Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
GOTHIC
Introduction
12th century: origin 13th century: developed 14th century until mid 15th century: international Second half of the 15th century: flamboyant
Romanesque “Roman-like” Rounded arches Barrel Vaults Thick Walls
Architecture
Gothic Pointed arches Ribbed Vaults Large windows
Often stained glass Flying Buttresses
Examples Chartres Cathedral Notre Dame
Architecture
pointed arch
Architectural elements
rib vault
flying buttress
Slideshow
Gothic architecture
Pointed arch
pillar
Examples
pointed arch
Architectural elements
rib vault
Slideshow
Gothic architecture
Pillar
flying buttress
pillar
Examples
pointed arch
Architectural elements
rib vault
pillar
Slideshow
Gothic architecture
Flying buttress
flying buttress
Examples
Introduction
Gothic Art is the expression of the new city life
It is going to have two different areas:
Religious Civilian
STONEWORK
BEAUVAIS CATHEDRAL, FRANCE
Cathedral
The cathedral has three levels: low, gallery and clerestory
The walls are open, allowing a lot of light into the church,
Windows can be open because there are new supports that are not glued to the wall.
Gothic architecture
Interior of Reims Cathedral, France
pointed arch
Architectural elements
rib vault
flying buttress
pillar
Next slide
Examples
5 / 11
FLYING BUTTRESS
REIMS CATHEDRALpointed arch
pointed arch
Architectural elements
rib vault
flying buttress
pillar
Gothic architecture
Reims Cathedral, FranceNext slide
Examples
GROIN VAULTGROIN VAULT
Cathedral
Façade Lateral façade
Apse
Ambulatory
Radial chapels
CrossingTranseptSpires
Rose window
Flying butresses
Nave
Clerestory Tribune
Gargoiles
Nave
Radiating Chapels
Aisles
Crossing
Choir
Rib vaulting
Ambulatory
Transepts
Transverse vaulting
Gothic architecture
Chartres Cathedral, France
pointed arch
Architectural elements
rib vault
Next slide
steeple
pinnacles
The rose window and stained glass windows
allow light to enter..
The central tympanum on the main facade is highly decorated.
main facade
flying buttresses
side door
flying buttress
pillar
Examples
St. Etienne, Bourges, late 12c
“Flying” Buttresses
Lincoln Cathedral
GOTHIC TOWER, BRUSSELS
GARGOYLE
Modern gargoyle – Chrysler Building New York
CONCENTRIC CASTLEBEAUMARIS
COBURG - LARGEST
ST. DENIS – THE FIRST GOTHIC
French Gothic• The distinctive characteristic of French
cathedrals, and those in Germany and Belgium that were strongly influenced by them, is their height and their impression of verticality.
• They are compact, with slight or no projection of the transepts and subsidiary chapels.
• The west fronts have three portals surmounted by a rose window, and two large towers.
• The east end is polygonal with ambulatory and sometimes a chevette of radiating chapels.
• In the south of France, many of the major churches are without transepts and some are without aisles
NOTRE DAME PARIS
CHATRES CATHEDRAL
CHARTRES – ROSE WINDOW
Chartres CathedralPlan for all Rose Windows
Gothic architecture
Siena Cathedral, Italy
pointed arch
Architectural elements
rib vault
flying buttress
pillar
Next slide
Examples
Gothic architecture
Interior of León Cathedral
pointed arch
Architectural elements
rib vault
flying buttress
pillar
Next slide
Examples
Gothic architecture
Seville Cathedral
pointed arch
Architectural elements
rib vault
flying buttress
pillar
Next slide
Examples
Gothic architecture
Toledo Cathedral
pointed arch
Architectural elements
rib vault
flying buttress
pillar
Next slide
Examples
Gothic architecture
Burgos Cathedral
pointed arch
Architectural elements
rib vault
flying buttress
pillar
Next slide
Examples
Interior of a Gothic Cathedral
COLOGNE CATHEDRRAL
SAINTE CHAPELLE
SAINTE CHAPELLE
BEAUVAIS CATHEDRAL
BEAUVAIS CATHEDRAL
Back to start
Gothic sculpture
Gargoyles on the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris
Cathedral Gargoyles
St. Sernin 1010, St. Etienne1067, Chartres 1194(E. Romanesque) (L. Romanesque)
British Gothic• The distinctive characteristic of English
cathedrals is their extreme length and their internal emphasis upon the horizontal.
• It is not unusual for every part of the building to have been built in a different century and in a different style, with no attempt at creating a stylistic unity.
• English cathedrals sprawl across their sites, with double transepts projecting strongly and Lady Chapels tacked on at a later date.
• In the west front the doors are not significant • The West window is very large and never a rose,
which are reserved for the transept gables. • The west front may have two towers or none. • There is nearly always a tower at the crossing and
it may be very large and surmounted by a spire. • The distinctive English east end is square.
Italian Gothic• It uses polychrome decoration, both externally as
marble veneer on the brick facade and also internally where the arches are often made of alternating black and white segments.
• The plan is usually regular and symmetrical and have few and widely spaced columns.
• The proportions are generally mathematically simple, based on the square, the arches are almost always equilateral.
• It may include mosaics in the lunettes over the doors.
• The facades have projecting open porches and occular or wheel windows rather than roses, and do not usually have a tower.
• The crossing is usually surmounted by a dome.• There is often a free-standing tower and baptistry.• The windows are not as large as in northern
Europe and, although stained glass windows are used, the decoration is fresco or mosaic.
Orvieto, 1310; Miniato al Monte1062; Pisa cathedral 1063
German Gothic• It is characterised by huge towers and
spires.• The west front generally follows the
French formula, but the towers are taller, and if complete, are surmounted by enormous openwork spires.
• The eastern end follows the French form.
• The distinctive character of the interior of German Gothic cathedrals is their breadth and openness.
• Cathedrals tend not to have strongly projecting transepts.
• There are also many hallenkirke without clerestorey windows.
Spanish Gothic• Spanish Gothic cathedrals are of spacial
complexity.• They are comparatively short and wide, and
are often completely surrounded by chapels. • Spanish Cathedrals are stylistically diverse. • Influences on both decoration and form are
Islamic architecture, and towards the end of the period, Renaissance details combined with the Gothic in a distinctive manner.
• The West front resembles a French west front,
• There are spires of German style. • Few pinnacles. • There are often towers and domes of a great
variety of shapes and structural invention rising above the roof.
DUOMO MILAN
Gothic “Filigree” Closeups
Fan Vault
GUNPOWDER PROOF?
BATTERING RAM
BOW
castles
VLAD’S CASTLE
HIMEJI CASTLE JAPAN
HLUBOKA - CHATEAU - CZECH REPUBLIC
CHINON
Neuwanstein castle
Civilian Architecture
Town halls were the residence of the city’s government
There are two kind of models: Northern (Netherlands) : very decorated, with ogee and
lancet arches Southern (Italian): closer, sometimes as a fortress
Leuven
Siena
Civilian Architecture
Palaces were the residences of the nobility They lose their defensive character
81Figure 18-27 Hall of the cloth guild, Bruges, Netherlands, begun
1230. Figure 18-28 House of Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France, 1443–1451.
Guild Hall – New Class of Wealthy Merchants - French
Civilian Architecture
Its development is consequence of trade renaissance development of cities government
Main buildings are Palaces Town halls Markets
Civilian Architecture
Markets were the places for keeping the products and to sell them
They have big rooms with this purpose
The spaces are clear, with high and stylised columns
Urban culture
Town hall, Siena, Italy
Urban culture
The Lonja, Valencia
The birth of universities
University of Cambridge
