GOVERNMENT OF INDIA i

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND F.ORESTS

(DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, FORESTS & WILDLIFE)

REPORT ON

INVENTORY OF FORESTS OF CHICKMAGALUR & HASSAN DISTRICTS,

.~

(KARNATAKA)

FOREST SURVEY OF INDIA.

SOUTHERN ZONE

BANGALORE

1981

PREFACE

The inventory of forests of Chkka"magalur and Hassan

districts was taken up during the year 1924-85. A wood consumption

survey was subsequently conducted for the two distr icts dur iog 1986-87.

work. The report is the presentation of the results of the inventory

Details r_egarding the inventoried area? the methodology adopted, resul ts and the findings are brought out.

The salient findings cf the survey are that, about 21 % of the

land area is under forests and 13% of the actual forest area .is made up of plantat ions.

The tota 1 nu mber of ste ms in the tree forest

area of the inventoried area is 5,56,08,611 with an average of 218 stems

per hectare. At an average of 79 [2 per hectare the total volumetric

growing stock c;:omes to about 2~~3,212 M3 in the inventoried area' •.

The surveyed area has a total stock of 7,22,925 toones of green. t

bamooo spread over an area of 1 ~16,439 ha. The average green bamooo

stock per hectare works out to be 6.209 tonnes. About 28% of the

green bamboo stock consists of dry and damaged cUlms clearly indicating the need for better management practices.

The inventory work was ini tiated by Shri Efappa, the

then Joint Director, and completed by Shri C.S. Veda!)t, Dep4iy

Director with the assistance of 'the staff of Southern Zone. The

work of the staff of Southern Zone is commendable. The Cooperation

and help extended by the I<arnataka Forest Depart ment at various stages is thankfuH y acknowledged.

It is hoped that the report w ill be put to use by the foresters

in micro level planning. Comments on the report would be most welcome.

J.Bo Lal, I.P.S.,

, Director ~ Forest Survey of India.

(a)

CON TEN T S

Page No.

Summary (i)

CHf\PTER-l INTRODUCTI,ON AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1

1.2 General featuresi of the survey area 3 1. 2.1 Location of the survey area and its

sub divisions 3 1.2.2 Physical features J 1.2. J Forests 3 1.2.~ Climate and rainfall 5 1.2.5 Area and, population 5 1.2.6 Land use pattern ' 5 1. 2.7 Other socio-economic indicators 7

CHAPTER-2 DP.5IGN AND METHO'DOLOGY OF THE'SURVEY 9

CHAPTER-:>

CHAPTER-4

2.2 '2.3 2.4 2.5

'Forest Area' defined Sampling Design ,,' Methodology Intensity of the Survey

DATA PROCESSING

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.-.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 '3.7.4 3.7.5 3.7.6 3.7.7

Preparation of Data for Manual Processing Preparation of Stancj Tables Area computation Volume ,estimation Tree Volume and plot volume Sarnpl ing Error Bamboo Area Clumps per hectare Culms per clump Culms per hectare Total number 6f culms Bamboo siock Dry weight. equivalent of bamboo ,stock

. "!'-

RESULTS: 'OF THE' INVENTORY

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.3. 2 {l..3.3 4.3.4 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 1+.5 4.6 1t.7 ~.8

Topography of the survey area Land" use pahern in forest area State of health of forest soils' Depth 'of soi Is SolI consistency Erosion status Densi ty of vegetation cover Tree clad forest areas in. the forests Origin of stand in the tree forests

;,Composi tion of the tree forest-Ti mber uti 1 i ty classes Intensity of regerieration Fire incidence in the tree forest Grow iog stock of timber (Stand tables) Gro,wing stock ol, timber (Stock tables) Growing stock of bamboos Sampling error "

Contd ..

9 10 11 13

15

15 15 18 18 20 • 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23

24

24 24 26 26' 27 28 28 29 29 30 31 32 33 33 34 34 37

(b)

Table No. LIST OF TABLES

Oescr iption-1.2.6 1.2.7 3.2

4-.2 4-.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.".3 4.3.f4. 4.4.1 4.4.2

4.4.3

4.4.4 4.4.5

4.5.1 to

4.5.10

4.6~ 1 to

4.6.10

4.7.1

4.7.2 ) to )

4.7.8 )

4.7.9

4.7.10 4.7.11 4.8.1

4:8.2 4.8.3 4.8.4

) ) )

) ) )

Land use pattern Est i mated stock of i ron ore Distribution of the net forest area by admini_strativ~, legal and e'cological divisions Land use pattern in forest area Soil depth Soil consistency SoU erosion status Densi ty of vegetation cover on the forest soils Origin of stand in the tree forests-Extent of forest areas under various crop composi t ion categor i es Extent of forest areas under tree crop of different s1 ze classes Intensi ty of tegener ati on Fire incidence in the tree forest

Stand Tables

Stock Tables

Distribution of bamboos by species and quality class

Bamboo stock tables

Average height, green and air dry weight of bamboo cuI ms Green bamboo stock Dry weight (equi valent of bamboo stock) SE% 01 Growing stock of tree forest area:

" "

SE% of stock 'of bamboos

II

II

by legaJ status by division by forest type

APPENDICES

Page No.

6 7

17 24 27 27 28 29 30

31

32 32 33

39-95

96-152

35

153-159

36 , 160

161

37 38 38 38

APPENDIX-I Map sheet coverage of Chickmagalur and Hassan Districts _" 162

APPENDIX-II Specimens of forms used for inventory

LrsT OF MAPS

Map - Location Map of the inventoried distr lcts (scale 1: 115000000)

Map - 2 Map of inventoried districts showing principal forest tractsa (scale 1:1000000)

Fig.l

,

FIGURE

Layout of sketch of sample plots

BibJ iography and notes

180-187

188

189

190

191

(i)

Summary

This report deals wIth the inven~ory ·of forest resources

of Chickamagalur and Hassan D istr icts carr led out by the Forest

Survey of India , Southern Zone, oangalore in the year 1984-85.

The report is organised into two parts. The first part deals with

the detail s of the ;;irea inventor ied, the methodology of data collection

and processing, arid the results. The second part consists of appendices

televarit to the report. The finding of the survey are summarised

below::"

(l) The net area under forest in the two distr icts is 2 ,915.93 km2

•

(2) Approxi matel y 33,836 ha COl1l',r ising about 13.28% of the

actual tree covered forest area· (2 , 547 km2 ) is made

up of plantations • .

(3) The forests in the distr icts predominantly have ti mbers

of mixed si ze classes.

(4) More than 75% of the tree forests are devoid of established

regenerat ion of the important tree species,

(5) The total number of stems in the tree, forest area of

the inventoried area is 5 ,56 ,08.611 with an average

of 218 stems per hectare.. This estimate has a standard

error of :!:... 4.0% at' 95% probabi lity.

(6) The total volumetr ic growing stock in the tree fo rests

of the inventoried area is. 2,02,23,212 cU.m. with an

average of 79 c U.m. per hectare. This "estimate has

a standard error of + 5.5% at 95% probability .

(7) The total green bamboo stock In the 5urveyarea is 7, 22,925

tonnes. The total extent of forest area containing bamboos

is 1,16,4-39 hectare. Thus the average green bamboo

stock works out to 6.209 tonnes per hectare .

(8) The bamboo forests in the d istr ic t have a potential of

producing 33,883 tonnes. every year:

(9) A large portion of the green' bamboo stock (about 28%)

consists of dry and dpmaged culms. Underlining the

need for more intensive management of bamboo growing

stock.

p. .... _ .. ~ ._It .

CHAPTER:-I

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION

11.1 An inventory is a list ing) of goods and mater'ials held

'.. " in stock. A forest inventory in part icul ar is an atte rrt>t''- to describe

the quantity and quality of fore~t, trees. and many of the characteristics

of land area upon which .the trees are growing. The inventor;-y

may be for a si ng ie use, such as to est i mate the tree vol U me in

a sale area; or it ,may be mUltipurpose, to obtain est i mates of

quanti~Y, quaii ty, cha~ge, producti vi ty and condition. Few inventories

use 100% enumeration, most rely on, sampling a part of the population. I •

Forest inventories may be for regional or national level assessments,

for management level data needs or, for .stand and compartment

analysis etc.

Regional and Natlona I Assess'ments are used to deter mine ! .:.. i . ~ I

area, condition and vo]ume for specific purposes such as developing

resource management policies and programmes. Such surveys usuall y

consist of widely spaced syste matica1iy or randomly located fixed

size or variable size plots. The plots may be rermanently located

to mooitor trend'and change (continuQus forest inventory). , '

Manageme~t based inventocies may a1so use syste maticaHy

.located plots, ~ but are usuaily confined .to one categ~ry <;>f use or

for other Ji mited extents. Such inventories provide a continuous , l

flow of _information for yield planning and other purpo~s.

It .is therefore \(ery i rftpoitant tb define clear ly the

v.arious objectives of.l·an inventory~ "The relative importance of

each objective must b~ considered 'iri i order" to evdlve the most

efficient, design -which is easy to· ' i mple !Tent in the field. Usual

criticism that is directed at p'eople or organisations responsible

for df,'?signing and executing inventory operations is that they undertake

such work w itho!Jt ;a clear idea of the objectives to be met and

thus provide forest officers, economists , induStrialists etc., with

inadequate or even useless information. There may be at the same

ti me and in the same area a need for different kinds of inventory

such as an inventory at country-wide level (National Forest Inventory),

or inventories of large tracts of forests, cr inventor ies for prepa rat ion

-2-

of working plans for restr icted tracts of forests. But it canna;!:

be j expected that information obtained from a national forest inventory •

w ill be' adequate to prepare a detailed working plan'. It is therefore

necessary to understand that a single type of forest inventory will

not provide infor mation that rray be needed at different levels.

Generally for lack of tesourcesf ' priority is given to that type

of inventory which w ill solve the more urgent proble ms.

In tropical forest inventories, the following data which

may not be directly relevant to the inventory are still collected

because they are kriown to be. useful:-

a

0) Logging parameters such as slope, soiJ bearing • ~ .J .

capacity, terrain obstacles, undergrowth, 'occurrence

of streams and swampy areas etc.

(ii) Complete enumeration of trees by species and diameter

classes ab~ve a given minimum dia meter (usuall y lO cm)

in a sub-sa mple of the, sa mpling plots, if only

certain commercial species are inventor-ied in the

main sa mple •

(i i i) Enu merat ion of seedli ngs, saplings and poles of

the most important species in ' a sub-sample of

the sample plot, for further regeneration and manage­

ment studies.

.A complete forest inventory would, besides including

descript ion of the forested areas and the legal ownershipf also

includes est imates of growth and .drain. Drain is defined as the

losses due to pest 9 disease, fi re and extractions that are organised

under the management prescriptions or even the unorganised and >.

unauthorised re movals. In any specific inventory- there may be

emphasis .. on, or eli minationof, one or mo;e of these items depending

upon ' the Objectives. But for a complete evaluation of a forest

area and especiaHy with a view to managing it on a sustained

yield basis all these ele ments. are j mportant. The inventory undertaken

,by the Forest Survey of ,India (FSI) fall under the category of national

forest'inJentories. The objectives of the FSI inventory are enumerated

below:-

(a) ,to moni tor period icall y on a :l 0 year cycle the ch~nging

pattern of forest resources and to call attention of the , ., planners to the critical aspects of the forest resources;

and

(b) to generate basic resources data for the development

planning needs of the State/National level planners.

Thus the inventory of the forests of Chickamagalur and

Hassan districts undertaken by the Forest Survey of India~ Southern

Zone, Bangalore atterrpts to obtain general estimates of all the

elements of a forest .)nventory" The field work, was undertaken

during the year 1984-85 and completed in June 1985. ,

Genera 1 Features of the Survey Area

Location of the Survey Area and i'ts Sub-d iv is10ns

., j The ) survey an~a lies between 750 5' and 76° 38' E. longi-. ,',' 0 " :· " 0 ,.

,tudes,and '12 30' and, 13 .5.~," N. latitudes. The survey area con-

sists of the distr icts of Chickamagalur and Hassan. There are three

fo~e~ dIviSIons in the survey area, v 1 z., Chickamagalur, Koppa

and Hassan. A, 'few ta lukas of Chi~'kamagalur, distr ict are under

the control of Bh~praVilti Division.

1.2.2, Physical Features.

The t9pography of, the western' port ion of; the sur vey

area is 'hilly comprising of 'a belt of. hilly""country' about 60 to

,70 kms wide. This region' is called the "\'!'/estern- Ghats'" or "Malnad."

The hill·; ~anges run roLighl y in the'" north-south d,ire¢.tion and are

nearly parallel to one, anbther. " Bc}ba 'Sudan Giri is the highest jo" •

mountain of the Western Ghat hill s reil:ching a height of 1 ~ 923 :;:.'.' ... ,

metres above_ .MSL. -: • ~.' , .:- l •

·of an 'open ).'!n<lulating co~nfry 'knowf) as "MaidanH o'r "Bailshime." • ~ \ .. '. ' ,_ t 'i '

The average ~~~itude' is about"600 metres a.bove the MSL. .<

The eastern part of the survey area comprises

. 1.2.3 Forests

This .. •. area consists of ,.mIxed· forests coming under the

' broad "classifi~ation of 'South indian Tropical Forests. According

<> -to Champion and Seth, the forest: C\rea is broadly classified into:

-4-

(i) .Southe'r'n 'Tropical Wet ~vergreen. Forests 1 A/C4

(j i r Southern -tr6pkaj Semievergreen Forests 2A/C2

(i i i) South Indian TropicaJ Moist Deciduous Forests 3B/C2

(iv) Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests 5A/C2,

The tropicci·l wet evergreen forests which are char<:l,cterise9

by luxuriant vegetation in several tiers with tall and lofty' trees

form the top storey, with different evergreen trees in, the i,r:itermediate

tiers. Trees often reach a height cjf 45 metres. Luxxuriant growth

of cli mber js another j mportant . feature. This type of forest is

spread over Koppa, Sringeri,. Kalsa, Sakhleshpur areas. The, i mporta,:,t

species are Dipterocarpus indicus, Poeciloneuron indicum, Dysoxxylu m.

malabaricum, Mesua ferrea, PaJaguium eJJipticum, Machilus macrantha, ...

Hopea parviflora with reeds along the river banks.

The se m i-everg,r~en

and huge buttresse ~ ste,~.s.

I

ty~e is character ised by ta II trees The canopy here is lesser de'nse than

evergreen and evergreen undergrowth is copious. The moist dectduous

type consists of .trees which are deciduous during dry .season i. e. 1=.

during the months of March-Apr if. Trees on an ,average rec;tch

species, Dalberg ia

parviflora, XyJia

a height of 20-25 M. Chikagrahara, Mudigere, Muthodi, Hebbe,

Narasimha Rajapuram, LakvaJJi ar~as comprises of . the forest type

mentioned above. The major species are Adina cordifolia, Albizzia -, . "

latifolia , Lagerstroemia lanceolata, Mitragyna

xylocarpa, Pterocarpus marSupium and Dillenia pentagyn~~

The dry deciduous forests spread over Chickarnagaiur,

Tarikere, Hassan and Arsi kere consisting of mainly species iike

Anogei·ssus' latifolia, Lagerstroemia lahceolata, Pterocarpus marsupium,

Terminalia panicul_ata, Santalum album and Xylia xylo~arpa.

This area is character ised by trees gro wing to <1,. _ h;lght

of 10-15 metres which !are deciduous during dry Season rUhning

for several months . ).A,n,. ~hder~~~w~?"; of shrubs .. is USU9-JJ y comn:on • 'i J . :-~'f!, '"I;.,. ,_

In, moist and dry deciduous areas Dendrocalamus str ictus and Bambusa arundinacea are found.

-~-

1. 2.4 eli mate a.nd Raihfal('

The eli mate and rainfall of the distr ict is typical of

the Western Ghat region with ali a~erage rainfall of 1500 mm . •

June, July, August and September are the wettest part of the year.

The mean maximum and 'mini'mu_m t'~mperature in an average' year o 0 ,-:, -.

is 29.15 C and, 15.9 C respectively. The temperature variation

between the hottest and the col de~t season is not very marked. -:-. . ,

Little change is observ~d in the relative humidity of the_ coldest, "

hottest or wettest months as can be seen from tl1e following reading . recorded in ari:average year:;"

. Chickamagalur 08.30 hrs.

17.30 hrs.

Hassan

1.2.5

.... : . "':

OS.30 hrs. 17.30 hrs.-

Area and Population

(Year

Januarx:

69.4 34.9

70,4 38.7

1977 - In percentage)

April July

66.3 87.1 55.1 81.5

89.9 ?1.6 '. 69.3 82.2

The total extent of the-Survey area is 14,015 km2 with a

population density of 162 i nhabi tants per sq.km. as against the

national population density of 216 km2 (1981 census). 83.87%

of the inhabitants of the survey area live in q..lral areas,

According to the 1977 cattle census the Ii v~stock population

of the Survey area is 17,96,399 (excluding poultry birds) forming

a density of 128 ani mals per km2 against the national average of 108 animals per km2 .

1.2.6 Land Use Pattern

The following table shows the land ,use pattern in the survey area (Year 1977-78).

-6-

Table

______________ .:.. _______________ ~ ____ . ______________ . -----j~~~~ __ l~ __ ~!]2 2. J t , " '", ;. ''' ' . " . -;r..;.. ~

S I. I I Chicka...,. :! 1 .. r % of . No Land Use I I' I Hassan ., Total i. ttl. I·

• • I .. I maga ur '1 . ! . !, 0 a

1--"1-----------;----------------L -3----c-~-~---_;-----1c----~-c---r-~~~~::~ i ----~------------------------------1-------------t------------~------------r----~-----l I I ~I j i j " p. I A.rea (according to 17,118,05 I 6 9780.59 t'3~898'.641 100.00 ' I !I vd !age papers)! 1 J I J I

1

2. .[. Fo.rest Area 11,781.25 ! 479.&3 i "'2,261.08 t 16.27 ,I Land not available! j' l I I

! '! for cultivation i .' , I . i !

13. i Land put to non- I, 354.18 I 536.&3 ,I 891.01

1

1 6.41 I I agr i cu 1 tur al uses I I .

14 . Barren "and unculti- I 324.07 26'6.741 590.811 4.25 I I vabJe' land ~ I . 1

! l 678.25! 803.571 , 1/+81.82 j 10.66 j

I j. 'Ill i I ! I Other cultivated land ! I I excluding fallow land I I I I i. J '" :l. Permanent pasture ,j,~74.89 726.15 ·1' , 2,101.0l} • 15.2 i

I and other grazing! i I lands. I i

1!6. Land under mi~cel- II' 263.'28 63.\411, 331.72 2.39!--

laneous tre~ crops t I . and, groves ' hot inclu- ", I 1 1', !.

ded i"n net<.are(;l s'owri. j' i

7. I Cultiv~bje waste . .. 254.63 ~28,61 I 583.2i/ 4:'20 !' '1 I ---1

' 'j- p,897.80 liJl8.20 I 3~q)6.00 21.69 ~

i. r Fallow lands , 463.25 949.91'[ 1,413.16

I I I , I' I - . I 9. I Net area sown 2,297.50 ! 3,429.08 - 51726.58 ' 4,1.20 I

I I Grand Total ! -J p3898. 64I ~OO.OO ! I~ ___ --_-----------------------------~----------- _________________________ ~ ___________ ;

.ill ,"

,8. 10.16

(Source StatisticaJ Abstract of Karnataka 1978-79)

-7-

l.2.7 Other Soc'io-economic Indicators

Coffee and Cardamom are the major- agricultural produce ' ,

• of the ~w~ dlstr icts -~_compr.~sing, the survey area. The other food crops

produced in t'he: two districts are paddy, r:agi and jawar. 'The two

distr icts together 'account~d for 6.196 of the total rice, 7.73%' of ragi

and 1.9% of maize production of the State in 1976-'(7. Th~ per capita , • '."' '·i

land available for, . cultivation is 0.50 ha. Majority,Pf land holdings_; . ' ...... ; f " fa 11 under 1 to 2 ha. category.

The chief mineral .< deposi ts discovered in Chicka:magalur district are iron are, asbestos, copper, kaolin and gold. The occurrence ,

of iron are' in larg~ quantities in the Bababudan Giri and'the' )<udremukh­

Aroli-Gangamala ranges has been known for a long time. The following table shows the est i mated stock of iron are:

Tab;e

Apart from iron are 4-5,000 tonnes of asbestos, about a million

tonnes of -copper and 34-,500 tonnes of kaolin are also est i mated to be available.

Deposi 15 of gold are known to be located near Jalagargundi, .. Siddarahall_i, Tambadihalli, Nandi (Hosaha lli), Devarakal, A jj ampura

and Bukkambudi. Though th~re are traces, of extensive gold wc:>rk ings

at these si tes, gol d mining "'as not been atte mpted so fa r in recent

decades. Some Llseful minerals like mica, bauxite~ chromite , graphite ,

steali te, soap stone, etc., are also found in small quantities.

In Hassan district the chief l7lineral deposits are of Asbestos, Chromite, Magnesi te " Quartz , etc.

-8-

Accord ing to 1981 census, 43.5% of the population in Chickama-

galur distr ict and 37.3% in Hassan distr ict was Ii terate. The dennial ..

growth rate of populat ion (1971-81) was 22.3% iii ChickamagaJur distr lct and 22.6% in Hassan d istr ict.

Chickamagalur .and Hassan distr lcts do not enjoy any special

reputation for any particular industry. In fact, it ranks amcingst the

least industr laU y developed distr·icts of the State. Mining is the, only i mporta'nt industry.

The survey area has a fai"r Iy .·good net work of roads and , other modern communication facili ties. Cpifee, Tea, Paddy, Cardamom

and Arecanut are the chief exports of the survey area.

-9-

CHAPTER-2

DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY OF THE SURVEY

2;1 The development of aerial survey technique during the present

century has revolutionised the methods of examining forests 0 It is

now possible to map remote f?rest tracts, to secure accurate information ~n

regard lng the area and to' arr ive at preU minary est i mates ' of their

composi tlon and nature directly fro,m aeria 1 photographs. Most forest

inventories aim at providing satisfactory estimates of total values

of the para meters of the forests {main ly vol u mes of 'wood} over t he

whole inventor led area or over parts ~f i to, Th~se tota 1 values are

obtained through est i mation of the .corresponding area and the mean

value per unit area of these para meters. Both mean areas and mean

values of the parameters per area unit may be. estimated through aerial

photographs (and maps) and/or field measurements and observations,

these est i mates being made by complete el")umerati9n, or by sampling.

'{he use of aerial photographs for estimation of the mean values of

the parameters per unit area is Ii mlted by its application to fairly

uniform temperate forests and plantations and are for' the ti me ~eing

of Ii ttle relevance for tropical forests. Difficulty of spe cies identifica­

ti'on from aerial photographs in the tropics, want of data on the cor:rela­

tion bet ween crown character lsi ics and bole di mensions and the i mpossibi-. . . Ii ty of defect est imation from aer ial photograp~s sy r,i,?-usly J.i mits

the applicability of photogrammetr ic measure ments in inventor ies

of " tropicaJ .forests. Therefore aerial photographs are used mainly

for estimatiori .of, area although it is not' neceSsary that all area informa­

tion should come only from aerial photographs. Ii is sometimes pro"ided

entirely by i,field measure merits and ' observat'ions. This inventory has

relied on the J~501QOO scale ' topographic maps prepared by the Survey

of India in which the extent of forest areas are depicted in green colour.

Henceforth by "toposheet" we mean the 1 :50,000 scale t~pographic

map sheets of the. Survey of india.

2.2 'Forest Area' defined

The following categories of lands are' treated as 'Forest

Areas' for the purposes of the inventory~-

-10-"

(i) AU' 'areas shown by ~.gr~en cplour wash on the toposheets. ,~ • "~' :.,,. . ,"'! .. r " " • .' .~ ',. , ' _', r

(1) AU areas shqwn on the toposneets-"'jn' ~which, w.o_rds such as '; ;

t~ick jungi~~: thick for:~st" .dense j,ungle 7 open forest, bamboos etc., are printed.

r·:-i: w

t' ~.,'.. ~ Unle~· expUci tly stated otherwise" the term Tforest area'

" in this report sha 11 henceforth mean areas, "of 9-ny ,or all the categories mentioned' above.

'\.' '1

2 • .3 SampJing,Desi'gn

;;:

Each toposheet falling fn '. the survey ,area was divided into

36 grids of 2~ minute x 2~ minute of latitudes, and longitudes, I~ each

of these gridS 7 two sample points ·wer.e marked.. The ';inventory data

were collected fro m a square plo'!'! of 0.1, hectare laid out at each of these sa mple points. on the ground. The'method of marki'ng the sample

0.; • .•

point on the> map is described in the following paragraphs. (.

One side of ,the squ~re plot (whkh is 31.'62 m on the ground)

measure£ 0.6324' m'm on ,the toposheet. the' length and width of each 0>,

grid is ni'easurea in miJl.i.rnetres to the_first decimal pl:ace,. The measu~ed . . len'gth is then subtracted by .. 0.6324- mm or say O~.6 m.m. For, .example 7

,4 if '~~he length and width ()~ a grid on' the' 'map "of J:50,090 ~cale are

84.5 r=Mm 'and 93.0 mm respectively, 'then 0.6 mm is, .5l)qtra~ted :from

. the measured length 'so that X' :: 84-.5 !. 0.6' :: 83.9 mm,and,!Y' :: 93.6 _ 0.6

=, 92.4- mm. Two r~n90m nu mbers of .~Pto three digit 'are j)jcked up, fro m

the rah'dom number. tabl~:s. If the' random numbers happen ~o be 840 .1,. •

or 925' then the next, .numq~.r in the list Is picked' up. ,.If. the selected . ~ .~ , . "

random numbers are,; 2~. an<:l,.~~8, t!1es~ correspond to '2.3 mm ~nd ~5.8 mm.

Half or the'~ side" i.e. 0.3 'TIm is cidd~d to' each' of the above values,

so th~t the coord'inat~s of r.th~ 'fi rst ~a mple plot in a. grid o'n" 'the map

will be' 2.6 mm ,&, ?6.1,fmm. Taking SW corner of this grid as origin

and measur jng 2.6 m m and 86.1 m m along x &: Y axis, respectl ve 1 y the centre of the :first plot is marked.

)! The fi rst sa mple poi n! ~~ then j o,ined by astra i ght Jj ne

to the grid centre~ and !thi;; lin~.}s extended further beyond the grid

centre. On the extended port.ion of 'the line, the second point is marked ,~ - ~

at a distance equal to the distance of fi rst pOlnt from the grid centre. This point is the centre of the second plot.

·dl-

AU sample points falling in the ·'forest area' only are located

on the ground and quantitative data is ~.o.Hected from the sample plots .

Qualitative data such as forest type et~" is collected by observing

a 2 hectare area .surrounding t~ plot cent~.e. }~e coordinates of the

plot '?ce~~e~ in,,:,entoried' during this surv~y and some of the important

"'irtiormatlons collected. therefro m 'are given i~~ Appendix I of this report .

. i

2.4 Methodology

The field data is collected by a <;r~lw CQqsist ing-.gf; one~ Junior ",l

Technical Assistant (Crew :Leader)~ A deputy Ranger, two or three

Fieldmen and a camP khalasi; besides unskilled labourers' hired 10caUy

whenever needed. The crew leader is provided with a set of toposheetS

on· which the sa mple points to be surveyed have already> been marked ..

The sample points marked on the toposheets are also listed so as to

avoid any sall')ple location being left unsurveyed. A set of measur ing

instruments such as the Silva compass , Haga/~Jp.me .Leiss hypsometer,

Call i pers, m easur ing tapes and ranging rods etc., are .provided.

The· Crew Leader decides ~onvenient, camp'ing locations fro m

where three t$ ,four sample locations can be, easl1 y approach'ed by foot.

After deciding the plof and the g~id number to be sUfveyed,: on"a particular

day from fa ca,!Tlpi~g site~, the Crew Leader reaches a prominent physical

feature ,(aho caUed start ing reference point) as near. to the sample

point ,as possible, l~cated on, the map and easy to identify on the ground • . , Usuall Y .1he follo wing features. are selected as reier:ence points~-

i)

ii) .~.: ..

,. Pi)

l ./' IV) ... f::

v)

vi)

vii)

viii)

IX)

, ~)

Bench marks;

Triangular points;

Village tri junet ion points;

Old bridges and culverts; ~ r

Old temp)es, mosques and churches;

Crossing of rail track with roads, rivers, streams;

Junet ion of ri vers or streams arid roads; .t ···

Prominent bends in roads, 'rjv~rs, streams;

Old ponds and wells;

Springs;

xi) Prominent topographical f~atures In hilly region such as spurs, knolls etc. ,

'-'E xi 1) Mile stones or kilometer stones; and

xiii) Boundary pillars (of interhational~ state, district and forest boundaries .

I

-17~

Having located a prominent physical feature (refe~ehce point) on the ground' and confi rming it with reference to the map,

the distance and bearing 'of the sampJe point from this physicaJ feature

is measured fro m the map. The bear ing is measured with the heJp

of a protractor or the silva compass. At this reference point the crew

leader records details of the sample point from the reference feature,

the name of the camping spot, the t1 me taken to reach the sa mple

point and completion of the work etc., in the 'Plot Approach Form'.

Information recorded in this form is useful for tj me and cost studies

for the inventory :cind also helps to re locate the point at, a future date.

From the ref"erence point, the crew leader traverses :the distance in

the 'd~rection measured on the map so as to r~ach the' sa mple point.

A wOOden peg is fix ed at this location which is the centre of the, sa mple

plot. After reaching the sample point, a square sample plot of O.l ,hect.':\re

with diagonals measuring 4-4.72 metres in NE-SW, NW-SE directions

is laid out on the ground by mark ing its four corners by thin poles.

Regeneration da,ta is collected fro'm a; plot measuring 4 m x 4 m laid

out about the plot centre. For a ,sche matic sketch, of the sa mpli ng

design and lay o'ut of the sample plot see Figure-Ion page

After laying Ollt the plot, the crew leader and other .crew

members coHect the inventory data in the folIo wing tiel d forms:-

(1) Plot Description Form; (ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

Plot Enumer;;j.tion Form;

Sample Tree Form;

Bamboo Enumeration For~ (clump forming);

Bamboo Enumeration Form (ndn-clump' forming); (vi) Bamboo Weight Ferm.

and

Specimens of the above field forms may be found in Appendix-II.

However, these fieJd forms are brief! y described below:-

(i) Plot Description Form (PDF)

Qualitative data such as land use~ composition of the tree

crop and its density, erosion status of soils in the area, intensities

of fire and grazing, regeneration status etc., are recorded in this form.

The basis of assess ment is occular by observing an area of about 2

ha around the plot centre. The surrounding area of 2 ha is not marked.

-13-

on Plot Enumeration Form (PEF)

The trees and" bamboo c1u rrps in the 0.1 11a plot are enumerated .' . and recorded with the name· of the species and the dia meter at breast

height.

(iii) Sample Tree'Form (STF)

The data in this form is collected. fro m the North quarter

of the sample plot. Name of the'tree species, its diameter at breast

height, doubJe bark thickness (dbt), dominance status, length of the

clear bole and height of each tree enumerated in this quadrant are

recorded~ The data from this form helps in developing local volume

equations for the species in the s':!rvey area. Under bark volu me is

also derived from the 'IOcaJ volume equations with the help of bark

thickness data. The area of tKe sa mple tree plot. is 0.025 ha.

(iv) Cc.I.(v) Bamboo Enumerat ion (clump and non-clu mp for ming , Forms' (BEF)

These for ms are used whenever bamboo cHJ,mps are ,encountered

in the sample plots. Data such as the number of culms in each c1urrp,

their size, maturity cbndition, length etc., are recorded.

(vi) i:?amtx)O Weight Form

For, determining the 'correlatioh b~tween green and dry weight

of the utilizable length of bamboo culm sample pieces of mature culms

are cut C-\nd weighed at regular intervals' of ti me till a constant air

dry weight is obtained.

2.5 Intensity of the Survey

A tota I of 357 sa mple plots were marked on the forest areas

depicted on the toposhee~ pertaining to Chickamagalur and Hassan

distr icts. The total extent of the forest area depicted on the Survey

of india toposhee1S was esti mated by using the dot grid te mplates.

The area represented by each sa mple point is worked out in the following

manner:

Tota 1 forest area ::: 3.552.73 kmL

Total number of sample points marked on the forest area ::: 357

Area weight 3552.73 9.952 km2 = 357 =

-14-

At the time,of marking th~ samp~e, point locations on the

ground, it was found that at 64 sall1ple point locations where presence

of forest had been indicated by the maps, the lands were now under

non-forestry use. The net forest area thus works out t o:

(357 - ,64) x 9.952

= 293 x 9.952

= 2915.936 km2

At these 293 sample plots , which were found to be in forest areas

(forest areas in the subsequent port ions of ~ this report w ill refer to

the net forest area~ Le. 2915.936 km1, square pJots of 0.1 ha were

laid and measure ments made.

The intensity of this survey is w~rked out in the following manner:-

Total extent of forest az:ea sampled = 29l5.936 km2

= 291593 ha.

Total area of the sample pio1s == 293 x Q •. l ha~

= 29.3 ha

Intensi ty ,of the survey = 29.3 100 291593 x

:'_ 0.01%

-15-

CHAPTER-3

DATA PROCESSING

3.1 Preparation of Data for Manual Proce$ing

The field data of this survey area recorded in the fie J d

forms were processed manual! y in the zonal. office, so as to enable

the fiel d staff .such as Junior Technical As;istants and Senior Technical

Assistants to understand the steps involved in data processing.

The field staff were fully involved in the manual Processing of

the fie I d da1":a under the guidance of the Deputy Director. ..

Th~ field inventory manual provides for classification

of forest areas of this zone as Miscellaneous and Teak forests only.

It was found on cursory examination of field data that the forests

of the survey area whether' of the evergreen, semi-evergreen or

deciduous types were classified as Miscellaneous forests. It was

therefore fe 1t that three ne w crop co mposi tion codes na mel y the

evergreen, se mi-evergreen and deci duous forests should be included

in the manual and the field data reclassified in accordance with

the definition of these new forest types. The field forms were

checkeCi and crop composi tion codes suitably changed. Other incon­

sistencies were detected and rectified before commencement of m anua 1 process i ng .

3.2 Preparation of Stand Tables

Figure 3.2 is a flow chart indicating the entire process

of inventory and the data that can be obtained at each stage.

':16-

Forest Area (Gross) (Areas depicted in Green· Wash on Survey of India Toposheets)

Sample plot marking on maps a~d collection of inventory data in the field.

1 1 Non Forest (Agr fculture, Water bod ies. and habi tations)

( Actual Forest

Forest A rea)

1 , O'nly Arep fnformation required

I Tree Forest

(Net Tree Forest Area)

1 All Grow jng Stock and other quali ta­ti ve and quant i ta­tive data 'desired

Fig.3.2

1 I

Scrub Forest

1 Only qualitative data and infor­mation on soils

1 Barren and Pasture land,'>

SOi,1.nd land data

-17-

Table 3.2 belo,W indicates the distr ibution of the net

tree forest area by administrative, legal and ecological divisions.

Table 3.2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------(A) Division Chic,kmagalur K~pa Bhadr.avati Hassan Total --------------------------------------7---~-----------------------------________ _ No. of S. Ps 53 124 45 34 256 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------(B) Legal Status Reserved

forests Protected

forests Unc1assed forests Total

--------------------~-------------------------------------------------------------No. of S.Ps 164 2 90 256 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------(c) Forest Type Evergreen 5emi- Deci-

evergreen duous Teak Misc. Total

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------No. of S.Ps 65 113, 34 •.. 25 19 256

-----------------------------------------------------------------------:--

A stand table was next prepared for each of the 12 sub-

divisions indicated ~n Table 3.2 above. The manl1er~ of preparation

of the stan'd table is ,explained below.

A blank table was prepared which indicated on the extreme

left hand side all the species of trees recorded in the field forms

pertaining to the sample plots of that particular sub-<fivision.

On the right hand space columns indicating diameter classes (of 10 cm

interval) were made. The nu mber of ste ms of a species recorded

in the Plot Enumeration Form was tallied under the respective dia meter class colu mn. In this way all the PEF data of all the

sample plots were transferred on to this master table. The number

of tallies under each diameter class was then totalled and divided

by the total number of sample plots 1n the sub-division . We thus

have a stand table' indicating the distribution of number of stems

per sample plot in the 5ub-<fivision by diameter classes. By multiply­

ing each-of these figures by 10 we get the distribution of number

of stems per hectare in the sub-division by diameter classes.

-18-

3.3 Area Computation

TIle extent of the forested land Snown on the toposheet

was esti mated with the help of a dot grid in the zonal office.

The area of forests under var ious categories" such as forest type, ; - .. I ~

soil erosion status, grazing incidence, fire incidence; canopy density . ..

classes etc., was'estimated by muJtipJying the number of sample

plots occurring in that dass f?Y_,~tte area weight of each sample

point. However it may be noted that in such of the classes, in

which a small number of sample 'points .. a(e found the area esii~ate may not be very _reliable. Due caution may therefore be exercised While usi~g the area fil?ures.

3.4 Yolu me Est j mation

CoJJection ~f feJJed tree data by the FSI for developing

general volume equations has b.een discontinued. The" height-dia meter

data of sa mple trees of evergreen species recorded in the 5 TF

of the survey area were found to show s1 miJar.i ties '!v)th th~ hei ght- •

d ia meter data of the trees in the inventory conducted dur ing the . . ...... .

F AO period in Kera la. The vol~ me equations, developed for the

evergreen species in the FAO aided .jnventory were therefore adopted •

for this survey also. Volu me equations bf ,teak and 'rest of the

species' developed for Mahaboobnagar (Andhra Pradesh) survey

have been used. The volume equations so developed' are'a a function

of the BH dia meter of the tree irrespective of the height of the tree.

"The volu me equations, used for different groups of trees are indicated below.

-19;..

1. Cordia lucida Group 1 2. PoJyaJthia fragrans

3. Artocarpus hirsuta

V = 0.076 - 1.319 0 + 11.370 02

l. DysoxyJu~;~:-rnalabaricum 2. Hoi i garna arnott,iana

~roup 2 3. Hopea parvifJora 4. Mesua ferrea 5. Viteria indica 6. Mangifei"a indicil

V 0.288 2.913 0 13.869 ·2

= - + D

1. H ydn,ocarpus wightiana

Group 3 2. Machi Ius macarantha 3. Stereospermum che lenoides!personatum 4. Cinnarrornum wightianum/zeylanicum

V = 0.089 - 1.242 D + 9.732 0 2

1. Anogeissus latifol ia 2. Cassia fi"stula

Group 4 3. Terrninalia tomentosa 4. Vitex al tissi rna .5. Xylia xyloc?rpa

V = 0.289 - 2.653 0 + 11.7n 0 2

1 • Grewia t1 liaefol ia 2. Lagerstroemia lanceolata

Group 5 3. Pterocarpus marsupium 4. Terrninal1a paniculata 5. Oillenia pentagyna

'i 2 V - 0.070 - 1.295 D + . 9.429. D

1. Adina c6rd.lfolia .

Group 6 2. Dalbergia latifolia 3. Macaranga pehata 4. . Bombax ceiba

V = 0.296 - 2.829 0 + 12.207 D2

Group 7 1. Schle1chera oleosa/tr 1 juga 2. Tetrameles nudiflora

V = 0.010 - 0.912 0 .; 11.396 D2

Group 8 1. Tectona grandis

V = 0.086 + 5.641 D2

Group 9 1- Rest of species

V = 0.058 + 4-.598 D2

-20-

3.5 Tree Volu me and Plot VoJu me

~ The volu me of a tree corresponding to the mid diameter

of the class interval was calculated by using the appropriate volume

equation. The number of trees shown under the corresponding 'diameter

class in the stand table was then multiplied with the mid dia meter

class volume to obtain the distribution of standing volume by diameter class.

The standing volu me in each plot was si milarly calculated.

3.6 Sampling Error

The estimates obtained from the inventory will, of

course, have errors associated with them. The user of the results

wants. to have so me control over how large these errors are, or

at the v~ry least have an error esti mate computed after the inventory

is completed. The control over the error is genera 11 y stated in

terms of a requirement involving two quantities: confidence level

and aJJowable error. SUppose the sa mple is designed to est i mate

a population value ~ (to be regarded as fixed but unknown) with

an esti mate ~ (to be regarded as a random var iable). The accuracy

require ment is then state din the for m: it .is requi red that we

be h% confident that the interval (O$:-ll~O &: , & + 160 6(:.) contains

~he parameter«. So h is the conf~dence level and K is the alJowable

error. This means that if the sa me sa mple survey is pertor med

100 times, with a new sample taken each time, the expected number

of t1 rnes the interval includes cc is at least h.

The sample was considered as a random sample although

only one plot is marked randomly cnd the position of the second

plot depends on that of the first one. Thus the sa mples were in

effect part 1 y syste matic. But there are no reliable methods for

e stimating the sampling er~ors involved in systematic samples.

We may however consider the sa mples to be si mple random sample

of unequal clusters since many of the grids have only one sample

plot. The t'ollow1ng formuJa was applied for dete.rmining the sampling error.

-21-

Let n =, Tota 1 No. of clusters (grids) in the sa mple j

Y. :: Sum of the per hectare volumes in tre ith grid 1

X. = Number of plots in ith. grid. 1

x = -n

n .L

n L­id

Y.

X. :: Average Number of Plots per gr i d . (

I'; ..

R :: 1= 1 n

i~

, 1

x. , ~

- Est,imate ,of average volume per hectare over all gr j ds .

1 ':::$;

I t ·

Esti mate "'of variance~ of R n

.1\ V (R) =

N - n

N x n 5(2.

1 -2" ri (n-l) X

L i=1

n

E i = 1

A 2 (y - R X . )

1. • 1

Y .. R' x. 1 1

I I I

I-

(Ignoring N - n N the' Hnite population. correction faLor).

'.~ .:..;1

n I .~ I n 1 n 2 ,. R2 :: 1: y, 2 R 2- x. y. + IE.

(n-l) X2 1 :: 1 1 1=1 ... -!,1 , ( ,

Ll n .- ~. , , I : ~

~

\ . <,

Estimate of the Standard Error (SE) of R • • :.. .-', .J' ",.

SE% ::! SE .~

R x 1.00_

Standard Err"ois have been est imat~c' for 'the growing stock

, in ,each forest type and over the ent ire ~rea ffrespect' ive of the 'I .:'

x. 2 I

-22-

3.7 Bamboo

3 .. 7.1 Area:- The occurrence of bamboo was examined in an

area,. of about 2 ha around the pJot centre and its densi ty and qua Ii ty

recorded in the plot deSCription form. The area under bamboo was esti mated fro m this information by appJying the area weight

of each plot. Area under each quaE ty of bamboo was also esti mated

from the number of plots faJJing in each quality.

3.7.2. Clumps per hectare:- The bamboo clumps occurring

in each sample plot were enumerated by species a nd diameter

of the <:lump. This information was utilised for estimating the

number of clu mps per hectare by species and c]u rhp size class.

Dendrocalamus str ictus and Bambusa arundinacea were the only

two bamboo species in the area. Therefore separate esti mates

were obtained for each. However, to esti mate the number of clumps

per hectare in each quaJi ty and cJu mp 51 ze c1 ass, the plot descri pt ion

form and the plot enumeration for m data were merged together.

3.7.3 Culms per Clump:- Every eighth clu mp starting with the first clu mp in a sample plot was selected and the number of

culms by age (current year, one to two years, and over two years) . and soundness (green sound, green da maged, dry sound, dr'y damaged

and decayed) was enumerated and recorded. The cuI ms were -further

classified by clJ1m diameter class (2 cm to under 5 cm; 5 em to

under 8 cm; 8 cm and above). This information was lIsed for estimat­

ing the nu mber of cuI ms per c1u mp in different classes.

3.7.4 CuI ms per Hectare :_ The est i mates of ·the nu mber of clu mps per hectare and the nu mber of cuI ms per c1Li mp proy ide

an est i mate of the nu mber of cuI ms per hectare und~r different c I asses of each spec les •

3.7.5 Total number of CuI ms:- The estimates of the number of cuI ms per hectare and the extent of area under the specific

quali ty classe s are used to estimate the total number of bamboo cUlms in the inventoried area.

-23-

3.7.6 Bamboo Stock:- Weight of the utilisable portion of •

green cui ms of dia meter 2 to under .5 c m; 5 to under 8 cm; and

8 cm and above, were .recorded by felling bambqo culms from the

first clump in each plot. Average green weight of a cui m was

thus obtained in different dia meter classes of cuI ms of each species.

The following factors were used to co~elate the green

weight to the dry weight of different categories of cuI ms~

Dry Sound Culm = 1/2 green sound culm

Dry damaged cuI m = 1/4 green sound cui m

Green da maged cui m = 1/2 green sound culm

Decayed culm = 0

Applying the above factors to the green weight of bamboo cui ms

and the total number of cui mS7 the total bamboo stock (green weight)

was esti mated • . 3.7.7 Dry Weight Equivalent of Bamboo Stock;- To estimate the

,bamboo weight ·at 10% moisture the following factors were used:

Species

1. Bambusa arundinacea

'2. Dendrocalamus strictus.

5lf..19% (54)

56.11 % (29)

54.29% (36)

56.95% (2)

53.33% (9)

Nil

(Figures in brackets are the number of samples)

Green tonnage was covered to dry tonnage by. applying

the above dr iage factors.

-24-

CHt\PTER-4

RESULTS OF THE INVENTORY

We discuss in this chapter the results of the inventory.

Topography of the Forest Area

The general topography of th-e terrain around the sample

point locations was assessed ocular ly in the field as well as by

referring to the topographic maps. 65.19% (1900.83 km2 ) of the

forest area is found to be on hilly terrain; 29 • .3.5% (855.87 km2 ) on

gently roBing terrain; and only 5.46% 059.23 km2 ) on flat terrain.

4.2 Land Use Pattern i:1 Forest Area

The current status and manner of utiJisation of forest

lands and their extent is estimated on the basis of the number

of sample points falling on that use categcry and. the area weight

of sampJe points. Table 4.2 giyes an approximate indication of

the land use pattern in the forest area.

Table 4.2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------51. No.

1.

2. 3.

4.

5.

6.

7. 8.

9.

Land Use Number of sample

------------------------------ _P~J_~!~ __ __ Tree ._Forest

Scrub Forest

Young Plantations

Government grassland Barren land·

Unestabl ished Regeneration

Agricultural Jand

Wa1er bodies

Habi tatton

Total

242

19

13

17

1

58

5

1

... -... ---------357

Area in ha. Percentage

------------- --------------240838 67.79

18909 5.32

12938 3.64

16918 4.76

995 0.23

995 0.28'

57722 16.25

4976 1.4-0 995 0.28

---------- ---------355286 100.0

----------.._,_------------------- -------------------------------------

-25-

~_+TR&I! ~ORe:8T

A~&.. TUR~L &..AND . • .. aa -" •

. , '

GOVT ~AaS ·L,;ANP .... 7. -/­

VOUNe PLANTA-rtoN a.a .. ~. ·WATER· BODfl!:tJ " 1.,,0 -.I'e

8Jlt.ICRI!·N &..AND 0.2."/·

UN «STABLIStC:O REGa-«ftATION o.a. -"e.

"".'TATIOtoi

.. Fig. ~4.2.

-26-

The net area that is actuall y under forestr y use consists

of seria'l numbers 1 to 6 of Table 4.2. The total number of sample

points and the corresponding area are 293 and 29 1"5.936 k~ respectively.

Out of this net forest area the areas under tree forest are 'those

that fall under ser ia I nu moors 1, 3 and 6. The tota 1 nu mber of

plots and the extent of this area, which will be calJed actual tree forest

area, are 256 and 2547.712 km2 respectively. The data regarding the

terrain and $0115 are. recorded for the net forest area whereas data

such as crop composi tion, top height, size class, intensity of regenera­

tion etc., are recorded for the plots falling in actual tree forest area.

4.3 State of Health of. Forest Soil s I

The state of health of forest soils can be gauged by

factors such as depth, consistency, erosion and density of vegetal

Cover on the soil.

4.3.1 Depth of Soils

The, soil depth data is collected, by digging 15 cm deep pi ts in

the sample plots and est i mat ing the probable depth of the soil

at further depths by observing fresh cuttings of earth in nearby

areas or' lanqslips etc. The foifowing soil depth categories have

been r'k:~ognise d:

Categor;t Oeser iEt jon

1. Ver.y shallow Soil depth less than 15 cms. 2. ShaUa w Soil depth 15 cms and more but

less than 30 cms.

3. Medium Soil depth 30 cms and more but less than 90 cms.

4. Deep Soil depth 90 cms and more.

Accord ing1 y it is found that 40.62% of the forest lands

have deep soils; 35.84% of forest lands have medium soil and 22.18%

of the forest lands have shallow to very shallow soils.

-27-

The following table gives the area figures under each category of soil dep~h.

--------------- ---~--~.- ... ...:.;.------ _...;_-.!'-------------- ----------------No soi 1

Very shal low .. ~ ,

Shallow

Medium

Deep

Unrecorded

-------------Total

'1" 9

.56 105

119

3

293

. ,- .,., 9.952

89.568

557.312 104~.960

11:34.288

29.&60

----------------2915.940

0.34-

3.07

19.11

35.84

40.62

1.02

------------------ -___,,;..------- · 100. 00 -~-----------

4 .. 3.2 SolI Consistency

The consistency of the soil in the sury.eyed areas is

evaluated by observing the resistance offered by ~he soil to digging ':."

and rupture. . Soil,s" ,that cru mble to even sli ght pressure of the

fingers are classed as friable soils but those that require pick :f :\.

a>,<es to dig through are classed as slightly compact" compact or

cemented' depending upon the difficulty encountered in digging,.

The soils in the forest areas were thus found to fall under the categori~es showin in Table 4.3.2.

Table 4.3 . .2

----------------------------------------------------------- -----------------Soil consistency'

-----------------------Friable

Slightly' compact

Compact -:'

Cemented

No 50il

Unrecorded

Total

:.'

No. of sample

__ ~o!~!~ __________________________ _

1

286

'3

3

. '.,

9.952

2846.272

\ '29.86 '.

29.86 .-........ ~ ... - _ ....... _---_ ..... _--- ---------------

293 2915.94

0.34-

97.62

1.02

1.02, -------------

100.00 --------------- -----------------------_._--'----------------

-28-

4.3.3 Erosion Status

The severity of soil erosion due to wind or water is

judged by the presence of rills, guHies or ravine formations in

the sampled areas. Table 4.3.3 gives the extent of erosion encountered

in the survey area. Heavy erosion is possibl y non-existent in the . surveyed area as can be seen fro m the table; but this should' not

be taken as a final word on the absence of heavy erosion.

Table 4-.3.3

---------------------------------------.;_------------- ---------------

Soil erosion No. of sample points

Percentage •

------------ -----~----------- --------------Mild erosion

Moderate

Heavy erosion

Not known

285 2836.32 97.27

? 49.76 1.71

Unrecorded 3 29.86 1.02 --------------------- ...:..----------- --------------.---- --------------

Total 293 2915.94 100.00 ------------------------~------------~--- ----------_________ 1 ______________ _

4.3.lt t Densi ty of Vegetation Cover

Density of the vegetation covering the forest areas is

measured in ter rns of the canopy densi ty. Canopy density' is defined

as the percentage of ground area covered by the crowns of t~ees. The classifica;tlOn used is given below:

/ D~~se tree forest ~ncJ udi ng bamboo

/brakes.

/ I Moderately dense

tree forest.

Open tree forest

Scrub forests and other e-'lposed lands.

'density Where tree canopyl is 70% or more. Includes bamboo Drakes which are areas co mp lete 1 y covere d with bamboos.

Where tree canopy densi ty is 30% or more but Jess than 70%.

Where tree. canopy dens! ty is 5% or more but less than 30%.

~ ~.

Where only .inier'ior or stunted trees inhabit and Jess thalJ, ··5% of the ground is covered by trees. Includes · exposed and completeJ y barren lands •

. ,.

-29-

Table 4'.3.4 gives an indication of the density of vegeiatiof,l cover on ~he forest. soi 1 s .

Table 1f.3.4- •

------. --------------------------11-~-~0.--Of-----------· --~-

Canopy Density sample Area (km2) points

--------..__--,---.--4--Dense Tree Forest

Moderately Dense

Open Tree Forest

Scrub Forests and other exposed lands

----,---_._--------------Total

---------59

115

68

51

293

---------587.17

1114.48

676.74

507.55

2915.94 -------------------~--------------------.-------------------------

lJ..4 Tree. Clad Forest Areas in the Forests

P~rcentage

-----------20.14

39.25

23.21

100.00 -----------

Fro mit. 4.1 we see that the extent of forest areas that

are actuall y tree clad inclusive of areas under regeneration of

tree species is 2,54,771 ha and forms'about 87.4% of t.ne net forest area.

The stand and stock tables, that is the est i mates of the gro wing

stockg will be worked out for"this area (besides the area estimates

of the forests by stand origin, types, size classes, intensity of

regeneration and incidence of fire and grazing).

4.4.1 Origin of Stand in the Tree Forests

The forest areas in the survey area wt:;re classified as

natural, man made or coppice forest depending on their origin.

The following table gives the distr ibution of the forest areas according to the origin of stand.

-30-

Table 4-.4.1

----..;..------------..---------~----------------------------------_------, 'I No. of

"~r i~~_~~~~:: ___ +_E'~lse-~~ Natur al J<?rest. of I '

2 Area (km ). Percentage

,'seed origin ~22 2209.34.4 86.72 _.

Natural forest o~ coppice origin

Man made forest ------------------------... ",,,,,:

Total

34 ..... :'s 338.368 13.28 ; .'._ ------- --------------

256 254-7.712 100.00

--------------~----------------- -------0.!...---------------------------

It can be seen · that the total extent of man' made forests, that

15 p'lantations, is 338.368 k~2 'in the survey ~rea. 4.4.2 Composi tion of the Tree Forest

-;\'

Th'e type of the forest ,at , the sa mpled location was assessed

on the basis of composi tion of species as indicated below:

Crop compos'ition

1. Teak

2. Western Ghat Evergreen

3. " We stern Ghat Se rni "":,ever green

\ '

fl. Deciduous

5. M isce 11 aneous

Descr ipt'ion, '

Where teak consti tute more than 20%.

Where evergreen species predominate in the top' canopy. .

Where deciduous species constitute upto 50% ' of the top canopy.

Where deciduous species predominate in the top canopy. The trees in the forest are leafless during the dry season.

Forest which 'could not be classified in any of the above classes.

The extent of forest areas under the various crop c o mposi­tion categories is given in the table 4.4 .... 2.

-31-

Table ' 4.4.2 ,.

----------------------- ~----------~--------::--- --------------'.' No. of

?ample ,plots

Crop Composition ,

~------.----------------------- --------------- ------------- ---------

Teak

Western Ghat Evergreen

Western Ghat Semi:-evergreen

Deciduous

MiscelJaneous -----------------------

25

65

113

34

19

24&.800

646.880

. 1124.576

338.368

189'.098

9.77

25.40

44.15

13.28

7'.42

--9-------I " ,

Total , 256 254-7.722 ------------,----------------------- ----- - "100.00

--------------4.11.3 TImber Uti'li ty Classes

The trees occurr ing in the sample plots· were categorised

by timber utility classes. Tne different size classes adopted in the inventory is given below.

Class

Regeneration

Pole crop

SmaJ1 ti mber

Big ti mber

Description

Crop below 10 ems diameter predominat­ing.

Crop bet ween 10-20 c ms d ia meter pre9ominating.

Crop between 20 to under 30 ems dia'meter predominating.

Trees with d ia meter 30 ems and over predominating.

Mixed size elass Trees with no marked domination of any' S1 ze class.

The extent of forest areas under tree crops of different size classes recognised above is given in table 4.4.3.

,:,.' :"i'

-32-

Table 4.4.3

~ .J'

-----:~:~-'-~~~~-:---------~-tl ---~E;i!------~::~-::~;r::c:::~~:---, ,,, points

--' ---_ .... -----.... - .... --------~~.. --------------- -------.---------- --------------

Regeneration- 19 189.088 7.42

Pole crop 67 666.784 26.18

Small ·ti mber 48 477.696 18.75

, Big ti mber 23 228.896 ,8.98

Mixed size class 99 985.248 38.67 ---------------------------- --------------- ------------------ ------------------

Total 256 2547.722 100.00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- . -

4.4.4 Intensity of Regeneration in the Tree Forest· Area

The intensity of regeneration is the count 01 all established

saplings and seedfings or'economically important tree species

of 2 to 10 cm dbh in a _plot of 4 m x '+ m laid at the centre of

the sample plOt. The various categories recognised are given below.

Status

Profuse

Adequate

Inadequate

Absent

Regenerat ion

More than 16 seedllngs

8 to 16 seedli ngs

U pto 8 seedli ngs

No regeneration

The intensi ty of regeneration found in the tree forests

!s given in table 4.4.4.

Table 4.4.4

-------------------- -------------1-----------------------------------------------Intens i ty of No. of . 2 regeneration sa~ple Area (km) Percentage Remarks

.. POInts ------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------ --------------

Profuse v 9 regenera-

Adequate 3 29.856 1.17 tion plots

Inadequate 53 527.456 20.70 could 'not be

Absent 191 .,; 1900.832 74.61 laid out be-cause of

Damaged di ff icult

__ ~:::~~:~ed--- I -~~: ---j. ---~5:: .. ~i~-i---~ oo~·:: -----------------.---------.----- --------------- -----------------------------

terrain.

-3.3-

It may be seen that 75% of the tree forest area has absolutely , no es~blished regeneration. of economic~ll y important species. ~. r ; .

We can consider that bulk of the forests in the survey area are

'oot regenerating naturally probably du~, to the pressure of grazing

and other biotic causes. The m~agement w ill, therefore, have-'. ,f: I

.-,tQ f'~?Qrt to Qostly' methods- of -SirtificiaJ. ,regeneration for ensur:lng- a

sus~a ined yie} d l fro-Tri· these forests ',

4.4.5. Fire Inddence in the Tree Forest

The inQi dence" of ,on r:e is evaluated ocuJady by observing " the scars left by fi res in the past seasons and the severity of its

effect on the vegetation. Where fires are an annual feature they

are ,categorised under very heavy class. The following table gives

the extent of tree forest areas in which. fires of different intensities occurred.

Table it.4.5

--------.-----------------_ ..... _-------------------------------_ 'I ,No. of 2 I

_ _:~re __ ~::'~~:::: ____ --- _____ ~~~~e_______ _~e: __ ~~::_~ ~er~~_~~:~~ ___ _ Very heavy

Frequent

Occasion~l

No fire

6

2it

80 .

146

59.712

238.848

796.160

1452.992

2.34

9.38

31. 25

57.03 -------------------------- -------------------- -------------- ----------------

Total 256 2547.712 100.00 . . .::. _._ i. ----. -----------------~ ---.... -----------------.---------------------------------~ o~

It can be ,seen thai a major port ion of the forest area (57.03%)

is free fro m . fire.· It, is li kel y that these are :the evergreen and

se rni-evergreen forests;:, which constitute about 69.55% of the net

forest area (see table 4.4.2).

4-.5 Growing Stocko£. Timber (Stand Tables) £ ..

The total nu mber of ste ms in the tree forest area is

-5,5Q,08,61l wlth:an. ~verage of about 218 ste ,ms per ha: Table ..,.~ T •• ~ '.'

It 5. I sho'w5 ' the per hectare average for the ent ire area by species

an'd diameter classes :~--- Tables 4.5.2 to 4.5'.10. give the stand tables /0' .. '" ... '

-34-

show ing the nu mber of ste ms per hectare in the tree forests of

Chickamagalur 7 Koppa, Bhadravati and Hassan Divisions; ahd in

Teak, Miscell aneous,

and Deci duous types.

Western Ghat Evergreen,

4.6 Growine Stock of Timber (Stock Tables)

Se m i-evergreen

The tota 1 volu metr ic gro wing stock in the ent ire tree

fo~est area of the survey area is 20,223,212 cu.m;, with an average

of about 79 cU.m. per ha. Table 4.6.1 shows the average volume

per hectare in the tree forest area by species and diameter classes.

Tabies 4.6.2 to 4.6.10 give the stock tables showing volu me per

hectare in the tree forests of Chicka magaJur, Koppa, Bhadravati

and Hassan Divisions; and In Teak, Miscellaneous, Western Ghat

Evergreen, Semi-evergreen and. Deciduous types.

It.7 Growing Stock of Bamboos

Dendrocala mus str ictus and Bambusa arund inacea are

the only two speci~s of bamboos found in the forest tracts of the

survey area. The total nu mber of bamboo clumps and their respective

dia meters occurr ing in each sa mple plot is recorded in the PEF.

I n the BEF (clu mp for ming) the nu mber of cuI ms in the clu mps

numbered 1st, 9th, 17th, 25th, 33rd and so on, are enumerated

separately for each species. A culm is a bamboo which has attained

a diameter of 2 c ms and above at ground level and is over 2 metres

in height. Factors such as the condition of the cuI m, its age 9

soundness etc., are taken into account and the resul ts processed

and presented separate I y for each factor.

The quality of ba mooos growing on a si te IS an indicator

of the productive ca'paci ty of. the si te. Bamboo areas were therefore

cl ass if i ~d into I?amboo 5i te quali ty classes. The average height

meaSurements of the tallest culms occurring in the plot is taken ,...I~

into account for the purposes of. the classification. The standard~ '~,

of classification are indicated below:

Bamboo site - quality class

II

III

-35-

Descr lption

Average cuI m height 6 metres or more for Dendrocalamus strictus and 14. metres or more for Bambusa arundinacea.

Average cui m height, If metres or more but less than 6 metres for Dendrocala mus str ictus and 10m etres or m ore but less than 14 metres for Bambusa arund inac.ea.

Average cuI m height 2 metres or more but less than 4- metres for Dendrocalamus str ictus and 2 metres and more but less than 10 metres for Bambusa arundinacea. (The quali ty of other species of Bamboo w ill be decided on the lines of Dendrocalci mus strictus). '

Table l~.7 .• 1 gives the distribution of ba mboos by species and quali ty

c1 ass ir: the survey area.

Table 4.7. I

-------------------------~uali;~-.----t--Ci~~~~~--.i&~~I- i------~-------------__ o ___ --------- . -------________ ~__ T otaJ A rea Species

No.of Area No.of Area No.of (k 2, S.Ps (km2) S.Ps (km2) ,S.Ps m J

------------------- --------- --------- -~------- -------- ------- -----~-----Bambusa arundinacea 63 626.9& 25 248.80 88 87-5.78

The mean number of bamboo clumps per plot by bamboo . quali ty and clu mp si ze classes ,is calculated by a process of su mmation

of the number of clumps in each quality and size class and'dividing

by the total nl1rnber of plots in which each species of bamboos

were found. This is the:n multiplied by 10 to give the mean number

of bamlho c1u mps per hectare by bamboo quali ty and c1u mp si ze

class and by species.. The ba mooo stock in the survey area is given in tables 4.7.2 to If.°;7.8.

9f .:the

dr;y or

-36-

f

It may be noticed' fro m tables that a high percentage .~. rl~ ,..

culm in 'dumps of Dendrocalamus strictus are. damaged~ .... .' ... . . ~- , _' '~\:

decayed. I t is therefore -apparent" that the inc::i dence of :." ;J . . • ~ ' i- . . ..f ~. '-~ . ' ''.

injury to the DendrocaiamllS bamboo on account of biot.ic pnd other ".. :' ... ' -_ ~,,-.. '

natural factors is .relat,ively high. It also app~ars that about 13% :t

4 • ,,'. ; ,-t' . _ .... " \" 'f~ ~

of, the uti.lisable yield of Dendrocalamus c:ulnis of Quality I Isd ~ , . .

f10t being removed. The m~,!agement should address itself to the

task of re moval of dry and decayed bamboo cuI ms' so· as ·to reduce

the fire hazards to the growing stock. " ~;.. . ~

Est.! mation of Bamboo Growing Stock by Weight . 6' ,

Considering the weieht of a green bamboo cuI m as a ; -' • _. '~, .J

unit the weight of. bamboo stock' of the other categories ·of. cuI rns

are deducted by applying the .approximate correlation indicated

in 3.7.6. ! ,

The average heIght and weight of a sound green cui m

in 2 em to under 5 cm; 5 cm to under 8 cm; ~hd 8 cm and above

d ia meter classes were worked out fro tn the data recorded in the

BWF, and is presented below in Table 4.7.9.

, Table 4,7.9 Average hei'ght, green and "'air ctrY'weight ':of' Bamboo Culms

---"---",~~-:-"7-~--"'''~--C----~----A~~~~~~-~--A~~~~;~---~-;~~~~~-TA~~~~;~~-

, Culm height of green air dry dry wt. Sp.ecies dia. culm{in M weight, weight as % of

class utilisabJe) of a of a culm the av-length up to cu.lm 1n kg. erage 1 em dia_) in. kg. green ..

---------':..---- -_~ __ -------- ..,___________ _________ _ _____ ----- ~~_}_g_'2!: __ ..

Bambusa arund i nace'a

2 cm to under 5 cm

g cm and

9.80 7~731.f 4.191 .. 54.19

. , . , above. " - . ---.----_.------- --------------·~19.50 24.794- 53.33

r _;----.~------

2. em to 7.90 5.537 3.106 56.11 under 5 c ,

• D:t~~~~~~~a~us. ·l'~5~d-~~--8;~-- ---.--;~~~~~--- --;~~~;~- -~~-;~;;~--- ---;~~;~--un er c . ------------- -------------- --------- ----------- ----------

" ., g cm and . abo ve • ... . - .. , - ~ ~ ~ -. - - -

----------------- -------------- ------------------------ ------------ -----------

•

--37-

The above data has been used for est i mating the bamboo

stock by weight in' the survey area. The results are presentedJl

in Table 4 •. ].10 and 4-~7.11 respectively. From Table 4.7.10 it

can be seen that about 6.4% of the total bamboo stock of 7,22,925

tonnes, consists of dry cuI ms. Out- o~ the .balance 6,76 , 410 tormes,

about 1,45,815 tonnes (21.6%) is damaged. , This is indicative of

the biotic pressures to which bamboo stock is subjected to in the

survey area.

From Table it. -,. 10 it can also be seen that 33,888 tonnes

out of 7,22,925 toones of the 5reen bamboo stock, i.e. 4.7% consists

of current year cul ms. An assu mptjon made here is that the weight

of a mature (i.e. over hvo seasons' old) 2 to under 5 cm culm.

Therefore it is felt that the survey area can yield 33,888 tonnes

of ba mboo per year prav i ded the manage ment pays adequate attent ion .. "

to carefuL purtUT ing of the green growing stock and tinall y, tirrcly

re moval of the dry and decayed bamboo stock which poses a real

danger to the green gro wing stacl<.

4.8 Sampling Error

S~ndard. Error % (SE%) is a useful est j mator of the error

involved in est i mating the value of a 'population parameter fro m

samples of the population. It expresses the standard error as a

percentage of the mean value of the parameter. The following

tables ind icate the si ze of the sa mpJing error when the survey

area is attempted to be 3>tra_tified in different ways.

Table 4. 8.t

SE% of Growing Stock of Tree Forest Area stratified by Legal Status

Stratum No. of sample points

------------...,------i----------Reserved Forest 164-

Protected Forest: '2

Unclassed Forest 90 --------------- ------

Fro-Stems/ha SE% Vol./ha SE% babi-

in cU.m. lity level

-------------~~------ ---------- ------~~----214.942 5.3 82.l32 6.9 95%

165.000 27.3 89.4-65 7.5 95%

224.707 6.2 73.587 8.9 95%

r--------------.; ,----___; ._.

Overall Strata 256 . 218.269 4.0J 79.378 5.5 95% --------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------

-38-

TabJe fl. 8.2 SE% of the Growing Stock of Tree Forest Area by Division

------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------------------------Stratum

No. of sample Stems/ha points

SE% Vol . /ha in cu.m.

Proba­SE% bility

level ------------------- ---------- ---------- --~---- ------------ ------- ---------Bhadravati

Chickamagalur 45

53 173.307 10.3

188.692 8.0

60.720 15.1

85.404 11.0

95%

95% Hassan 34 209.04-6 16.6 56.043 22.7 95%

Kappa 124 248.021 4.5 92.029 6.3 95%

~~er~~~~~~~~~ =~~~~~~---~~~~;~t;~I~~~~~~ _l:~_ ~~~~~~~~ Table 4.8.3

SE% of Growing Stock of Tree Forest Area stratified by forest type

--:;::~:~---------~-~~~~~--~~e-~:;~-~-~-I-;;:~~~~;:--l---~~;:--~~~~;;~-points In cu.m. level

------------------- ------- --------- ------- ---------- ----------Teak 25 290.400 16.3 69.fl36 23.1 95% Miscellaneous 19 30.000 43.2 2.816 37.9 9596 Western Ghat Evergreen 65 322.006· 6.8 107·733 8.7 95% Western Ghat Semievergreen 113 200.908 4.8 94.247 6.7 95%

;::::::~~~~~~--~~~~f~~~~~;~-:~;;~.:__:?~~;;;~~~~~~:r__:~~~_: Table It. ~.4

S E% of the Stock of Bamboos

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Species

No. of sample points

Mean No.of cuI rns/ha. SE%

----------------------------- ----------- -------------- --------Dendroca1amus strictus 29 1744. 527 + 23.6

1 -

Bambusa arundinacea

Proba­bi1 i ty le vel

95%

597.777 I +, 14.2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

95%

TAB L E S

I I

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•. 1 1 1 1

A P PEN DIe E S

5l. No.

-162-

APPENDI X - l

MAP 5HEE T C(WERAGE I1F CHJC~MAGI\l.lJR AND HASSAN

48 11/2 t 3, 4, 6, 7, 8; 9, 10, 11, 12 t 1 3, 14,. 15, 16. 48 P/9, 10, 13, 14. 57 e/2, 3, 4, 7. 57 0/1', 2.

Longitude E Latitude N of Plot Centre

III III "U III ..., c: ~ :::l 0 01 c: U III 0"" III

III III "C 0.. o >. u ..., III ..., III III :::l (l) 0)

'--"'0 -0 DO C L..... U j

0) ctI CJ) ...-i.e (l) n. Ill"CE.-1-<0)(0.

..... ..., C/l ctI 4-

4-' '"' III 0 OaJ.e

E"""'" :::l 0 ccc: ......

Z III oM a.

+-' o rl

r-... a. '" E aJ ,._. _ ctI

o...c III E EctI .... :::I til

...-1 0C:4->-'M 0 I en I

_.e_ __~_ --~ __ 2 ____ 3 ____ ,,_ ____ ~2 _______ :_,6 ________ !_1. __________ 8 ____________ '1 ____ _

1

2

3

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

75 13

75 13

75 13

75 13

75 13

75 n 75 13

75 13

12 13

14 30

14 33

09 15

10 17

12 15

12 15

14 17

75 06 13 19

75 08 13 1 B

7':> 09 n 19

75 13

75 13

75 13

10 19

11 18

12 19

21 27

29 43

37 06

2B 16

26 13

02 15

58 12

29 14

34 56

14 07

13 21

50 24

38 05

50 41

1t See page 179

Map sheet No. 48 n/2

21 23 ..... \1..

031 10.2(32

21 YD3 23 005 0.607

21 23 ·023 2 . 494

Map sheet No. 48 n/3

21 -.Al1 22 060 22.l6U

21 10

21 02 22

21 10

21 ../01 22 23.702

·21 J03 23 013 1 .863

21 07 23

21 10

21 12

21 10

21 10 002 0.14B

Contd

-163;'

=~r===,~====~=====~=======~==========~===========~===========~==============~==== 1,} 75 14 40 21 ",,"03 23 007 0.518 13 17 47,

75 06 37 .../ 042 4.302 16 21 02 23 13 20 .14

17 75 OR 09 21 Va3 23 003 1.990 13 20 37

18 75 09 18 21 .../03 22 016 3.720 13 21 50 f ...

19 75 11 53 21 .JOl 22 036 15.792 13 21 10

20 75 )0 35 21 J 02 22 034 16.799 13 21 20

21 75 13 28 21 J01 22 033 11?!664 13 21 07

22 75 14 00 21 J02 22 032 23.592 13 21 21

23 75 08 58 21 Joz 22 029 4.374 13 24 12

24 75 10 24 21 .J 01 22 027 12.671 13 23 00

25 75 13 33 ~1 -lI2 22 045 5.7~3 13 23 21 I"

26 75 13 54 21 13 13 24 07 ~

27 75 10 46 21 J02 22 030 29.587 1,3 25 38

28 75 11 43 21 J 02 22 024 9.147 13 26 50

29 75 14 06 21 -~,A)3 23 013 1.561 13 25 45

30 75 09 09 21 J01 22 059 15.77B 13 28 OS

31 75 10 51 21 J03 22 018 2 . .066 13 29 ,}2

32 75 11 39 21 ~3 23 012 1.989 13 28 36

33 75 14 03 21 J[)3 23 G21 4.974 13 29 31

75 13 25 21 "';03 22 017 2.053 34 13 27 58

Mae sheet No .48 (1/4

35 75 12 38 21 01 22 1T 09 25

75 14 51 21 02 22 36 13 DB 04

Contd.

-164-

-------------------------------------6---------M~7-----------8-------------9----' 1 2 3 4 5 _____________ ~ ____________________________ , -------------------------------------- .

37 75 11 49 21 v01 22 034 8.006 13 11 29

38 75 13 05 21 10 13 11 50 •

39 75 '14 26 21 10 13 10 39

40 75 09 33 21 J'01 22 046 15.445 13 14 44

41 75 10 13 21 02 22 13 14 26

42 75 12 16 . 21 10 13 13 02

43 75 14 24 21 10 13 13 00

44 75 13 05 21 16 13 14 29

Ma~ sheet no.48 0/6 r

45 75 15 29 21 12 13 31 01

75 18 27 21 13 46 13 30 09

47 75 19 01 21 13 13 32 20.

48 75 20 02 21 ~02 22 022 7.848 " 13 30 55

49 75~ 23 15 21 07 23 13 31 48

50 75 24 14 21 VOz 23 OZ6 15.974 13 30 42

75 25 33 21 V02 23 031 6.994 51 13 31 30

52 75 26 57 21 ""1f2 23 006 4.094 13 30 59

75 20 24 21 J03 23 026 7.917 53 13 30 57

75 29 05 21 --ti2 23 019 15.402 54 13 31 31

" 75 34 51 21 J03 23 OOB 1.022 55 13 33 04

75 32 38 21 J01 22 061 4.624 56 13 34 25 .. 75 22 03 21 ....102 22 014 11 .081 57 13 34 14

58 75 24 00 21 V03 23 011 0.980 13 33 48 \j Conte

-165-

---------------------------------------------------------~-----------------------_! _____ ~ ____ ~ _____ ~ _______ ~ __________ ~ ___________ r ___________ ~ _____________ ~ ____ _ 59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

75 26 13 34

75 27 1} 32

75 29 13 34

75 21 1} 35

75 24' 13 35

75 25 13 35

75 27 13 36

75 29 13 36

75 20 13 35·

75 261 13 39'

75 13

75 13

75 '13

26 38

27~ 39

241 41

31 13

53 39

)5 48

52 41

00 26

19 56

11 33

20 47

DB 42

02 07

26 21

" 34 04

16 21

. 75 72 13

39 10

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

75 13

75 13

75 13

21 ~ 20 ~' 27

i ' 09 t ~ 03

/' 1 29 t,,4 52

75 ; '8 13 . '5

04 09

25 18

04 50

35 39

18 10

.. 21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

. 21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

''/' '

02

J01

JD1

13

J02

--Q'2

23

23

23

10 -23

23

23

20

23

22

23

23

23

23

10

23

Map sheet No. 48 n/7

10

23

14

23

23 ..

016

024

011

039

021

011

019

016

024

049

024

026

020

002

087

013

021

005

042

'6.431

16.310

).240

I

.2.43.6

\ " 5~ 1B.~

14.861

15.334

,-

1.184

18.846

29.353

25.412

13.852

18.001

O~ 176

9.479

3.226

10.227

1.673

30.404

Contd.

-166-

-----------------_:.-~-..:.---------.---------------------~---.--------------~-..~---::-'-:"--.----1 2· 3 4 5 6 7, 8 , 9 -.----------------------~~.----~~---':!""'-.---------------:.---------.--------------------!"'I.

75 '19 .54 21: ;" . • ~2 22 037 7.933 81 13 19 01' ,~

"

<82 75 17 34 13 1 a 27

75. 21 06 63 13 18 32

,75 24 01 84 13 18 :32

75 24 01 85 13 18 20

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

9S

.96

97

·98

99

100

101

102

75 27. 13 18

7S 29 13 18

75 16 13 20

01 09

11 48

'13 28

75 13

16 13 21 S9

7S 13

18 10 21 29

75 13

:20 19 20,;- Q6

75 13

'23 29 21 31

75 13

29 34 20 12

75 13

27 54 ... 22 15

75 13'

i 9 33 23 36

75 17 13 23

75 20 13 23

75 23 13 '23

75 '26 13 22

75 26 13 24

75 28 13 24

75 29 1,3. 22

55 21

29 40 '

46 36

01 31

23 55

;20 35

,09 52

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21,

21

21

21

2,1

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

~1 22 053 20.550

10 I

~02 \,9 :575 \.,1

23 062 '. ,.. ,

14

;v01 23 20.293

13.

23 032 5'.165

.dI02 22 032 19.030

vtJ3 23 003 0.463

23 021 ,6.501

23 001 0.130

14.

23 01B 5.541

v03 23 008 1.11,6

J02 22 045 6.910

22 026' '3.270

14

10 008 7.199

J02 22 012 8.314

23 01 4 32.483

23 025 14.810

Contd.

-167-

---------------------------~ .. ---------------------------------------------------.-:!-----~----~--·--..:~------..:~----..:---__ ~ ________ .---z-______ .. ____ ~ _____________ ~ ____ _ 103 75 :17 02 21 cv.(}2'''-' .. 23 022 7.827

13 25 16· ),.

75 15 26 21 '~1 104 13 27 12 22

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124 j.

75 13

75 13

75 13

75 13

75 13

75 13

75 13

75 13

75 13

75 13

75 13

19 25

18 27

20 27

24 26

23 26

25 25

26 27

29 25

28 27

15 29

17 27

75 22 13 28

75 23 13 28

."

. 08 27

20 01

32 24

14 06

14 23

55 06

31 21

03 11

25 17

30 55

41 44

16 45

09 20

75 27 19 -13 27 43

75 13

28 ~'32

28 05

75 13

29 04 29 21

75 24 13 06

75 27 13 07

75 28 13 07

75 17 13 09

53 29

17 12

03 24

01 53

,It.

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21 ..,_

21

21

21

21

21.

21

21

21 , .

21

21

21

14 .

J03

~2 ~03

'\,"/03

14

14

14

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22 ,.

23

23

22

Ma~ sheet No.48 nIB . .

10

22

03 20

10

055 18.029

016 13.834

031

019

\ 031 4.401

018 5.881

026 1B.655 .

015 13.175

044 15 .. 384

014 5.369_ -

026 16.262 ,

021 9.926

063 12.100

032 3.440

Contd.

-168-

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 3 4 5 6 . 7 8 9 -------------------------------------------------~-----------------,--------------

75 18 43 .~

125 13 07 59 21 11

126 75 29 43 ?O 14 13 09 13

127 75 15 05 21 17 1 13 10 12

75 19 28 'i:.:

12'8 13 12 23 21 v01 23 017 8.9'12

)29 75 23 02 21 J02 22 025 4.878 13 10 54

130 75 .. 28 36 21 14 13 10 39

n1 75 16 53 21 10 13 13 48

132 75 15 37 21 .v01 22 0491 13 .199 13 13 41 . , .

133 75 19 01 21 13 13 12 46

134 75 17 57 21 Jo1 22 037 8.~09 13 14 43

135 75 20 02 21 14 13 14 07

136 75 23 20 21 14 13 14 33

137 75 27 09 21 ~1 22 051 9.760 13 15 54

138 75 25 21 21 J01 22 049 13.593 13 12 35

.139 75 28 27 21 ../01 23 033 20.134 13 14 17

Map sheet No.48 n/9

140 75 44 31 18 07 20 13 45 04. .. Mae sheet No. 48 n/ 10

141 ,), 7S 30 13 21 ..:./01 ?3 031 15. 187 '13 32 03

142 7S 34 51 20 '-02 23 020 22.050 13 30 16

143 75 ;~ 38 21 "-ilz 23 006 1.532 13 12

144 75 36 57 20 ~2 23 041 11.540 13 32 28

145 75 35 32 20, "-d2 23 019 9.737 13 30 01

75 39 57 v02

. 146 13 31 45 20 23 010 24.695

Contd ..•

-1.69----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 J 4 '5 6 7 8 9 --------------~-------------------~--------------------------------------------147 75 -37 32 20 \ 01· . 10 017 2 861 13 30 41· . ..

148 75 ~1 ,01 20 ,~; 23 012 11.327 13 32 13 . 149 75 41 26 20 ./02 .,

23 018 15.400 '13 30. 14·

75 43 06 Jf. '150

13 30 47 20 14

151 75 44 22 20 10 13 31 42

152 75 31 12 21 J01 23 031 6.172 13 33 12

153 75 33 22 21 12 13 33 17

154 75 34 07 21 ~2 23 052 5.820 13 34 15

155 - 75 35 57 18 16 13 34 38

156 75 38 43 20 .J03 23 014 3.658 13 32 57

157 75 38 47 18 ;../62 23 012 25.872 13 34 29

158 75 40 14 20 ""';03 23 003 0.Z36 13 33 02

159 75 32 06 21 v02 '23 028 3.106 13 37 06

160 75 3,2 47 21 ./03 24 006 1.354 13 36 47

75 35 _,

18 161 13 36 .32 18 02 23·

162 75 37 12 18 J01 10 072 7.094 13 35 55

163 75 38 30 18 '-'(;2 23 018 3.459 13 35 38

164 75 38 59 18 -£ 10 088 ,., .134 13 36 51

165 75 42 DB 18 '1)2 23 010 9.690 13 36 24

166 75 40 23 18 '--'Cf4 23 017 11.647 13 36 01

167 75 43 24 18 Voz 23 012 36.155 13 36 06 .,

168 75 44 04 18 /01 23 038 9.213 13 36 20

Contd ••

-170-

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Z 3 4 5 6' 7 . 8 9 ------~--------------------------------------------------------------------------169 75 31 28

21 16· 13 38 00

170 75 . 31 01 21· \ . ./03 10 002 1 .661 13 39 27

171 75 34 50 18 16 13 37 50

172 75 35 47 18 V 01 23 050 7.775 13 38 33

173 75 36 45 18 '(;2 23 016 8.375 13 38 52

174 75 37 35 18 /02 23 021 44.310 13 37 35

175 75 39 56 18 vTI1 10 040 4 .089 . 13 39 57

176 75 40 30 18 ../03 24 014" 3.938 13 39 57

177 75 41 . 58 18 "(01 10 015 13.285 13 37 34

178 75 43 03 18 '--6"2 10 035 11.338 13 38 59

179 75 44 24 18 Joz 10 018 1.104 13 38 28

180 75 . .31 49 21 v'QZ 23 024 6.370 13 41 08

181 75 30 38 21 vbl 10 041 5. 559 13 41 20

...... - iii P LE ......

. 182 75 32 33 21 03 23 13 41 03

183 75 39 36 18 .v"03' 23 01,3 7 . 46 5 . 13 40 41

184 75 4,1 11 18 ~3 23 002 OA10 13 40 26

185 75 43 22 '18 Joz 10 014 0.70'1 13 40 15

186 '\. 75 44 11 18 13

~ 13 42 14

187 75 31 38 21 '1)2 23 006 1.234 13 43 13

188 75 30 53 21 J01 23 029 Z.928 13, 44 14

189 75 32 40 21 v63 23 ~<t • 007 0.718 13 42 34

190 75 34 47 18 .J 03'

23 004 . 0.624 13 44, 56

Contd."

-171-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 .J 4 5 6 7

. 8 9

~--;..,--------~------------------------~~-:-~~-:~:-:~.-------------------.--~.----------...:.~-..;..

/o? 191 75 .35· 28 18 23 013 8.045 13 4} 90

192 75 37 02 18 ~2 20 021 1.692 13 43 39

193 75 41 18 ,18 16 13 44 54

Map sheet No. ·48 (1/11 .. 1

"\' ""1 75 32 03 J01 ".f \

194 13 15 52 21 23 034 1o.74~

195 . 75 30 22 2.1 J03 23 004 3.196 13 16 37

196 75 34 02 21 ~2 23 045 19.348 13 15 57

197 75 33 26 21 ../02 23 042 10.073 13 16 32

·198 75 35 28 21 14 .; 13 17 27

199 75 43 31 20 07 '20 13 16 16

200 75 32 33 21 14 13 18 31

201 75 35 49 20 14 13 18 32

202 75 36 42 20 14 13 18 57 .

203 75 38 37 20 14 13 18 26 .1'

204 75 "39 00 20 14 13 19 03

20~ 75 43 55 20 Jo3 10 003 1. 340 . 13 18 16

206 75 30 40 21 14 13 20 14

207 75· 36 51 20 14 13 21 49 ... 75 )1 06 .,..

J01 208 13 24 11 21 10 007 2. 402

75 31 24 , .J 01 3.798 209 13 :23 21 '21 10 048

! )'} ••. ·-b 4 ;IIi . L._ 210 i5 43· 01 21 /02 23 02,1 16 .377 13' 23 35

211 75 34 25 20 ../03 23 024 '3. 595 13 23 53

.212 75 36 08 20 14 13 24 07

Con td ••.

-172---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -----------------------------------------~----~------------------------------~--

75 42 58 . 21 J

13 23 25 20 14

214 75 30 29

21 v02 23 .. "027 26.498 13 26 48

215 75 35 18 20 /02 2:3 031 8.227 13 26 46

216 75 37 59 20 --02 23 033 6.619 ~J 26 42

217 75 39 28 20 "1)2 23 018 24.870 13 25 47

218 75 31 52 20 v{)2 23 033 16.365 13 28 29

219 75 41 44 20 '-"02 23 034 14.670 13 25 54

220 75 30 36 21 '--"02 23 014 13.294 13 29 01 ;

221 75 34 41 20 V02 23 016 13 .936 13 28 53

222 75 32 49 ZO vOz 23 014 21.624 13 28 37

223 75 35 39 20 14' 13 28 39

224 75 36 50 20 .JOz 10 019 33.256 13 Z8 51

225 75 38 26 ZO -"_/OZ 10 012 33.761 13 27 44

226 75 39 02 20 "-1)Z 23 006 1. 084 13 29 45

75 41 30 I -.../" 227 13 29 06 20 02 23 011 1 . 233

228 75 41 00 20 VOz 23 024 16.401 13 28 22

v02 ....

229 75 42 38 20 23 033 16. 254 13 29 36

Map sheet No . 48 D/ 1Z , .... , 2:30~ 75 33 36

20 10 ~ - . . , 13" 00 02

231: 75 31 47 ZO -02 23 03Z 5. 069 13 03 33"

232 75 30 41 ZO '-il2 23 029 4.769 13 05 48 .

233 75 34 49 20 14 13 05- 14 -. -

234 75 37 40 ZO 04 001 O'JJ 56 13 06 36

75 33 lS '-Oz 235 13 11 12 20 23 044 1~. 290

Contd.

-173----------------------------------------------~----------------------------------

2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 , --------------------------------------------------------------------------------236 75 34 14

20 13· 13 11 18 • 75 36 13 '..1

237 20 V 02 23 029 17.364 ' 13 10 56

238 75 36 14 20 "/02 23 012 8.580 13 11 24

239 75 37 34 20 /02 23 027 10.G79 13 10 43

2~0 75 30 26 20 14 13 14 31

2~1 75 32 03 20 ..I 01 23 026 18.254 13 12 57

242 75 34 34 20 J01 10 058 4.5 il0 13 12 42 - IZlIIII'f _ . ,

Map sheet No.48 [1/13 1"

243 76 45 54 18 07 20 13 46 35 .

244 75 46 37 13 45 56 18 J oz 24 003 2.452

245 75 47 50 18 Joz 10 010 0.523 13. 47 27

246 75 51 18 18 ._to 3 24 COS 1.794 13 47 03

247 75 53 50 18 . '-.!O3 24 024 S.216 13 46 38

248 75 56 55 18 07 20 13 46 30

75 55 36 ,

249 18 J 07 20 001 0.074 13 46 01

250 75 50 36 18 .JD2 24 016 2.294 13 48 03

251 75 54 35 18 .../ 02 24 012 1.432 13 47 51

252, · 75 i.,;,

56 02 18 J 03 '24 002 0.551 1J 47 59

MaE sheet No .48 [1/14

253 75 45 1Z 20 J01 23 045 8.499 13 31 50

254 75' l!8 00 18 14 13' 31 32

255 75 49 30 18 Joz 10 012 5.264. 13 31 04

256 75 50 23. 18 /02 24 014 2.652 13 31 33

257 75 52 09

J02' • 13 30 58 20 24 021' 3.173

Contd.

-174

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

---------------------------------------------------~----------------------------

258 75 53 25 20 13 13 30 07 •

259 75 54 07 ZO 04 13 32 23

75 46 00 • ,

260 13 34 50 '18 v02 10 011 5.609

261 75 49 02 18 ~2 10 029 3.062 13 32 33

75 48 34 . 262 13 34 58

18 V02 24 016 2.856

263 75 52 19 20 ./03 24 003 0:318 13 32 57

264 75 50 12 18 12 13 34 34

265 75 54 26 20 04 1.3 34 33 ~-

266 75 53 . 08 20 04 001 0.156 1.3 33 03

267 75 55 42 20 va} 20 006 0.700 13 34 21

268 75 46 08 18 Vl2 24 024 4.954 13 35 24

75 46 22 /" 269

13 37 05 18 \;02 24 026 5.483

270 75 49 12 18 12 13 35 47

271 75 48 14 18 12 . 13 36 41

272 75 52 12 18 -Jl3 20 007 0.686 13 36 33

273 75 46 10 - 18 ~3 24 008 1.394 13 38 40

75 ~

274 46 21 18 ../ 02 24 007 0.938 13 38 52

275 '." 75 47 39 18 04 .- 13 39 35

.276 75 52 04 18 12 13 37 59 I 75 52 45 277

13 38 18 18 04

278 75 47 oi 18 y 02 24 007 1.081 13 40 33

279 75 52 :33 18' 04 13 40 27 .-

Contd.

,..175-"

---~-~--------~--------~---------------------~---,..------------------------------'1 2 J 4 5 6 7" 8 9 -----~---------------------~--------------~----------------~--------------------

. ~lap sheet No • 48 • (1/15

280 75 52 45 ,20 04 ,-13 18 03

281 75 44 38 20 d2 24 019 2.880 13 22 03

282 75 50 25 20 / 02 24 029 4.'088 13 22 28 -.....I

7.5 54 33 , 283 13 21 56 20 04

284 75 57 03 20 04 J3 21 07

285 75 57 '41 20 04 13 20 09

7.5 47 17 J" 286 13 23 06 20 14

287 75 49 09 20 "03 24 007 1.829 13 24 14

288 75 48 19 20 -/03 24 004 0.291 13 23 20

~89 7.5 50 03 20 002 24 016 4.390 13 23 52

!90 75 49 35 20 02 24 019 4.114 13 27 21

~91 75 51 32

20 v63 20 001 0.074 13 25 49

~92 75 50 57

~O ~3 24 009 1.445 .

13 26 4.1

~93 75 55 • -31

20 .J'Q1 10 021 4.233 13 27 27 l1li ,. ~. ".,_~fII "'~_".,.. .......

49 . ~94

75 49 20 J02 24 031 10.208 13 _2.7 -33

~9 .5 75 51 19 20 J 02 10 020 1.827 13 27 33

:96 -75 ':'t 53 02

20 -102 24 017 1.963 13 27 59

:97 75 55 10 20 Jo3 20 0[J4 0.408 13 28 11 J

('lap sheet No. 48 [1/16

98 75 56 01 09 18 20 13 12 27

99 75, 45 43

09 :JC)J ~ 24 003 0.222 13 12, 45

00 75 56 26 09 04 , 13 13 01

Cont..

,176:' . --------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 .9

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------301 75 57 20 09 13 13 12 36

." Mae sheet No. 1,~8 P/9

75 39 53 , 302 12 46 32 c:J9 v 01 22 044 13.627

303 75 40 47 09 U4 001 0.130 12 45 49

304 75 42 36 09 13 12 46 S4

305 75 44 54 09 14 12 45 34 -T

306 75 37 19 09 J01 22 050 28.752 12 47 52

307 75 38 09 09 01 22 12 48 06 ,"" 308 75 39 20 09 v02 22 052 5.784 12 48 54

309 75 41 52 09 ~2 22 003 0.278 12 49 44

310 75 40 34 09 14 12 47 46 .. 311 75 39 11 09 J01 22 052 7.928 12 50 34

312 75 38 18 09 10 12 51 52

313 75 40 14 09 14 12 51 55 I

314 75 42 14 09 J03 22 020 7.746 12 50 32

315 75 34 27 09 '--" 01 22 046 6.862 12 53 17 , .

316· 75 36 06 09 vfJ1 22 047 13.629 12 53 10

.- " 317' 75 36 24 .... /01 '''''12 54 21 09 22 052 11 • 162

+ ,...,'"':~

'" 318 75 39 34 09 v03 22 028 2.771 12 52 49

319 75 37 56 09 vAl 1 22 065 21.104 12 54 41

320 75 41 30 09 14 12 54 09

321 75 43 59: 09 . 14 12 52 38

322 75 34 50 09 Jll 22 040 24.778 12 55 40 -."'" .. Contd ••

-177--

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 .3 4 5 6 '7 8 9

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------323

75 36 48 09 ~~ 22 023- 4.963 12 55 45

324 75 }7 51 09 -61 22 12 55 44

,

325 75 42 21 09 15 12 55 41

326 75 44 03 09 14 12

...: 56 52

327 . 75 32 29

20 01 22 12 59 26

328 75 32 45 20 01 24 12 57 58

3L'J 75 41 06

09 14 12 59 05 .I'

330 75 42 56 09 14 12 57 32

Map sheet N·o.48 Pll0

331 75 39 12 09 J01 22 031 12.391 12 42 31

332 75 40 11 09 ./01 22 046 14.430 12 44 27 •

333 75 42 20 09 ,J(J3 23 011 1.076 12 43 03

75 43 14 .

334 09 ..._I03 23 038 4.091 13 44 28

Map sheet No.48 P/13

335 75 59 06 09 13 12 47 03

336 75 55 59 09 14 12 48 36

Mae sheet No.48 P/14

337 75 46 02 09 03 23 '12 "\ 42. 24

" 75'''' 45 06 338 , 09 03 23 009 1.396 12 44 32

Mae sheet No.57 C/2 -=:

339 76 12 03 20 07 20 13 36 56'

Mae sheet No.57 C/3

340 76 09 32' :"-- -' 1-3 20: 18 09 03 24 002 0.148

Contd.

-178--

------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------1 t .) 4 5 6 7 8 9 ---------------------------------------~----------------------------------------

Mae sheet No. 57 C/4

341 76 04 26 09 07 , 20 13 DB 10

342 76 06 20 09 04 ~ -13 09 02

343 76 04 49 09 04 004 5.659 13 10 35

344 75 05 49 09 04 001 0.156 13 12 24

Map sheet No .57 e/7

345 76 17 04 09 04 13 19 53 -

76 17 25 /-

346 13 22. 19 09 03 24 006 0.556

347 76 17 45 09 03 24 010 0.866 13 2:1 49

348 76 16 51 09 03 24 013 1.074 13 2} 48

349 76 17 37 09 03 24 017 1.532 13 23 29

350 76 16 14 09 03 24 003 0.920 13 25 28

351 76 23 36 09 12 13 25 41

352 76 15 30 09 04 13 27 35 ,

Mae sheet No. 57 D/l

353 76 13 25 09 07 20 12 57 01

354 76 08 13 09 vAJ1 20 001 0.477 12 59 18

355 .... '\ .76 10 35 09 07 20 .. . - , 12 58 25

356 76 12 40 09 07 20 12 57 39

Map sheet No.57 0/2

357 76 04 37 09 04 12 33- S2

-179-

Forest Division (Col.5)

Code Name of Division 09 Hassan 18 Bhadravathi 20 Cl1ickamagalur 21 Koppa

Land.Use (Col.6)

Code Particulars 01 Dense Tree Fore st ,02 Moderately dens'e tree, .forest 03 Open Tree Fores,t 04

-05 06 01 08 09 10

11 12

13 14 15 16 18

Scrub Forest Bamboo brakes Shlfting cultivation Young ,pl;antatlon or forestry specIes Tree in line Forest ,Roads Government grass land Barren lands Agricultural land without trees in surround Agricultural land 'wIth trees in surround

-Non forestry plantations HabitatIon Wate_r bodies

:tJnestabllshed Regeneration

crop Compos! t!ons (Col. 7)

Code Parti cular s '

22 l-'{estern' Ghat Evergreen Forest 23 Western G:hat Semi-evergreen, Forest 24 Deciduous Fores_t 10 Teak 20' Miscel.laneous ,Forest

Appendix II

FSI S ! 8anllalo", Fietd FOIfll.f

PLOT APPROACH FORM

,. Pial app.roach Fo,m muOi be filled In .. hlle Ill_ iD~""~Y II. in prog_. 2. Wh,l~ record,ng da,';, iI,s e ••• nlill to ,eco,d monlh and vo.r alia. 3. II. pia' i. wi~iled on mal. Ihln·ona diY, a "'parat" 101m to. each viait

,hall be 1,1I.d uo.

8. $"" ... nd Code

2. Olvh.ion and Codu

J. Districi and Code

4. Map-sh •• 1 .nd Cod ..

I) G ... j Cod ..

II. C,.w Lead., (N"me)

]. Name o' camp

8. Tima (1\0.) .. wt>ioh I.flthe camp

9. OJ.'"nce covor.d by •• hicl. (km)

1 G. T iftc 'aken in JOUln8Y bV WIIhiel.

II, Name 01 th" plac .. up , .. which journey wao pot_ lo,,,,,,d by Y'll\icl. '(descrrbe in bri.I) ·

12. Conlpt"uDU' f ... ,uIU "buN"d durlnQ 'h. ioumay by \I.tliel., (dncrib. in brief)

.. 13. Tim. "I which 51U1.d on foot

14. Oi,gC1ion end d;.lance covered on loot up 10 Ch. ,.I .. ,enee point (km)

16. Conspi cuou. 'utu,,,s obsorved <lUi ing lh. journ.y on fOol (delcribot in brief)

. 16. Time (hll).1 w!!ich arrived.t th. r.l.raneo point

17. Description of Ih" rul.,ronce point ·{D05C1,D" in d.",I.)

18. Comp ... belting from.t.l.rene. point to Ctle ploC "!>proach.d 10' commencing ."ryey (pl •• s. give lh. pi'" No .(10) if any

Hou,. Minut~

19. Oi.l"nc.ol Ih. plol from .. I.,." ... point ("'If) . 2(). o.to .. nd Timo .t \Nh .. ;h orrivOld ., tho plot

2 I. limo (hr.) of L,,~ .. ing tho plol

22. TlrM (h,,) al which rolurn.d to the Camp

23. Compassing dono by

2.. Oi.lonco m<Jasu ... d hy

2'. 1'101. laid out by

211. Troo Enu"..retion dono bV

27. Heillht mu.urorrwnli talulD II ...

19. Bamboo .n"maruion do". by

30. Bomboo "".ighlllhn by

31. Rof.rences in Ih" field w" It·:n bV

Oal .. :

plot 1

p lot t

,,1012

.1'1012

c: o

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r.l.

"

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MAPS & FIGURES

- 1&8- hlAP-'

LOCATION MAP' OF THE INVENTORIED DIST;_

. .s' , . ./\ . . ' , t.~ ' .

• JANIlI4I "\..".-'~. l~ .... 1 r' tcA.HMift /'

\ ( . ·l. . "-..... ..... .......... I

• ...,. / HJMACHA~'("'" 1" \~AD«.H ')

~ j ...... . ... ~. "' . ~;,. _.' "" .

-RICTS .,;: seA LE I: J5,o00,o00

4) I : ..... '-. ..L ' ,-.t....... ,.... J ,"'_ -...- .' ........ . ,...., . '-., ,..

.. J ~"MAR~' , . . q '" ........) \.. .".1 p."v.~ ~.-~."._.i ". .... . , ........ , i-·f· .... · ~.~.~.)~....,

,• . ........... \ . - .,.. .'''''f'. _ ~. . L .• ·• _ •. ' .. ~' II .. \ ., ~ . ._,......... .... . l • flA..IA8"" : ...... UTTAR ~Pt':.H ~. ~ _. _,_ . - ASSAM :~AGl. />#4iJ ..., ... :............ t ~. /-.. ---."" .. , ..... ...... .: ~ , . .....,..... .... { ..... _\. " ...... '. t..... :;".~':_

~. ./ .... :. ::.".i ,-;._ ..... . ~.JII' . : .... .&~:. .. . ,

•

~ .... . ' -.. ••••• ~. ....... ......... ~ " SENG LA ~. .:' - .... ;-'

.. : . .. • •• .,.. ..... ••••• \ a.iAR ~."

-\ .! ..... .. : :. , •.... -.......... --..

f..~) ..... .: ..... ~ OE SH " .y .... :-. :.j. ..; \.,.. ,

.... \ ~" " "~T'" :l~.1 ! I '7 .":. MHUoL " ~+ , . :

." . MAOHYA ,...AOEeH

/"'\., ..... .... . ......•. ~ ...•......... '.~ ...•. . ::-.. -_-.. ., ..._. i· ........

.... - 1. i . _. i ., J \. ......... : '"-. .

....

. - : ., .. -I. : ... \. : .."

.. ··· .. r ' .. :.... lo··: .. f~": ... ~ . " ........... . ..... !.' • ........

,. _. !.... t/" :_ .... " : ~

.•. _? ..,. .,.,. .... : ,. ; ,) ~o#

~-. l~ "

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/' -_.' ." ': ............. ~

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( -l.

... It'A IHVEHTOIlt.IEP

M ... . ...,

rl

II.

'I

r 'I

" . • , I

-189- . Map-

MAP OF THE~ INVENTORIED DISTRICTS SHCNIING

PRINCIPAL FOREST TRACTS scALE" F 1000000

\, .

\ '7 , -...... .. ..

-~

'-.

N

, , . , , CH ... ,.,.,Il,. .. YAI'IlTH./'

I , ~

" ,. , ~ .. __ J'" -', _10" .... _,'

INDEX DISTRICT BOUNDARY

DI ViSION BOUNDARY

ROAD

RNERS AND NA LAS

TANKS

RESERVED -FOREST

DlSTRfCT fo£AD 'GtRS. ..

..,.._ .~ -._._

~ QID

~~"5-~

•

\ .... """"'"' .... ~ { , -I ........

I ,

. f, ,,,-,_ ........ ,"

" I

'......:.

F190- ""(JURE - ,

LAY OUT SK~TCH OF SAMPLE PLOTS

"

01

• ,. ,. 00 Of ,. , 0" 0" o.

._..,,_ __________ • "Jr';; ... t. -----------~~, 08

. , 7W I.

MARKING OF SAMPLING LOCATtONS ON THE 'TOPOGRAPHfC NAP SHEETS

• ~--------------_____ ~I ••

• w • ••

LAY OUT OF 8AMPL&', PLOT AT THE SAMPL.ING LOCATIONS

IIoII.M.V

-191-

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND NOTES

1 • Anon

2. Anon

3. Anon

4. Anon

,,, Anon

6. Anon

7. Anon

8. Abell I.M.B.

9. ;Bandhu D.

10. Black H.L. & Harper K. T.

11. Brown, Sandra and Lugo Ariel E.

Ecology in Action. An Exh~bit Programme on Man and ttte Biosphere; UNESCO.

r.1ah1ial of Forest .Inventory, FAO For-est r:y Paper No.?7.

Statistical Outlines. of India (1984) Tata Services Limited, Bombay. .

Results of Resources Survey Undertaken b y the Genetation Mapping Section of the State Forest Department. MYFOREST 13(2), 1977.

Forest Resources Survey,Report o.f the Pre..;.investment Study of Forests under the UNDP-FAO, 1970.

Draft Compilation of' Results of the In ...... entory o'f F,orest Resources o:f Jammu & Ka~hmir, Forest Survey o.f India, Northern Zone, Shimla 1985.

Report ot' Inventory of Shimoga District v Forest Survey of India 9 South ern Zone, Bangalore ~ 1987.

Single ~and Double ent r y Volume Table ifor Meranti in Jambi Province, Sumatra ~ The Malaysiari Forester 42 (3), 1979.

"". ..

A Study of. the Productive Struc~ure of ..

TropicaT Dry Deciduous Forest at Varanasi. Ph. D. Thesis, 1971 ..

The. Adaptive Value. of Buttre,sses o.f Tropical .Trees, Additional Hypot hs·sis : Biotropica, 11(3).

Biomass of Tropical Forests - A!'New Estat e Based on Forest Volumes: Science 223, PP 1290.-1293 ~ 1984.

12. Chaturvedi, A.N.Ecological Survey of GraSslands at Dudhwa & Misra, C.M. National Park. Plant Ecologist, Forest

Research LaboratorY9 Kanpur 24; . Indian Forester III(8), 1985.

1 3 • Cr ow T. R. Common RegreSSions to Estimate Tree :Biomass in Tropical Stands: Fore~t Science 24(1), 1978. _

This paper indicates tha:t :r~gressions developed ·for estimating fore·st biomass for one . re gion (~uch as TPailand) could b e applicable to other· regions (such a~ tropical rain forests .of Puerto Rico).

Contd •..•.

14. Fernando D.F.S.

15. Fitter A.H. et.~.

1 6 . Grubb; P. J •

17. Higuchi, N (1)& Ramm, W (II)

18. Jambulingan R. et.al. --

19. Kandya A. K.

20. Keay R.W.J.

-192-

Computation of Girth Increment Rates for Dry Zone Species - Satin, Ebony, Hilla and Palu : Institute of Tropical Forestry~ Pue rto Ri co • .

In tris paper rates of girth incremen~ in respect of four common ppecies of dry zones have been computed.

Methods of calculating fine root produc'-tion in Forests : Ecdlogical int~ractions

f~

in Soil 4, 1 985. ' I

The best probable method for estimatlng. root pI'oductlon and mortality i's suggested in this paper •.

Control of Forest Growth and Distribution on Wet Tropical Mountains with special reference to Miner'al Nutrition : Annual Review of Ecological Systems 8 9 1977.

The environmental factors leading (i) to changes in the forest form associa­ted with increase in altitude and the manner in which the species adopt tp these factors; (ii) altitudinal zonation of forest types and the mechanisms involved in ' Massenerhe'bung' effect in the tropics are considered. '

Developing Bole Wood Volume Equations for a group of Tree Species of Central Amazon (Brazil) : Commonwealth Forestry: Revie,w 64 (1) 1985.

Schumacher-HaIl's voiume equations with and without intercept -coefficient was found to be the best for estimating tree volumes of tropical species in the dry land area of Manaus, Amazonas State, Br~zil.

Growth charact..eristics of Bambusa arundi­nacea' Under mixed forming conditions South India: Horticulture, 32(5)~ 1984.

A high degree of corre-lation was found to exist between circumference and height of clumps, diameter, o:f culms and height of clumps, diameter of~ulms and circumference 0:( clumps., The se were not, however, influenced by cultural operation regimes.

, , ,. ' , '

Notes on Net Primary Production in Teak '(Tectona grandis LINN.~F) : The Journal of the Indian'Botanical Society 52(1&2) 1973.

The maximum dry matter production in Teak trees is found to occur between 33 and 50 years of age.

Increment in the Okomu Forest Reserve Benin. Nigerian Forestry Information Bulletin No.II •.

Contd •• ;,. .•

21. Kira, :Tatuo et·sl·

22. Lakshman A •. c.

'23. 'Legris P & Meher-Homji V.M.

24. Littles Elbert L. & Woodbury

25. Malhotra, K.C. et.al.

-193-

Structure of Forest Canopies as related to the'ir primary pro'ductivi'ty : Plant and Cell Physiology 10, 1969.

EXpldi tatiori details of Sharavathy Submer­sion-are'a: MYFOREST 9(1),1972.

Vegetation Maps of India : Proceedings of Sympo~i'um on recent advances in tropical ecology, 1968.

Tree s of, the Carribbean National Fore st Puert'o Hico :; US Department of Agric.1976.,

Hunting Strategies among. three non Pastoral Nomatic Groups of Mahar:ashtra : Man in India, 63 (i) 1983. .

26. Meher-Homji V.N.Application of Pluviothermic Quotient and Xerothermic Hydrothermic Indices to the Indian Sub Continent : The Indian Forester 94 (5);' 1968. '

The paper considers the applicab ilit y of Pluviothermic quotient and Xerothermic ' Hydrothermic Indices to vegetation types of the Indian sub-continent.

27. Meher-Homji V.M.Analogous Bioclimates and Introduction of Economic EXotics : Journal of the Bombay Natural Hi'story Society .67 (3), 1971.

28. Meher-Homji V.M. The term 'Sup Tropical' in Phytogeography; Facts and Fallacies : Environ mental Physiology and Ecology of Plants, 1978.

29. Meher-Homji V· .. M. Variabili ty and the Concept of a Probable Climatic Year in Bioclimatology with reference to the Indian Sub Continent : Arch.Met.Geoph.Bioll.Ser.B, 22, 1974.

,30. Meher-Hbmji V.M.On the, Origi1':J- of the Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest of South India : International Jpurnal of ~cological and Environmental SCience 1, 1974.

_31. Mervart J. Growth Studies 'in the Natural T H F for Forest ,J1anag;ement Purposes.

32. ,Misra D.:N. Current Management Concepts i n Forestry Socio-economic Effects and Constraints in Tropical F:orest Management, John Wiley & Sons,. 1982.

33. Misra G.P. & Kandya A.X. '

A Study of the Aerial Biomass of Some For_esi Trees of :Sagar' : Madhya Bharati, Journal of the University of Sagar 19~21, 1971-73 .

Contd •• •

34. Misra R. et.al. - -~

35. Murpl1y, Pet,er' G.

-1,94-

Determi"nation, of Age of T:r:ees in Natural Tropical ,Des::.iduous Forests of Chakia : T.r"bpical 'Eco'logy 15 (1 & 2) 1974.

R,a,tes of Primary producti vi ty in Tr.opical Grassland Savanna and Forest., ~eo.Eco. 'Trop.1 (2) 1971. '

This is a very important paper a~"the researches of different 'workers have been consolidated. From this paper we obtain the NPP of tropical deciduous torests.

36. Murphy, Peter G. Net Primary Productivity in Tropical Terrestral Ecosystems : Primary Productivity of the Biosphere pp. 217-231.

37. Murphy, Peter G. Tree Growth of EI Verde and the Effects of Ionizing Radiation : A tropical rain forest. pp.141-171.

38. Nicholson, DI

. " .. 39. Osmaston H.A.

40. Palmer J.R.

41. Richards P.W.

, ~

42. Schneider

A Study of Vi,rgin Fore st near Sandakan North Borneo. Proc. of Symp. on Ecological Research in Humid Tropics Vegetation, Kuching, Sarawak, July 1963 •

Determination of Age/Girth and similar Relationship in Tropical Forestry. Research Notes - Empire ~ore.stry Review:

Towards More Reasonable Objectives in Tropical High Fore st JVT.anagement for Timber Production : Commonwealth Forestry RevieW 54· (3/4).

Tropical Forest~ and Woodlands. An Over view : Agro-Ecosystems 3, 1977. ",

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