Good Morning/AfternoonGood Morning/Afternoon

10-1-0910-1-09 Warm-upWarm-up What is a revolution? Describe the What is a revolution? Describe the

various ways revolutions can begin. various ways revolutions can begin. List as many revolutions that come List as many revolutions that come to mind.to mind.

The Development The Development of Democracy In of Democracy In

EnglandEngland(Prologue: Section 3: P. (Prologue: Section 3: P. 17-21)17-21)

King Henry IIKing Henry II

King of England (r. 1154-King of England (r. 1154-1189)1189)

Gifted king, considered one Gifted king, considered one of the great statesmen of of the great statesmen of the 12th centurythe 12th century

Jury TrialJury Trial

One of One of King Henry II’sKing Henry II’s (1154-1189)) greatest greatest achievements achievements

A judge would seek the A judge would seek the counsel of 12 male citizens counsel of 12 male citizens of the area before deciding of the area before deciding guilt or innocenceguilt or innocence

Common LawCommon Law

Over time England developed Over time England developed “Common Law”“Common Law” legal system: it legal system: it was common to all of England, was common to all of England, not just particular areas not just particular areas

These were established laws, These were established laws, procedures, and legal codes that procedures, and legal codes that came to be universally accepted came to be universally accepted (not just up to a king or lord to (not just up to a king or lord to decide rules and laws)decide rules and laws)

Magna Carta (1215)Magna Carta (1215)

Magna Carta 1215 Magna Carta 1215 (Con’t)(Con’t)

King King John IJohn I fought costly unsuccessful fought costly unsuccessful wars with Francewars with France

These wars led to raised taxes in EnglandThese wars led to raised taxes in England Angry English nobles rebelled and forced Angry English nobles rebelled and forced

John to recognize their political and civil John to recognize their political and civil rightsrights

Magna Carta 1215 Magna Carta 1215 (Con’t)(Con’t)

They wrote these demands down They wrote these demands down and called it the and called it the Magna CartaMagna Carta (“Great Charter” in Latin)(“Great Charter” in Latin)

Magna Carta to Bill of Rights Comic Strip75 Points

Good Morning/AfternoonGood Morning/Afternoon

10-2-0910-2-09 Warm-upWarm-up Name 2 of King Henry II’s achievements Name 2 of King Henry II’s achievements

while he was King of England.while he was King of England. In the 13In the 13thth century 80 to 90 percent of century 80 to 90 percent of

people could not read or write. How people could not read or write. How could you get important information to could you get important information to your people without going out to speak your people without going out to speak at every town? at every town?

Magna Carta 1215 (Con’t)Magna Carta 1215 (Con’t) Guaranteed that English monarchs Guaranteed that English monarchs

could not rule any way they wantedcould not rule any way they wanted Guaranteed that English subjects Guaranteed that English subjects

(people) had (people) had rights under the lawrights under the law LimitedLimited the power of the king over all the power of the king over all

of his subjects of his subjects

Guaranteed that the law had to operate Guaranteed that the law had to operate in an orderly way that everyone knew in an orderly way that everyone knew about (called “about (called “Due Process”)”)

Guaranteed that the English king could Guaranteed that the English king could not not

rule any way he wanted rule any way he wanted Was a contract between the English Was a contract between the English

King and his subjectsKing and his subjects

ParliamentParliament England’s national legislature (elected law makers England’s national legislature (elected law makers

who discuss, and vote on potential laws; work with who discuss, and vote on potential laws; work with the king)the king)

Parliament (Con’t)Parliament (Con’t)

1295 1295 King Edward IKing Edward I (John’s grandson) (John’s grandson) wanted to raise taxes for another war with wanted to raise taxes for another war with FranceFrance he called together rich nobles and lesser he called together rich nobles and lesser

town leaders to discuss ways to pay for the town leaders to discuss ways to pay for the warwar

This meeting called This meeting called Model ParliamentModel Parliament Parliament limited the monarch’s power Parliament limited the monarch’s power

and gave English and gave English male male citizens some way to citizens some way to have representation in government have representation in government

By the mid 1300’s England’s By the mid 1300’s England’s Parliament divided into two Parliament divided into two

houses:houses:House of LordsHouse of Lords

more powerful group in more powerful group in ParliamentParliament

made of rich nobles and made of rich nobles and bishopsbishops

House of CommonsHouse of Commons less powerful groupless powerful group made up of local town made up of local town

leaders and less leaders and less wealthy prominent wealthy prominent

citizenscitizens

Complete question #4 on page 21. Complete question #4 on page 21. Write a ¾ page letter to King John. Write a ¾ page letter to King John.

In the letter you need to argue for or In the letter you need to argue for or against accepting the against accepting the Magna CartaMagna Carta. . Tell the king the advantages and Tell the king the advantages and disadvantages of agreeing to the disadvantages of agreeing to the demands of the nobles.demands of the nobles.

Divine RightDivine Right

Divine RightDivine Right

1600’S European kings claimed that God had 1600’S European kings claimed that God had chosen them to rule with absolute power over chosen them to rule with absolute power over their subjects their subjects

● ● These kings argued they were responsible to These kings argued they were responsible to God alone, and did not have to answer to the God alone, and did not have to answer to the people people

King James I (1566-King James I (1566-1625)1625)

King James I (con’t)King James I (con’t)

From Scotland:From Scotland:●●became king of became king of

England England ● ● James I did not James I did not

know much about know much about England’s laws, England’s laws, procedures, and procedures, and customs: He customs: He clashed with clashed with Parliament a lot!Parliament a lot!

3 Conflicts of James’ I Reign

CHURCH COURTS MONEY

King James’ I King James’ I 3 Conflicts3 Conflicts

1. Church1. Church

Puritans were trying Puritans were trying to change Church to change Church of England, to of England, to make it less like make it less like Catholic ChurchCatholic Church As King, James As King, James

was leader of was leader of Church of Church of England and did England and did not want his not want his religious power religious power limitedlimited

2. MONEY2. MONEY

James wanted more James wanted more moneymoney

Queen Queen Elizabeth left Elizabeth left James a large James a large debtdebt

James wanted James wanted more money more money for himself and for himself and to wage warto wage war

Parliament Parliament refused to refused to raise taxesraise taxes

James James ignored ignored Parliament Parliament and tried to and tried to raise taxes raise taxes any wayany way

3. COURTS

James used his James used his own personal own personal courts and judges courts and judges to administer to administer justicejustice

He ignored He ignored Common Common LawLaw and and Due Due ProcessProcess

Good Morning/AfternoonGood Morning/Afternoon

9-23-08

Warm-upWhat’s Up Wednesday

King Charles I (r. 1625-King Charles I (r. 1625-1649)1649)

King Charles I (con’t)King Charles I (con’t)

Charles became King 1625 when his father James I Charles became King 1625 when his father James I dieddied

● ● Charles asked Parliament for money in 1628Charles asked Parliament for money in 1628

● ● In exchange for the money, Parliament demanded that In exchange for the money, Parliament demanded that King Charles accept the King Charles accept the Petition of Right:Petition of Right:

Good Morning/AfternoonGood Morning/Afternoon

9-24-089-24-08 Warm-upWarm-up What’s Up WednesdayWhat’s Up Wednesday

Petition of RightPetition of Right Demanded King put an end Demanded King put an end

to taxing with out to taxing with out Parliament’s permissionParliament’s permission

Demanded King put an end Demanded King put an end to imprisoning citizens to imprisoning citizens illegally illegally

Demanded King put an Demanded King put an end to housing troops end to housing troops in citizens’ homesin citizens’ homes

King Charles’ I Big Mistakes!!King Charles’ I Big Mistakes!! King Charles I signed the document to get the King Charles I signed the document to get the

money, but later ignored the promises money, but later ignored the promises 1629 King Charles dismissed Parliament1629 King Charles dismissed Parliament 1640 Scots invade England, Charles forced to recall 1640 Scots invade England, Charles forced to recall

Parliament to get money to defend the countryParliament to get money to defend the country

English Civil War 1642English Civil War 1642 Royalists Royalists

(supported English (supported English Monarchy) Monarchy)

Anti-Royalists Anti-Royalists (supported (supported English English Parliament)Parliament)

Anti-Royalists won: They were led by Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell

(King Charles I was (King Charles I was Beheaded in 1649)Beheaded in 1649)

Commonwealth of EnglandCommonwealth of England● ● Established Established

under Oliver under Oliver Cromwell Cromwell

Cromwell ruled Cromwell ruled England as a England as a dictatordictator

He wanted to set up religious, He wanted to set up religious, social, and economic reformssocial, and economic reforms

He urged Parliament to put his He urged Parliament to put his reforms in placereforms in place

Parliament resistedParliament resisted 1653 Cromwell 1653 Cromwell

dissolved Parliament dissolved Parliament

● ● Cromwell created a new Cromwell created a new government called government called The The

ProtectorateProtectorate: : He named He named himself himself Lord ProtectorLord Protector (he (he became military dictator of became military dictator of England) He dies 1658: England) He dies 1658: everyone happy!everyone happy!

The RestorationThe Restoration1659 Cromwell’s son Richard took over as 1659 Cromwell’s son Richard took over as

LordLord ProtectorProtector

1660 he agreed to step down

He continued to be unpopular

1660 A new Parliament then decided to restore the monarchy (have a king again)

The Restoration (con’t)The Restoration (con’t)● ● Parliament invited Parliament invited Charles StuartCharles Stuart

(son of King Charles I) to come from France to come from France

and becomeand become England’s king (England’s king (King Charles II r. King Charles II r.

1660-16851660-1685))

● ● This is This is The RestorationThe Restoration

● ● Under Under King Charles IIKing Charles II Parliament Parliament kept the powers itkept the powers it

gained the previous 2 decadesgained the previous 2 decades

Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus1679 Parliament passes

Habeas Corpus Amendment Act

Requires authorities to have person in custody before charging them with a crime

Requires authorities to inform accused of what they are being charged with

Court then decides if there is a reason to keep the person in custody

Supposed to prevent authorities for arresting/holding people for no reason

Habeas Corpus is mentioned in U.S. Constitution (idea from England)

Good Morning/AfternoonGood Morning/Afternoon

9-25-089-25-08 Warm-upWarm-up Homework CheckHomework Check 1. Letter to the King/Magna Carta1. Letter to the King/Magna Carta 2. Pg. 9, 2-42. Pg. 9, 2-4 3. Pg. 16, 1-43. Pg. 16, 1-4

Glorious Revolution 1689Glorious Revolution 1689● ● Charles IICharles II dies 1685 dies 1685

● ● his brother his brother King JamesKing James II II takes over as king takes over as king (Catholic, believed in Divine Right) (Catholic, believed in Divine Right)

● ● The people wanted James’ daughter Mary to take The people wanted James’ daughter Mary to take over when he diedover when he died

because she was Protestant (Christian, but not because she was Protestant (Christian, but not Catholic)Catholic)

●●1689 Parliament withdraws support for 1689 Parliament withdraws support for King King James IIJames II and offers the throne to James’ and offers the throne to James’ Protestant daughter Protestant daughter MaryMary(“You’re Fired!!!) (“You’re Fired!!!)

Glorious Revolution 1689 (con’t)Glorious Revolution 1689 (con’t)

● ● 1689 Parliament crowns 1689 Parliament crowns William and William and MaryMary co-rulers of England co-rulers of England

● ● Turning point in England’s history: Turning point in England’s history:

● ● Proves that power is now in Proves that power is now in

the hands of Parliament, the hands of Parliament,

not the king!not the king!

Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy● ● England was now a England was now a Constitutional Constitutional

MonarchyMonarchy: a kingdom with a: a kingdom with a

constitution to check the powers of the constitution to check the powers of the king and protect the rights ofking and protect the rights of

the citizensthe citizens

● ● Powers of the ruler are restricted by a Powers of the ruler are restricted by a constitution and the laws of the countryconstitution and the laws of the country

● ● Parliament could impose its will on the Parliament could impose its will on the monarchsmonarchs

English Bill of Rights 1689English Bill of Rights 1689 limited the power limited the power

of the monarch of the monarch protected free protected free

speech in speech in Parliament Parliament

●Monarch could not raise an army during

peacetime without Parliament’s permission

●Cruel and unusual punishment were forbidden

English Bill of Rights 1689English Bill of Rights 1689

Bill of Rights:Bill of Rights:

a list of freedoms and rights a list of freedoms and rights that allthat all

English citizens were English citizens were guaranteed to haveguaranteed to have

no matter who the leader wasno matter who the leader was

protected free protected free speech in speech in Parliament Parliament

Monarch forbidden Monarch forbidden from taxing with from taxing with out Parliament’s out Parliament’s permissionpermission

Monarch could not raise an army during

peacetime without Parliament’s permission

England’s LegacyEngland’s Legacy

The rule of law

Individual freedoms (liberties)

A Constitutional Monarchy

Parliamentary government

Protection under the law

English citizens were guaranteed c

ConclusionConclusion

This process began with the Magna This process began with the Magna Carta (1215) and was fully in place with Carta (1215) and was fully in place with the Bill of Rights (1689)the Bill of Rights (1689)

Bill of Rights set an example for Bill of Rights set an example for American colonies when they decided to American colonies when they decided to rebel almost 100 years later rebel almost 100 years later

Primary Source, from Primary Source, from The PrinceThe Prince

by Niccolo Machiavelliby Niccolo Machiavelli