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GOVERNMENTACCOUNTABILITY
AUSTRALIAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAWGovernment Accountability: Australian Administrative Law offers an accessibleintroduction to administrative law in Australia by reference to its guiding principle,
accountability.The book explores the complex theory underlying this area of law through the
inclusion of many examples and with an emphasis on practicalities. It introduces themultifaceted nature of government, its structure, powers and actions. It explains
and analyses in detail the principles and mechanisms of administrative law in a waythat equips students to employ them in the context of new and unfamiliar cases.
Throughout the book, the theory, law and practice of Australian administrative laware explored with reference to the overarching concept of accountability.
Government Accountability is a concise introduction to administrative law in
Australia that clearly explains the intricacies of the field and provides readers withthe theoretical and practical knowledge to analyse the decisions and actions of
government.
Judith Bannister is a Senior Lecturer at the Adelaide Law School, University ofAdelaide.
Gabrielle Appleby is a Senior Lecturer at the Adelaide Law School, University ofAdelaide.
Anna Olijnyk is a Lecturer at the Adelaide Law School, University of Adelaide.
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-66788-4 - Government Accountability: Australian Administrative LawJudith Bannister, Gabrielle Appleby, Anna Olijnyk and Joanna HoweFrontmatterMore information
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-66788-4 - Government Accountability: Australian Administrative LawJudith Bannister, Gabrielle Appleby, Anna Olijnyk and Joanna HoweFrontmatterMore information
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GOVERNMENTACCOUNTABILITY
AUSTRALIAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Judith BannisterGabrielle Appleby
Anna Olijnyk
with
Joanna Howe
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-66788-4 - Government Accountability: Australian Administrative LawJudith Bannister, Gabrielle Appleby, Anna Olijnyk and Joanna HoweFrontmatterMore information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
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Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.
It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit ofeducation, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.
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© Cambridge University Press 2015
This publication is copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the writtenpermission of Cambridge University Press.
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ISBN 978-1-107-66788-4 Paperback
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-66788-4 - Government Accountability: Australian Administrative LawJudith Bannister, Gabrielle Appleby, Anna Olijnyk and Joanna HoweFrontmatterMore information
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CONTENTS
Table of cases page xiv
Table of statutes xxxi
About the authors xlviii
Acknowledgements xlix
1 Introduction 1
A brief historical context 2
Why do we need administrative law? 4
Administrative law and constitutional law 7
Administrative law and statutory interpretation 8
In search of a rationale for administrative law 9
Why accountability? 12
Democratic justifications of accountability 12
Rule of law justifications of accountability 15
Separation of powers justifications of accountability 17
Individual rights justifications of accountability 18
Accountability for what? Administrative law values 20
How to achieve accountability? Administrative law mechanisms 21
Modern accountability: some challenges 22
Ongoing reform 24
The rest of this book 26
PART I ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION-MAKING
2 Organisation and structure of government 31
Introduction 32
The Crown and the executive: terminology and constitutional framework 33
The executive and the judiciary 34
The executive and parliament 36
The executive and inferior courts 36
v
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The executive as an indivisible and plural entity 38
Executive entities 39
The Queen and her representatives 39
The Ministers (including the Prime Minister, Premiers, and Chief Ministers)
and their staff 41
The Cabinet 45
The Executive Council 48
The departments and the public service 49
Statutory authorities 50
Government Business Enterprises (GBEs) 51
The Commonwealth and state executives 52
Outsourcing and privatisation: deconstructing the public/private divide 54
Outsourcing and privatisation: accountability 55
Public law remedies against private bodies 56
Responding to outsourcing 61
Public bodies in the private sphere 63
Crown immunity 64
Conclusion 67
3 Administrative powers 68
Introduction 69
Commonwealth executive power 69
State executive power 70
Classes of executive power 71
Powers conferred directly by the Commonwealth Constitution 71
Statutory powers 76
Non-statutory powers 87
The Commonwealth executive nationhood power 101
The executive and policy-making 104
Conclusion 105
4 Delegated legislation 106
Introduction 107
Executive exercise of legislative power 108
Types of delegated legislation and delegates 109
Concerns over delegation of legislative power 112
vi Contents
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The need for delegated legislation 113
When to delegate legislative power 114
Constitutional questions 117
Restrictions on delegation deriving from the separation of powers
(Commonwealth) 117
Delegating parliament’s supervisory role 121
Delegated power must be exercised within constitutional limits
and in accordance with the principle of legality 122
Delegated legislation and s 109 of the Constitution 123
Legislative regulation and parliamentary review
of delegated legislation 124
Public consultation, regulatory impact statements, and human rights
compatibility 124
Publication requirements 128
Parliamentary scrutiny and disallowance 129
Sunsetting 135
Judicial review of delegated legislation 135
The scope of grants of delegated legislative power 137
Improper purpose 142
Unreasonableness and proportionality 143
Uncertainty 147
Delegatus non potest delegare 149
Conclusion 150
PART II ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS
5 Public investigatory bodies 153
Introduction 154
Investigation and scrutiny through parliament 157
Responsible government 157
Scrutiny of legislation 162
Scrutiny of taxation and expenditure 162
Government’s explanatory responsibility to parliament 164
Power to request documents 164
Power to ask questions 167
Committees 168
Summary 173
Contents vii
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Other investigatory bodies 174
Auditors-General 174
Ombudsmen 177
Royal commissions 187
Standing investigative commissions 196
Conclusion 202
6 Information disclosure 203
Introduction 204
Protecting official information 205
The duties of public servants 206
Official secrets legislation 207
Confidential information 208
Public interest immunity in legal proceedings 210
Managing official information 211
Information management 211
Rethinking official information 212
Unofficial disclosure 214
Leaks 214
Public interest disclosure: whistleblower protection 215
Obligations to disclose 217
Reports 217
Notices 218
Proactive publication: freedom of information 219
Disclosure to individuals affected 220
Access by application 221
Freedom of information legislation 222
Reasons for decisions 242
Conclusion 252
7 Review sought by affected persons 253
Introduction 254
Forms of review: an introduction to merits review and judicial review 255
Appeals and reviews 255
Constitutional considerations 257
Merits and judicial review distinguished 258
viii Contents
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Administrative law: where is the work done? 259
Private and public law intertwined 261
Who gets to be involved? 262
Standing 262
Involvement of other parties 269
Individual actions and systemic change 275
Conclusion 277
PART III MERITS REVIEW
8 Review on the merits 281
Introduction 282
Nature of review: re-hearings and hearings de novo 284
Why do individuals choose merits review? 288
Why do parliaments provide merits review? 291
Which decisions are suitable for merits review? 292
Internal and external merits review 295
Internal review 295
External review 297
Courts with merits review jurisdiction 297
Judicial review of, and appeal from, merits review decisions 300
Examples of legislation creating a right of merits review 300
Conclusion 304
9 Administrative review tribunals 305
Introduction 306
What is a ‘tribunal’? 307
Constitutional issues for tribunals 310
Commonwealth tribunals 310
State tribunals 312
Status of tribunal decisions 312
Issues of tribunal design 314
Specialist, generalist, and super tribunals 314
Conferral of jurisdiction 316
Tribunal membership 317
Contents ix
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Independence 321
Procedure 322
Transparency 324
Standing to seek review 326
Nature of review 326
The role of government policy 327
Appeal and review of tribunal decisions 329
The Australian administrative tribunal framework 331
Administrative Appeals Tribunal 331
Commonwealth specialist tribunals 341
State and territory administrative review tribunals 343
Conclusion 346
PART IV JUDICIAL REVIEW
10 Introduction to judicial review 351
Introduction 352
Legality and merits distinguished 352
Statutory interpretation is central 353
Fact and law distinguished 355
Sources of judicial review jurisdiction 356
Common law judicial review 357
Constitutional judicial review 366
Statutory judicial review and the Administrative Decisions
(Judicial Review) Act 1977 (Cth) 370
Choosing a judicial review jurisdiction: which court? which avenue? 388
Criticisms of judicial review 389
Conclusion 391
11 Limits on judicial review 392
Introduction 393
Justiciability 394
Source of the power 396
Status of the decision-maker 397
Subject matter of the decision 398
Justiciability and statutory judicial review 401
Standing to commence judicial review proceedings 402
x Contents
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Special damage and special interest 405
Standing tests and the common law prerogative and constitutional writs 406
Standing tests and statutory judicial review 408
Standing cases since ACF v Commonwealth 409
Privative clauses 418
Privative clauses in the Commonwealth jurisdiction: Plaintiff S157 421
Privative clauses in the states: Kirk 423
After Plaintiff S157 and Kirk: privative clauses today 425
Conclusion 426
12 Introduction to the grounds of review 427
Introduction 428
Statutory grounds 431
Case study: Grounds in a statutory judicial review case 434
Statutory review and jurisdictional error 437
Common law and constitutional judicial review grounds 438
Jurisdictional error and the common law grounds 438
Case studies: Grounds in common law and constitutional
judicial review cases 446
State jurisdiction 446
Commonwealth jurisdiction 447
Fact and law distinguished 450
Case study: Identifying and characterising errors of fact and law 452
Expansion of the grounds of review? 454
Proportionality 454
Serious administrative injustice 455
Estoppel 456
Conclusion 457
13 Procedural fairness 458
Introduction 459
The threshold test: when do the rules of procedural fairness apply? 461
Historical development and Kioa v West 462
After Kioa: rights and interests affected 465
Direct and immediate effect on individual interests 468
Legitimate expectations 470
Contents xi
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Multi-stage decision-making 473
Statutory exclusion 475
The hearing rule 481
The content of the hearing rule 484
The bias rule 493
Actual bias 494
Apprehended bias 494
Situations giving rise to bias 498
Exceptions to the bias rule 505
Consequences of a denial of procedural fairness 508
Conclusion 509
14 Determining the scope of a power 511
Introduction 512
Improper delegation 513
Procedural error 518
Preconditions to the exercise of the power 523
Jurisdictional facts 524
Subjective opinions or beliefs 528
Misconceiving the scope of the power 536
Conclusion 539
15 Improper exercise of power 540
Introduction 541
Relevant and irrelevant matters 541
Failing to consider relevant matters 543
Considering irrelevant matters 549
Improper purpose 552
Fettering discretion 559
Acting under dictation 559
Inflexible application of policy 565
No evidence 568
Fraud 573
xii Contents
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Bad faith 574
Unreasonableness 576
Uncertainty 582
Conclusion 584
16 Consequences of unlawful action 585
Introduction 586
Putting things right 586
Consequences of unlawful action 588
Prerogative remedies 591
Certiorari 592
Prohibition 594
Mandamus 594
Equitable remedies 596
Injunction 597
Declaration 598
Remedies in statutory judicial review 600
Choosing the appropriate combination of remedies 601
Discretion not to grant a remedy 603
Conclusion 605
Index 607
Contents xiii
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TABLE OFCASES
AustraliaA v Hayden (No 2) (1984) 156 CLR 532, 88A v New South Wales (2007) 230 CLR 500, 261AB Oxford Cold Storage Co Pty Ltd v Arnott (2005) 11 VR 298, 513, 518Abebe v Commonwealth (1999) 197 CLR 510, 445ACT Health Authority v Berkeley Cleaning Group Pty Ltd (1985) 7 FCR 575, 377Ainsworth v Criminal Justice Commission (1992) 175 CLR 564, 82–3, 156, 184, 466, 593,
594, 597, 598, 599, 603Albanese and Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Customs Service [2006] AATA
783, 227Alister v The Queen (1983) 154 CLR 404, 210Al-Kateb v Godwin (2004) 219 CLR 562, 592Allesch v Maunz (2000) 203 CLR 172, 255, 285Allianz Australian Insurance Ltd v Kerr (2012) 83 NSWLR 302, 363Andrews v Howell (1941) 65 CLR 255, 535Annetts v McCann (1990) 170 CLR 596, 156, 466, 475Anti-Discrimination Commissioner v Ombudsman [2002] TASSC 24, 181Antunovic v Dawson (2010) 30 VR 355, 592Anvil Hill Project Watch Association Inc v Minister for Environment and Water
Resources (2008) 166 FCR 54, 524Apache Northwest Pty Ltd v Department of Mines and Petroleum [2012]
WASCA 167, 232Appellant P119/2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous
Affairs [2003] FCAFC 230, 570Applicant VEAL of 2002 vMinister for Immigration andMulticultural and Indigenous
Affairs (2005) 225 CLR 88, 483, 487–8, 602Applicant VEAL of 2002 vMinister for Immigration andMulticultural and Indigenous
Affairs (2003) 197 ALR 741, 602Argos Pty Ltd v Simon Corbell, Minister for the Environment and Sustainable
Development [2013] ACTCA 51, 415Aston v Irvine (1955) 92 CLR 353, 54Attorney-General (Cth) v Alinta Ltd (2008) 233 CLR 542, 298Attorney-General (Cth) v Queensland (1990) 25 FCR 125, 53Attorney-General (Cth); Ex rel McKinlay v Commonwealth (1975) 135 CLR 1, 13Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin (1990) 170 CLR 1, 261, 353, 390, 456, 471,
586, 587Attorney-General (NSW) v Stuart (1994) 34 NSWLR 667, 210
xiv
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Attorney-General (NSW); Ex rel Tooth & Co Ltd v Brewery Employee’s Union of NewSouth Wales (1908) 6 CLR 469, 264
Attorney-General (SA) v City of Adelaide (2013) 249 CLR 1, 110, 122, 144, 146–7, 274Attorney-General (Vic); Ex rel Dale v Commonwealth (1945) 71 CLR 237, 93, 101Attorney-General’s Department v Cockcroft (1986) 10 FCR 180, 232Austin v Commonwealth (2003) 215 CLR 185, 66Austral Fisheries Pty Ltd v Minister for Primary Industries and Energy (1992) 37
FCR 463, 136Australian Bank Employees Union, Re; Ex parte Citicorp Australia Ltd (1989) 167
CLR 513, 490Australian Broadcasting Tribunal v Bond (1990) 170 CLR 321, 82, 352, 374–7,
569–70Australian Capital Television v Commonwealth (No 2) (1992) 177 CLR 106, 12Australian Capital Territory Health Authority v Berkeley Cleaning Group Pty Ltd
(1985) 7 FCR 575, 98Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth (1951) 83 CLR 1, 5, 16, 101, 119, 535Australian Conservation Foundation Inc v Commonwealth (1980) 146 CLR 493, 266,
404–6, 409, 411, 413, 415, 417Australian Gas Light Company v Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
(No 3) (2003) 137 FCR 317, 394Australian Industry Group v Fair Work Australia (2012) 205 FCR 339, 521Australian Institute of Marine and Power Engineers v Secretary, Department Of
Transport Secretary, Department Of Transport (1986) 71 ALR 73, 409Australian National Industries Ltd v Spedley Securities Ltd (In liq) (1992) 26
NSWLR 411, 508Australian National University v Burns (1982) 5 ALD 67, 98, 386Australian Railways Union v Victorian Railways Commissioner (1930) 44
CLR 319, 264Australian Vaccination Network Inc v Health Care Complaints Commission [2012]
NSWSC 110, 593Aye v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 187 FCR 449, 389, 396, 400Balog v ICAC (1990) 169 CLR 625, 198Bank of New South Wales v Commonwealth (1948) 76 CLR 1, 33, 145Barton v Commonwealth of Australia (1974) 131 CLR 477, 385Barton v The Queen (1980) 147 CLR 75, 44, 91Bass v Permanent Trustee Co Ltd (1999) 198 CLR 334, 64, 460Bateman’s Bay Local Aboriginal Land Council v Aboriginal Community Benefit Fund
Pty Ltd (1998) 194 CLR 247, 264, 266, 403, 405, 407, 412, 417, 597Baxter v Ah Way (1909) 8 CLR 626, 118Beesley v Australian Federal Police (2001) 111 FCR 1, 224Bennett v Commonwealth (2007) 231 CLR 91, 395Betfair Pty Ltd v Western Australia (2008) 234 CLR 418, 455Booth v Dillon (No 2) [1976] VR 434, 180Booth v Dillon (No 3) [1977] VR 143, 180
Table of cases xv
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Botany Bay City Council v Minister of State for Transport and Regional Development(1996) 66 FCR 537, 469
Botany Council v Ombudsman (1995) 37 NSWLR 357, 181, 186–7Bradken Consolidated Ltd v Broken Hill Pty Co Ltd (1979) 145 CLR 107, 65Brandy v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (1995) 183 CLR 245, 308,
310–11, 312Bread Manufacturers of New South Wales v Evans (1981) 180 CLR 404, 560–1Briginshaw v Briginshaw (1938) 60 CLR 336, 573, 574British American Tobacco Australia Services Ltd v Laurie (2011) 242 CLR 283, 503,
504, 508Bropho v Western Australia (1990) 171 CLR 1, 63, 64–5Brown v West (1990) 169 CLR 195, 89Brownells Ltd v Ironmongers’ Wages Board (1950) 81 CLR 108, 143, 552Bryden v Minister for Lands (2011) 184 LGERA 333, 469Buck v Bavone (1976) 135 CLR 110, 532, 535Builders Licensing Board v Superway Constructions (Syd) Pty Ltd (1976) 135
CLR 616, 255Burns v Ransley (1949) 79 CLR 101, 101Buzzacott v Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and
Communities (2013) 196 LGERA 372, 582–3Cadia Holdings v New South Wales (2010) 242 CLR 195, 89, 92Cains v Jenkins (1979) 42 FLR 188, 491Callejo and Dept of Immigration and Citizenship, Re (2010) 51 AAR 308, 228Cann’s Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1946) 71 CLR 210, 149Capital Duplicators Pty Ltd v Australian Capital Territory (1992) 177 CLR 248, 117, 119Carmody, Re; Ex parte Glennan (2003) 198 ALR 259, 367Carter v Minister for Aboriginal Affairs (2005) 143 FCR 383, 367, 380, 389, 595–6CECA Institute Pty Ltd v Australian Council for Private Education & Training [2010]
30 VR 555, 57, 58Chairperson, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission v Commonwealth
Ombudsman (1995) 63 FCR 163, 182, 184Chan and Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re (2001) 33
AAR 191, 79Chan v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1989) 169 CLR 379, 578Chapman & Minister for Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Affairs, Re (1996) 43
ALD 139, 237, 238, 239Chapman v Luminis Pty Ltd (No 4) (2001) 123 FCR 62, 193Chapman v Tickner (1995) 55 FCR 3, 601Chase Oyster Bar Pty Ltd v Hamo Industries Pty Ltd (2010) 78 NSWLR 393, 58, 521Cheltenham Park Residents Association Inc v Minister for Urban Development and
Planning (2010) 107 SASR 205, 272Chen v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1993) 45 FCR 591, 490Church of Scientology v Woodward (1982) 154 CLR 25, 16, 211, 352City of Brunswick v Stewart (1941) 65 CLR 88, 144
xvi Table of cases
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City of Footscray v Maize Products (1943) 67 CLR 301, 136City of Port Adelaide Enfield v Bingham [2014] SASC 36, 184Clampett v Magistrate Cornack [2012] QSC 123, 371Claro v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs (1993) 46
FCR 494, 485Clements v Bull (1953) 88 CLR 572, 138Clenae Pty Ltd v Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd [1999] 2 VR 573,
499, 507Clough v Leahy (1904) 2 CLR 139, 190Clyde Engineering Co Ltd v Cowburn (1926) 37 CLR 466, 123Coal and Allied Operations Pty Ltd v Australian Industrial Relations Commission
(2000) 203 CLR 194, 285–6, 287Coco v The Queen (1994) 179 CLR 427, 77, 87Cohn v Hatcher (2005) 146 FCR 275, 450Coleman v Power (2004) 220 CLR 1, 205Collector of Customs v Agfa-Gavaert Ltd (1996) 186 CLR 389, 452Collector of Customs (New South Wales) v Brian Lawlor Automotive Pty Ltd (1979) 41
FLR 338, 333Collector of Customs v Pozzolanic Enterprises Pty Ltd (1993) 43 FCR 280, 451, 552Colvin v Bradley Brothers Pty Ltd (1943) 68 CLR 151, 123Combet v Commonwealth (2005) 224 CLR 494, 122, 163Commissioner for Australian Capital Territory Revenue v Alphaphone Pty Ltd (1994)
49 FCR 576, 488–9Commissioner for Children and Young People v FZ [2011] NSWCA 111, 491Commissioner for Motor Transport v Kirkpatrick (1988) 13 NSWLR 368, 365Commissioner of Police v Tanos (1958) 98 CLR 383, 475Commissioner of Taxation v Futuris Corporation Ltd (2008) 237 CLR 146, 521Commonwealth v Anti-Discrimination Tribunal (Tas) (2008) 169 FCR 85, 35, 258Commonwealth v Cigamatic Pty Ltd (1962) 108 CLR 372, 66Commonwealth v Colonial Ammunition Co Ltd (1924) 34 CLR 198, 121Commonwealth v Colonial Combing, Spinning and Weaving Co Ltd (1922) 31
CLR 421, 95, 121Commonwealth v Fernando (2012) 200 FCR 1, 261–2Commonwealth v John Fairfax & Sons Ltd (1980) 147 CLR 39, 96, 208–10, 213, 215Commonwealth v Mewett (1997) 191 CLR 471, 64, 368Commonwealth v Northern Land Council (1993) 176 CLR 604, 46, 210, 232Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1, 101, 145Commonwealth v Walsh (1980) 147 CLR 61, 209, 213, 215Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Reeve (2012) 199 FCR 463, 341, 604Comptroller-General of Customs v Kawasaki Motors Pty Ltd (No 1) (1991) 32
FCR 219, 469Condon v Pompano Pty Ltd (2013) 87 ALJR 458, 482Control Investments Pty Ltd and Australian Broadcasting Tribunal, Re (No 1) (1980)
50 FLR 1, 267, 336, 337
Table of cases xvii
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Corio Bay & District Private Hospital NH Pty Ltd v Minister for Family Services (1998)87 FCR 37, 469
Cornall v AB [1995] 1 VR 372, 156Corporate Affairs Commission v Bradley [1974] 1 NSWLR 391, 270Corporation of the City of Enfield v Development Assessment Commission (2000) 199
CLR 135, 525–7Corrs Pavey Whiting & Byrne v Collector of Customs (Vic) (1987) 14 FCR 434, 210Council of the City of Parramatta v Pestell (1972) 128 CLR 305, 577–8Craig v South Australia (1995) 184 CLR 163, 37, 84, 358, 360, 364, 365–6, 438, 439, 440,
443–4, 445, 447, 593Cram, Re; Ex parte NSW Colliery Proprietors’ Association Ltd (1987) 163
CLR 117, 53Crowther v Brisbane City Council [2010] QCA 348, 418Curragh Queensland Mining Ltd v Daniel (1992) 34 FCR 212, 570–1Dainford Ltd v Smith (1985) 155 CLR 342, 514Darling Casino Ltd v New South Wales Casino Control Authority (1997) 191
CLR 602, 484Davis v Commonwealth (1988) 166 CLR 79, 88, 101, 102, 385Delta Properties Pty Ltd v Brisbane City Council (1955) 95 CLR 11, 490Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v State Bank of New South Wales (1992) 174
CLR 219, 52, 66De Brett Investments Pty Ltd and Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Re
(2004) 82 ALD 163, 284Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292, 37, 490Director of Public Prosecutions (SA) v B (1998) 194 CLR 566, 398Director-General, Department of Health (NSW) v Industrial Relations Commission
(NSW) (2010) 77 NSWLR 159, 420Director-General, Department of Trade and Investment, Regional Infrastructure and
Services v Lewis (2012) 301 ALR 420, 604Drake v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1979) 46 FLR 409, 35, 83, 284,
311–12, 327, 328, 334, 354Drake and Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, Re [1978] AAT 111, 328Drake and Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, Re (No 2) (1979) 2 ALD 634,
83, 328–9, 340, 354, 565, 568Dunstan v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (No 2) [2005]
FCA 1885, 570Eaton v Dental Board of Australia [2012] VSC 10, 485–6Ebner v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy (1999) 91 FCR 353, 499Ebner v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy (2000) 205 CLR 337, 493, 494–5, 498, 499, 507–8Eccleston and Department of Family Services, Aboriginal & Islander Affairs, Re [1993]
1 QAR 60, 235Edelsten v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1989) 85 ALR 226, 476Edelsten v Wilcox (1988) 83 ALR 99, 578Egan v Chadwick (1999) 46 NSWLR 563, 104, 165
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Egan v Willis (1998) 195 CLR 424, 6, 8, 165Enfield City Corporation v Development Assessment Commission (2000) 199 CLR 135,
524, 597, 604, 605Environment East Gippsland Inc v VicForests (2010) 30 VR 1, 416–18Esmonds Motors Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1970) 120 CLR 463, 149Evans v Donaldson (1909) 9 CLR 140, 559–60, 601Evans v New South Wales (2008) 168 FCR 576, 77, 139–40Ex parte McLean (1930) 43 CLR 472, 123FAI Insurances Ltd v Winneke (1981) 151 CLR 342, 41, 48–9, 74, 397, 462, 465, 470Fares Rural Meat and Livestock Co Pty Ltd v Australian Meat and Live-stock
Corporation (1990) 96 ALR 153, 578Farey v Burvett (1916) 21 CLR 433, 118Farley-Smith v Repatriation Commission [2012] FCA 80, 492–3Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Crown Insurance Services Ltd (2012) 207
FCR 247, 452Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Futuris Corporation Ltd (2008) 237 CLR 146, 361,
371, 442, 445, 596Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Munro (1926) 38 CLR 153, 306, 308Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Official Liquidator of E O Farley Ltd (1940) 63
CLR 278, 90, 91Fencott v Muller (1983) 152 CLR 570, 368Ferrando v Pearce (1918) 25 CLR 241, 118Fesl v Delegate of the Native Title Registrar (2008) 173 FCR 150, 570Flack v Commissioner of Police, New South Wales Police [2011] NSWADT 286, 240Foley v Padley (1984) 154 CLR 349, 141Forbes v New South Wales Trotting Club Ltd (1979) 143 CLR 242, 56–7, 63Fordham v Evans (1987) 14 FCR 474, 270Ganchov and Comcare, Re (1990) 19 ALD 541, 314General Newspapers Pty Ltd v Telstra Corporation (1993) 45 FCR 164, 98, 386George v Rockett (1990) 170 CLR 104, 534Giris Pty Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1969) 119 CLR 365, 119Glasson v Parkes Rural Distributions Pty Ltd (1984) 156 CLR 234, 54Glen Lapham and Department of Education and Community Services [1998]
ACTAAT 290, 228Glenister v Dillon (No 2) [1977] VR 151, 180Glenister v Dillon [1976] VR 550, 180Godley v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004)
83 ALD 411, 79Gold Coast Council v K Page Main Beach Pty Ltd [2011] QCA 332, 452–4Gould v Brown (1998) 193 CLR 346, 357Green v Daniels (1977) 13 ALR 1, 567–8, 599Greiner v Independent Commission Against Corruption (1992) 28 NSWLR 125, 75Gribbles Pathology (Vic) Pty Ltd v Cassidy (2002) 122 FCR 78, 483Griffith University v Tang (2005) 221 CLR 99, 386–7
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Grollo v Palmer (1995) 184 CLR 348, 35, 312, 326GTE (Aust) Pty Ltd v Brown (1986) 14 FCR 309, 578Gypsy Jokers Motorcycle Club Inc v Commissioner of Police (2008) 234 CLR 532, 460HA Bachrach Pty Ltd v Queensland (1998) 195 CLR 547, 312Haines v Annwrack Pty Ltd (1980) 39 LGRA 404, 556Haldane v Chegwidden (1986) 41 SASR 546, 504Haneef and Australian Federal Police [2010] AATA 514, 229, 230Haneef and Australian Federal Police, Re (2009) 49 AAR 395, 229, 230Haneef and Dept of Immigration and Citizenship, Re (2008) 48 AAR 153, 229, 236Haneef v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 161 FCR 40, 49, 77–80, 87,
536, 603Haneef and Secretary, Dept of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Re [2009] AATA 916, 230Haoucher v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1990) 169 CLR 648, 470, 484Harris v Caladine (1991) 172 CLR 84, 35, 460Haskins v Commonwealth (2011) 244 CLR 22, 367Hatcher v Cohn [2004] FCA 1548, 447–50Heatley v Tasmanian Racing and Gaming Commission (1977) 137 CLR 487, 470, 490Hilton v Wells (1985) 157 CLR 57, 35Hinkley v Star City Pty Ltd (2011) 284 ALR 154, 58Hoe v Manningham City Council [2013] VSC 195, 509Hogan v Hinch (2011) 243 CLR 506, 5, 326, 460Hope v Bathurst City Council (1980) 144 CLR 1, 355Hot Holdings Pty Ltd v Creasy (2002) 201 CLR 438, 495, 501–2Howard & Treasurer of the Commonwealth, Re (1985) 3 AAR 169, 235, 239Huddart, Parker & Co Pty Ltd v Moorehead (1909) 8 CLR 330, 308Hume v Palmer (1926) 38 CLR 441, 124Hunter v Minister for Planning [2012] WASC 247, 556International Finance Trust Co Ltd v New South Wales Crime Commission (2009) 240
CLR 319, 36, 460Jacobs v Onesteel Manufacturing Pty Ltd (2006) 93 SASR 568, 262James Richardson Corp Pty Ltd v Federal Airports Corporation (1992) 117 ALR 277, 98James v Pope [1931] SASR 441, 462Jarratt v Commissioner of Police for NSW (2005) 224 CLR 44, 484John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd v District Court of NSW (2004) 61 NSWLR 344, 359Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia Ltd (No 3) (2000) 98 FCR 311, 223Johnson v Johnson (2000) 201 CLR 488, 494, 495, 496, 504JRL, Re; Ex parte CJL (1986) 161 CLR 342, 494, 505J T International SA v Commonwealth (2012) 250 CLR 1, 269Kable v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) (1996) 189 CLR 51, 18, 35, 36, 299, 460Kamha v Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (2005) 147 FCR 516, 605Karounos v CAC (SA) (1989) 50 SASR 484, 156Kartinyeri v Commonwealth (1998) 195 CLR 337, 86Kastrinakis v Australian Community Pharmacy Authority (2013) 215 FCR 452, 434–6Kearsley Shire Council, Re; Ex parte Hebburn Ltd (1947) 47 SR (NSW) 416, 439, 596
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Keating v Morris [2005] QSC 243, 191–2, 502Kennedy v Comcare [2014] FCA 82, 341Kessing v R (2008) 73 NSWLR 22, 208, 216K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court (2009) 237 CLR 501, 460Khuu & Lee Pty Ltd v Corporation of the City of Adelaide (2011) 110 SASR 235, 58King Gee Clothing Co Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1945) 71 CLR 184, 148, 582King v Liquor Administration Board [2008] NSWSC 1217, 446–7, 602Kioa vWest (1985) 159 CLR 550, 136, 263, 431, 433, 459, 462, 463–4, 465, 466, 468–9, 470,
471, 483, 484, 486–7, 488Kirk v Industrial Court of New South Wales (2010) 239 CLR 531, 8, 59, 246, 257, 357,
358, 361, 363, 366, 393, 394, 420, 423–5, 442, 443, 444, 445Kline v Official Secretary to the Governor-General (2013) 249 CLR 645, 382Knight v Governor, Port Phillip Prison [2014] VSC 10, 592Kriticos v New South Wales (1996) 40 NSWLR 297, 366Krstic v Australian Telecommunications Commission (1988) 20 FCR 486, 491Kruck v Queensland Regional Parole Board [2009] 1 Qd R 463, 380Kruger v Commonwealth (1997) 190 CLR 1, 576Lacey v Attorney-General (Qld) (2011) 242 CLR 573, 285Lamason v Australian Fisheries Management Authority [2009] FCA 245, 144Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997) 189 CLR 520, 50, 84, 455Laws v Australian Broadcasting Tribunal (1990) 170 CLR 70, 495, 506–7Lawyers for Forests Inc v Minister for Environment, Heritage and the Arts (2009) 165
LGERA 203, 582, 583Leask v Commonwealth (1996) 187 CLR 579, 145Leeth v Commonwealth (1992) 174 CLR 455, 460Lennon v South Australia [2010] SASC 272, 55Lesnewski v Mosman Municipal Council (2005) 138 LGERA 207, 483Levy v State of Victoria (1997) 189 CLR 579, 274Livesey v New South Wales Bar Association (1983) 151 CLR 288, 494, 503, 508Lu v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 141
FCR 346, 549Lusink, Re; Ex parte Shaw (1980) 32 ALR 47, 494LVR (WA) Pty Ltd v Administrative Appeals Tribunal (2012) 203 FCR 166, 244, 428Macrae v Attorney-General (NSW) (1987) 9 NSWLR 268, 465Mandurah Enterprises Pty Ltd v Western Australian Planning Commission (2008) 38
WAR 276, 553Maxwell v The Queen (1996) 184 CLR 501, 398MBA Land Holdings Pty Ltd v Gungahlin Development Authority (2000) 206
FLR 120, 100McBain, Re; Ex parte Australian Catholic Bishops Conference (2002) 209 CLR 372, 265,
270, 363, 368, 403, 407, 602McGuinness v Attorney-General (Vic) (1940) 63 CLR 73, 87, 190McKinnon v Secretary, Department of Treasury (2006) 228 CLR 423, 232, 242, 284McWilliam v Civil Aviation Authority (2004) 142 FCR 74, 108, 383
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Melbourne Corporation v Commonwealth (1947) 74 CLR 31, 66Mickovski v Financial Ombudsman Service Ltd [2011] VSC 257, 57Mickovski v Financial Ombudsman Service Ltd [2012] VSCA 185, 57Miller v Goldfields Land and Sea Council Aboriginal Corporation (2014) 219 FCR 153,
377–8Minh v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1998) 86 FCR 304, 492Minister for Aboriginal Affairs v Peko-Wallsend Ltd (1986) 162 CLR 24, 352, 353, 542–3,
544, 545–6, 549, 550, 578Minister for Arts, Heritage and Environment v Peko-Wallsend Ltd (1987) 15 FCR 274,
45, 91, 104, 263, 396, 398, 399–400Minister for Home Affairs (Cth) v Zentai (2012) 246 CLR 213, 246–7, 251Minister for Immigration v SZIZO (2009) 238 CLR 627, 521Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Haneef (2007) 163 FCR 414, 77–80,
87, 229Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Li (2013) 249 CLR 332, 362, 441, 492, 578,
579–82Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Maman (2012) 200 FCR 30, 591Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZGUR (2011) 241 CLR 594, 489Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZLIX (2008) 100 ALD 443, 573Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZMDS (2010) 240 CLR 611, 532, 535,
578–9Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Gungor (1982) 63 FLR 441, 341Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Kurtovic (1990) 21 FCR 193, 456Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Pochi (1980) 44 FLR 41, 255, 284Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh (1995) 183 CLR 273, 471–2Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Wu Shan Liang (1996) 185 CLR 259,
251, 534–5, 552Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Bhardwaj (2002) 209 CLR 597,
445, 490, 492, 508, 589, 590–1Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Chan (2001) 34 AAR 94, 79Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Eshetu (1999) 197 CLR 611, 323,
576Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Jia (2001) 205 CLR 507, 367, 494,
496–8, 502Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Rajamanikkam (2002) 210
CLR 222, 570, 571–2Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Yusuf (2001) 206 CLR 323, 248,
429, 439, 442, 443, 445, 450, 551, 596Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs; Ex parte Applicant S20/2002
(2003) 198 ALR 59, 434, 438Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Applicant S20/2002
(2003) 198 ALR 59, 371, 372, 434, 438, 455Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Applicant S154/2002
(2003) 201 ALR 437, 483
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Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Epeabaka (2001) 206CLR 128, 502
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Re; Ex parte Miah (2001) 206CLR 57, 439, 476, 477–8, 480, 488, 602
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs v NAOS of 2002[2003] FCAFC 142, 575
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Re; Ex parte Lam(2003) 214 CLR 1, 471, 472–3, 482, 484
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Re; Ex partePalme (2003) 216 CLR 212, 489
Minister for Industry and Commerce v Tooheys Ltd (1982) 60 FLR 325, 108, 383Minister for Primary Industries and Energy v Austral Fisheries Pty Ltd, Re (1993) 40
FCR 381, 137Minister for Resources v Dover Fisheries Pty Ltd (1993) 43 FCR 565, 145, 146Mio Art Pty Ltd v Brisbane City Council (2010) 178 LGERA 387, 286MLC Investments Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (2003) 137 FCR 288, 570Mobil Oil Australia Pty Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1963) 113
CLR 475, 482Momcilovic v The Queen (2011) 245 CLR 1, 455Monash University v Berg [1984] VR 383, 370Mowen v Queensland State Government [2011] QSC 012, 418Mrs X v Secretary, Department of Human Services [2003] VSC 140, 365Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1976) 136 CLR 1, 379, 550–1MZXOT v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2008) 233 CLR 601, 389NAAV v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2002)
123 FCR 298, 362Nadkarni v Nadkarni [2011] FamCAFC 160, 503NAKF v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Ethnic Affairs (2003) 130
FCR 210, 575NAOX v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 112 ALD 54, 575National Trust of Australia (NT) v Minister for Lands, Planning and Environment
(1997) 142 FLR 125, 598Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills (1992) 177 CLR 1, 12, 391NEAT Domestic Trading Pty Ltd v AWB (2003) 216 CLR 277, 60–1New South Wales v Bardolph (1934) 52 CLR 455, 94New South Wales v Canellis (1994) 181 CLR 309, 483, 490New South Wales v Commonwealth (1915) 20 CLR 54, 118New South Wales v Commonwealth (1975) 135 CLR 337, 40New South Wales v Commonwealth (2006) 229 CLR 1, 120–1New South Wales v Macquarie Bank Ltd (1992) 30 NSWLR 307, 455New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council v Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Commission (1995) 59 FCR 369, 377New SouthWales Breeding & Racing Stables Pty Ltd v Administrative Appeals Tribunal
(2001) 53 NSWLR 559, 259, 604
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New South Wales Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages v Norrie (2014) 306ALR 589, 274, 537–9
New South Wales Thoroughbred Racing Board v Waterhouse (2003) 56 NSWLR 691,286–7
News Corporation Ltd v National Companies and Securities Commission (1984) 1FCR 64, 430
Nicholas v The Queen (1998) 193 CLR 173, 460Nikac v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1988) 20 FCR 65, 578Nolan, Re; Ex parte Young (1991) 172 CLR 460, 460North Australian Aboriginal Legal Aid Service v Bradley (2004) 218 CLR 146, 36North Coast Environmental Council Inc v Minister for Resources (1994) 55 FCR 492,
409, 413–14, 417Northern Inland Council for the Environment Inc v Minister for the Environment
[2013] FCA 1418, 431NSW Breeding & Racing Stables Pty Ltd v Administrative Appeals Tribunal (2001) 53
NSWLR 559, 259O’Donoghue v Ireland (2008) 234 CLR 599, 53, 54O’Reilly v Commissioners of the State Bank of Victoria (1983) 153 CLR 1, 514, 517–18O’Rourke v Miller (1984) 156 CLR 342, 491O’Sullivan v Medical Tribunal [2009] NSWCA 374, 504Ogle v Strickland (1987) 13 FCR 306, 409, 410, 412Onus v Alcoa of Australia Ltd (1981) 149 CLR 27, 410–12, 416, 417Osland v Secretary to the Department of Justice (No 1) (2008) 234 CLR 275, 91, 205, 242Osland v Secretary to the Department of Justice (No 2) (2010) 241 CLR 320, 91, 242, 256Pankhurst v Kiernan (1917) 24 CLR 120, 118Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 238 CLR 1, 94, 101, 102–4, 121Park Oh Ho v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1989) 167 CLR 637, 587Parnell and Prime Minister of Australia [2011] AICmr 10, 224Pasini v United Mexican States (2002) 209 CLR 246, 299Patterson, Re; Ex parte Taylor (2001) 207 CLR 391, 42Peczalski v Comcare (1999) 58 ALD 697, 341Permanent Trustee v Commissioner of State Revenue (Vic) (2004) 220 CLR 388, 119Pharmacy Guild of Australia v Australian Community Pharmacy Authority (1996) 70
FCR 462, 435Pilbara Infrastructure Pty Ltd v Australian Competition Tribunal [2010] FCA 1118, 270Plaintiff M47/2012 v Director-General of Security (2012) 292 ALR 243, 276, 483Plaintiff M61/2010E v Commonwealth (2010) 243 CLR 319, 58–60, 81, 367, 368–9, 390,
395, 465, 466–7, 475, 595, 597Plaintiff M70/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2011) 244 CLR 144,
390, 395, 528, 530–2, 598Plaintiff M76/2013 v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural Affairs and Citizenship
(2013) 304 ALR 135, 276Plaintiff S10/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2012) 246 CLR 636,
465, 466, 467–8, 469, 473, 475, 476, 480–1, 484
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Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth (2003) 211 CLR 476, 8, 119, 361, 367, 368, 393,420, 421–3, 424, 425, 445, 508
Police & South Australia v Lymberopoulos (2007) 98 SASR 433, 430Police (SA) v Lymberopoulos (2007) 98 SASR 433, 508Polyukhovich v Commonwealth (1991) 172 CLR 501, 460Potier v General Manager MSPC, Area 2 Long Bay Correctional Centre [2012]
NSWSC 233, 592Pow Wow Training Pty Ltd v Australian Skills Quality Authority (2012) 209 FCR 574,
482, 485Project Blue Sky Inc v Australian Broadcasting Authority (1998) 194 CLR 355, 441, 449,
518, 520–3, 589Public Service Association of South Australia Inc v Industrial Relations Commission
(SA) (2012) 249 CLR 398, 262, 424, 425, 595Public Service Board of New South Wales v Osmond (1986) 159 CLR 656, 242, 245, 246QGC Pty Limited v Bygrave [2011] FCA 1175, 270Question of Law Reserved (No 2 of 1996) (1996) 67 SASR 63, 208R v Australian Broadcasting Tribunal; Ex parte 2HD Pty Ltd (1979) 144 CLR 45, 550R v Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission; Ex parte the Angliss
Group (1969) 122 CLR 546, 502R v Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration; Ex parte Brisbane
Tramways Co Ltd [No 1] (1914) 18 CLR 54, 367, 383R v Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration; Ex parte Ozone Theatres
(Aust) Ltd (1949) 78 CLR 389, 604R v Connell; Ex parte The Hetton Bellbird Collieries Ltd (1944) 69 CLR 407, 529, 532R v Gray; Ex parte Marsh (1985) 157 CLR 351, 358R v Hegarty; Ex parte City of Salisbury (1981) 147 CLR 617, 308R v Hickman; Ex parte Fox and Clinton (1945) 70 CLR 598, 420R v Hughes (2000) 202 CLR 535, 53R v Kessing (2008) 73 NSWLR 22, 208, 215–16R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers’ Society of Australia (1956) 94 CLR 254, 17, 18, 34, 35,
258, 298, 310, 353, 460R v MacKellar; Ex part Ratu (1977) 137 CLR 461, 463R v Minister of State for the Interior (1972) 20 FLR 449, 138R v Murray; Ex parte Commonwealth (1916) 22 CLR 437, 58R v Richards; Ex parte Fitzpatrick and Browne (1955) 92 CLR 157, 35R v Sharkey (1949) 79 CLR 121, 101R v Toohey; Ex parte Northern Land Council (1981) 151 CLR 170, 74, 142, 381, 385, 395,
396, 397, 398, 553, 554–5, 594–5R v Trade Practices Tribunal; Ex parte Tasmanian Breweries Pty Ltd (1970) 123
CLR 361, 308R v Watson; Ex parte Armstrong (1976) 136 CLR 248, 494Racecourse Co-operative Sugar Association Ltd v Attorney-General (Qld) (1979) 142
CLR 460, 513Randwick City Council v Minister for Environment (1998) 54 ALD 682, 582
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Raybos Australia v Jones (1985) 2 NSWLR 47, 204Reference under Section 11 of Ombudsman Act 1976 for an Advisory Opinion, Re; Ex
parte Director-General of Social Services (1979) 2 ALD 86, 513, 516, 517Refugee Review Tribunal, Re; Ex parte Aala (2000) 204 CLR 82, 257, 362, 363, 367, 407,
438, 445, 508, 509, 593, 594, 604, 605Rendell v Release on Licence Board (1987) 10 NSWLR 499, 566–7, 602Residential Tenancies Tribunal (NSW), Re; Ex parte Defence Housing Authority
(1997) 190 CLR 410, 64, 66, 94RG Capital Radio Ltd v ABA (2001) 113 FCR 185, 108, 109, 110Riddell v Secretary, Department of Social Security (1993) 42 FCR 443, 562–3, 564Right to Life Association (NSW) Inc v Secretary, Department of Human Services and
Health (1995) 56 FCR 50, 414–15Roadshow Films Pty Ltd v iiNet Ltd (2011) 248 CLR 37, 273, 274Roadshow Films Pty Ltd v iiNet Ltd (2012) 248 CLR 42, 274Roche Products Pty Ltd v National Drugs and Poisons Schedule Committee (2007) 163
FCR 451, 108, 137, 383–4, 389Roche v Kronheimer (1921) 29 CLR 329, 118Roderick v Australian and Overseas Telecommunications Corporation Ltd (1992) 39
FCR 134, 491Rowe v Electoral Commissioner (2010) 243 CLR 1, 455Rudd and Minister for Transport and Regional Services, Re (2001) 65 ALD 296, 336–7Ruddock v Taylor (2005) 222 CLR 612, 261, 385, 588Ruddock v Vadarlis (2001) 110 FCR 491, 89, 592Russell v Russell (1976) 134 CLR 495, 324–5SAAG v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002]
FCA 547, 575Saeed v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2010) 241 CLR 252, 77, 476, 479–80,
488, 603Salemi v MacKellar (1977) 137 CLR 396, 463, 470, 471Salisbury City Council v Biganovsky (1990) 54 SASR 117, 180Samrein Pty Ltd v Metropolitan Water Sewerage and Drainage Board (1982) 41
ALR 467, 556, 558Sanders v Snell (1998) 196 CLR 329, 261Sankey v Whitlam (1978) 142 CLR 1, 43, 210, 211SBBS v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2002) 194 ALR 749, 574–5SCAS v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002]
FCAFC 397, 574Schierholter v County Court of Victoria (2006) 15 VR 583, 518Schlieske v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1988) 84 ALR 719, 553, 556–7,
597–8Scurr v Brisbane City Council (1973) 133 CLR 242, 521Sean Investments Pty Ltd v Mackellar (1981) 38 ALR 363, 544Searle Australia Pty Ltd v Public Interest Advocacy Centre (1992) 36 FCR 111, 232, 430Secretary, Dept of Prime Minister and Cabinet v Haneef (2010) 52 AAR 360, 229, 231
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SF v Shoalhaven City Council [2013] NSWADT 94, 134SGFB v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002]
FCAFC 422, 570Shanahan v Scott (1957) 96 CLR 245, 138, 536Shergold v Tanner (2002) 209 CLR 126, 241Sherlock v Lloyd (2010) 27 VR 434, 244Shi and Migration Agents Registration Authority, Re [2005] AAT 851, 335Shi v Migration Agents Registration Authority (2008) 235 CLR 286, 255, 284, 335, 354Shire of Swan Hill v Bradbury (1937) 56 CLR 746, 140, 536Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees Association v Minister for Industrial Affairs
(SA) (1995) 183 CLR 552, 415, 553, 555–6, 598Sickerdick v Ashton (1918) 25 CLR 506, 118Sinclair v Maryborough Mining Warden (1975) 132 CLR 473, 415, 568Smith Kline & French Laboratories (Aust) v Commonwealth (1991) 173 CLR 194, 391Smits v Roach (2006) 227 CLR 423, 504, 505Smoker v Pharmacy Restructuring Authority (1994) 53 FCR 287, 82, 563–4Somnomed Ltd v Commissioner of Patents [2006] FCA 765, 377South Australia v Judge Russell and Anthony Craig (1994) 62 SASR 288, 439South Australia v O’Shea (1987) 163 CLR 378, 246, 263, 372, 381, 397, 473–4, 476,
481, 497South Australia v Tanner (1989) 166 CLR 161, 145South Australia v Totani (2010) 242 CLR 1, 36, 460Southern Equities Corp Ltd (In liq) v Bond (2000) 78 SASR 339, 503Srokowski v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1988) 15 ALD 775, 518SS Constructions Pty Ltd v Ventura Motors Pty Ltd [1964] VR 229, 521Stead v State Government Insurance Commission (1986) 161 CLR 141, 509Stewart v Ronalds (2009) 76 NSWLR 99, 42, 400–1Stollery v Greyhound Racing Control Board (1972) 128 CLR 509, 500Street v Queensland Bar Association (1989) 168 CLR 461, 18Sue v Hill (1999) 199 CLR 462, 33, 40, 49Sullivan v Department of Transport (1978) 20 ALR 323, 339Sullivan v Sclanders (2000) 77 SASR 419, 210Sunchen Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (2010) 264 ALR 447, 570Swan Hill Corporation v Bradbury (1937) 56 CLR 746, 140, 536SZBEL v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2006)
228 CLR 152, 482, 489, 509SZFDE v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2007) 232 CLR 189, 573–4SZKUO v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2009) 180 FCR 438, 591SZQBN v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2013) 213 FCR 297, 604Tasker v Fullwood [1978] 1 NSWLR 20, 441Tasty Chicks Pty Limited v Chief Commissioner of State Revenue (2011) 245
CLR 446, 256TCL Air Conditioner (Zhongshan) Co Ltd v Judges of the Federal Court of Australia
(2013) 295 ALR 596, 460
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Telecasters North Queensland Ltd v Australian Broadcasting Tribunal (1988) 82ALR 90, 270, 272
Television Capricornia Pty Ltd v Australian Broadcasting Tribunal (1986) 13FCR 511, 571
Television Corporation Ltd v Commonwealth (1963) 109 CLR 59, 149Telstra Corporation Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (No 2)
(2007) 240 ALR 135, 377Thompson v Randwick Corp (1950) 81 CLR 87, 556Thorpe v Minister for Aboriginal Affairs (1990) 26 FCR 325, 130Tickner v Chapman (1995) 57 FCR 451, 85, 219, 384, 475, 517, 519–20, 546–9, 601Timbarra Protection Coalition Inc v Ross Mining NL (1999) 46 NSWLR 55, 527–8Tinkerbell Enterprises Pty Ltd v Takeovers Panel (2012) 208 FCR 266, 482, 490Tracey, Re; Ex parte Ryan (1989) 166 CLR 518, 35Tuite v Administrative Appeals Tribunal (1993) 40 FCR 483, 341, 604Twist v Council of the Municipality of Randwick (1976) 136 CLR 106, 476Ucar v Nylex Industrial Products Pty Ltd (2007) 17 VR 492, 509Unions NSW v New South Wales (2013) 304 ALR 266, 12United States Tobacco Company v the Minister of Consumer Affairs and the Trade
Practices Commission, Re (1988) 19 FCR 184, 267United States Tobacco Co v Minister for Consumer Affairs (1988) 20 FCR 520, 269, 270,
271–2, 273, 415Vakauta v Kelly (1988) 13 NSWLR 502, 504Vakauta v Kelly (1989) 167 CLR 568, 494, 502, 504, 505–6Vanstone v Clark (2005) 147 FCR 299, 536–7, 601Victoria v Commonwealth and Hayden (1975) 134 CLR 338, 70, 89, 93, 101, 102,
121, 394Victoria v Master Builders’ Association of Victoria [1995] 2 VR 121, 99–100, 441Victorian Stevedoring & General Contracting Co Pty Ltd v Dignan (1931) 46 CLR 73,
84, 113, 118, 119, 135, 136Von Einem v Griffin (1998) 72 SASR 110, 397, 398VV v District Court of New South Wales [2013] NSWCA 469, 528WABZ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004)
134 FCR 271, 491Wainohu v New South Wales (2011) 243 CLR 181, 36, 242, 312, 325, 326, 460Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher (1988) 164 CLR 387, 456Warringah Shire Council v Pittwater Provisional Council (1992) 26 NSWLR 491, 556Waterford v Commonwealth (1987) 163 CLR 54, 355, 451, 525, 569Waterside Workers’ Federation of Australia v JW Alexander Ltd (1918) 25
CLR 434, 118Wati v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (1996) 71 FCR 103, 573Watson v Lee (1979) 144 CLR 374, 128Watson v South Australia (2010) 278 ALR 168, 47, 245–6, 372, 474Weal v Bathurst City Council (2000) 111 LGERA 181, 9Webb v The Queen (1994) 181 CLR 41, 494, 498, 504
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Western Australian Planning Commission v Temwood Holdings Pty Ltd (2004) 221CLR 30, 556
WH Soul Pattinson & Co Ltd v Secretary, Department of Health & Family Services(1997) 74 FCR 339, 379–80
White v State of South Australia (2010) 106 SASR 521, 262Williams v Commonwealth (2012) 248 CLR 156, 58, 92, 93, 94–9, 122, 163, 266, 386Williams v Commonwealth (2014) 309 ALR 41, 386Williams v Melbourne Corporation (1933) 49 CLR 142, 144–5Wilson v Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs (1996) 189 CLR 1,
18, 35, 84–6, 218–19, 312, 602Wingfoot Australia Partners Pty Ltd v Kocak (2013) 303 ALR 64, 250–1, 359, 363, 364Woodward v Loadman (No 2) (2008) 216 FLR 114, 508Wurridjal v Commonwealth of Australia (2009) 237 CLR 309, 274Yaa Akyaa and Rita Kufo v Minister of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, Re [1987] FCA
137, 475Yan Xie v Chen Shaoji [2008] NSWSC 224, 270Zhang v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs (1993) 45
FCR 384, 484
CanadaMcArthur v The King [1943] Ex CR 77, 34
United KingdomAshbridge Investments Ltd v Minister of Housing and Local Government [1965] 1
WLR 1320, 568Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corporation [1948] 1 KB 223,
144, 576–7Attorney-General v De Keyser’s Hotel [1920] AC 508, 89Attorney-General v Wilts United Dairies (1922) 91 LJKB 897, 121Attorney-General of Hong Kong v Ng Yuen Shiu [1983] 2 AC 629, 471Bombay Province v Bombay Municipal Corporation [1947] AC 58, 65Boyce v Paddington Borough Council [1903] 1 Ch 109, 266, 405British Broadcasting Corporation v Johns [1965] Ch 32, 91Carltona Ltd v Commissioners of Works [1943] 2 All ER 560, 516Chief Constable of North Wales Police v Evans [1982] 3 All ER 141, 353Coco v A N Clark (Engineers) Ltd [1969] RPC 41, 208Coleen Properties Ltd v Minister of Housing and Local Government [1971] 1
WLR 433, 568Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service [1985] AC 374, 394, 396,
430, 465Dimes v Proprietors of the Grand Junction Canal (1852) 3 HLC 759, 499Dr Bonham’s Case (1610) 8 Co Rep 113b, 500Entick v Carrington (1765) 2 Wils KB 275; 95 ER 807, 87, 512
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Gilbertson v South Australia [1978] AC 772, 35Gouriet v Union of Post Office Workers [1978] AC 435, 44Hodge v R (1883) 9 App Cas 117, 117Inland Revenue Commissioners v Rossminster Ltd [1980] AC 952, 533Kruse v Johnson [1898] 2 QB 91, 578Liversidge v Anderson [1942] AC 206, 532–4M v Home Office [1994] 1 AC 377, 92Mixnam’s Properties Ltd v Chersey Union District Council [1964] 1 QB 214, 144Municipal Council of Sydney v Campbell [1925] AC 338, 553Nakkuda Ali v Jayaratne [1951] AC 66, 533Padfield v Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food [1968] AC 997, 554Powell v Apollo Candle Co (1885) 10 App Cas 282, 117R v Bow Street Magistrate; Ex parte Pinochet (No 2) [2000] 1 AC 119, 503R v Burah (1878) 3 App Case 889, 117R v Legal Aid Board; Ex parte Dom & Co (a firm) [1996] 3 All ER 1, 99R v Legislative Committee of the Church Assembly; Ex parte Haynes-Smith [1928] 1
KB 411, 462R v Leman Street Police Station Inspector and Secretary of State for Home Affairs; Ex
parte Venicoff [1920] 3 KB 72, 462R v Northumberland Compensation Appeal Tribunal; Ex parte Shaw [1952] 1
KB 338, 365R v Panel on Takeovers and Mergers; Ex parte Datafin Plc [1987] 1 QB 815, 57, 61, 99R v Thames Magistrates’ Court; Ex parte Polemis [1974] 1 WLR 1371, 485Ridge v Baldwin [1964] AC 40, 3, 462Rooke’s Case (1598) 5 Co. Rep. 99 b, 360Russell v Duke of Norfolk [1949] 1 All ER 109, 482Schmidt v Secretary of State for Home Affairs [1969] 2 Ch 149, 470Town Investments Ltd v Department of Environment [1978] AC 359, 34, 92Vestry of St James and St John, Clerkenwell v Feary (1890) 24 QBD 703, 476, 485White v Redfern (1879) 5 QBD 15, 476
United States of AmericaSpringer v Government of the Philippine Islands 277 US 189 (1928), 117Whitman v American Trucking Associations Inc 531 US 457 (2001), 117
xxx Table of cases
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