe state of Georgia (state has power to create/break up cities & counties)
3 ways Governments Share PowerUNITARY CONFEDERATION FEDERAL
Central government holds all the power and controls all other governments in the countryExamples:
CubaBoliviaGreat BritainFranceThe state of Georgia (state has power to create/break up cities & counties)
Local governments hold all the power
Examples – countries agree to work together on a problem• Voluntary
• Decisions have to be agreed on by all to become law
• Little power– individual countries can veto decisions– changes have to be agreed on unanimously
• U.S. tried it– “Articles of Confederation” 1777-1787• states saw selves as separate countries• Congress had no power • replaced by Constitution & federal government
Confederation Problems
3 ways Governments Share PowerUNITARY CONFEDERATION FEDERAL
Central government holds all the power and controls all other governments in the countryExamples:
CubaBoliviaGreat BritainFranceThe state of Georgia (state has power to create/break up cities & counties)
Local governments hold all the powerExamples – countries agree to work together on a problem
VoluntaryDecisions have to be agreed on by all to become law
Power is shared between central and local governments
Central gov’t is more powerful – but can’t get rid of local gov’t or local leaders
Examples:BrazilCanadaMexicoU.S.Venezuela
CANADA’S GOVERNMENTCONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
CANADA’S GOVERNMENTCONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
Constitution explains how gov’t is organized & citizens’ rights, limits monarch’s powerMonarch is head of state & symbolic leader of Canada
PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
CANADA’S GOVERNMENTCONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
Constitution explains how gov’t is organized & citizens’ rights, limits monarch’s powerMonarch is head of state & symbolic leader of Canada
PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY
• Citizens elect MPs• MPs select Prime Minister and can unselect
him/her• Chief executive• Head of military• Runs country• Leads parliament – can dissolve it
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
CANADA’S GOVERNMENTCONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
Constitution explains how gov’t is organized & citizens’ rights, limits monarch’s powerMonarch is head of state & symbolic leader of Canada
PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY
Citizens elect MPsMPs select Prime Minister and can unselect him/her
Chief executiveHead of militaryRuns countryLeads parliament – can dissolve it
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
• Power is divided between central gov’t and local provinces• Provinces make own laws and elect own leaders
(premiers)• Citizens 18 & older may vote• Very high level of personal freedom protected by
courts
FEDERAL: POWER IS SHARED
Canada’s Government– Main political parties• Bloc Quebecois• Conservative Party• Green Party• Liberal Party• New Democratic Party
SUMMARY
How is Canada’s government like our government?
How is Canada’s government different from our government?