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This veterinarian-presented slide show demonstrates biomedical research using research animals benefits humans and other animals as well. In answering the animal "rights" oriented question of the ethics of doing research in living creatures, it instead makes the case that not doing the research is the true unethical position as advancements never made help no creature. Turning away from animals as vessels of biologic understanding is a turn away from enlightenment. Veterinarians who care for patients should understand that without animal-based research there can be no treatments and suffering writ large remains more widespread.
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Biomedical Research: Its About Saving Lives
Arnold L. Goldman DVM, MSCanton Animal Hospital
Americans For Medical Progress
Presented at Wheeler High SchoolNorth Stonington, CT
April 8, 2010
How many have ever been sick?
How many have ever taken medicine?
How many have ever had a vaccine?
How many use an asthma inhaler?
How many know someone who has had cancer?
How many know someone who has had surgery?
HenryMelanoma
MiltonLeukemia
IrvingLung Cancer
LillianHypertension
TillieCHF
HelenStroke
EvieMI
Nat Pancreatic Cancer
Medical Research Improves The Human Condition
A Compassionate Society Seeks to Help Its Members
We Want To Help All Our Family Members
ARNIE ?
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CLAIRE ?????
HAP ?????
BELLE ?????
CHIEF ?????
•Populations verses Individuals
•Animal lives verses Human lives
•Realism verses Idealism
Reflect On…
Demonstrated Benefits of Research
• Asthma Inhalers• Guinea Pigs and Rabbits
• Blood Transfusions• Dogs
• Breast Cancer Treatments• Mice, Rats and Dogs
• Insulin for diabetics• Dogs
• Kidney Transplants• Dogs and Pigs
• Polio Vaccine• Mice
• Meningitis Vaccine• Mice
• Penicillin• Mice
• Brain Stimulation in Parkinsonism• Monkeys
• Tuberculosis Medicine• Guinea pigs
50 Further Benefits…
• Vaccine for Smallpox• Vaccine for Anthrax• Rabies Vaccine• Typhoid Vaccine• Cholera Vaccine• Treatment for Beriberi• Treatment for Rickets• Corneal Transplants• Local Anesthetics• Discovery of Vitamin C• Canine Distemper Vaccine• Coronary Bypass Operation• German Measles Vaccine• MMR Vaccine• Antidepressants and Antipsychotic• CT Scanning for Improved Diagnosis• Chemotherapy for Leukemia• Medicines to Treat Ulcers• Inhaled Asthma Medication• Combined Therapy for HIV infection• Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes• Cervical Caner Antibodies• Bird Flu Vaccine• Malaria Vaccine
• Modern Anesthetics• Tetanus Vaccine• Diphtheria Vaccine• Anticoagulants• Streptomycin• Kidney Dialysis• Whooping cough Vaccine• Heart Lung Machine• Hip replacements• Cardiac Pacemakers• High Blood Pressure Medicines• Replacements of Heart Valves• Chlorpromazine Psychiatric Medicine• MRI Scanning for improved Diagnosis• Prenatal Corticosteroids for Premature Babies• Treatment for River Blindness• Life Support for Premature Babies• Medicines to control Transplant Rejection• Hepatitis B Vaccine• Leprosy Treatment• Oral and Inhaled Insulin for Type 1 Diabetes• Angiogenesis Inhibitors for Cancer and Blindness• Gene Therapy for Muscular Dystrophy• Alzheimer’s Vaccine
Veterinary Vaccines
Vaccines to protect pets, farm animals, working animals and wildlife
Number of People Who Benefit Annually
450,000 Growth Hormone1
520,000 Coronary Bypass2
1,500,000 Erythropoietin3
34,000,000 Anticoagulants4
95,000,000 Asthma Medications5
150,000,000 Antibiotics6
1. Source: IMS Health, IMS National Prescription Audit TM, 2/20082. Source: IMS Health, ClinicalPlus3. Source: IMS Health, IMS National Sales Perspectives TM, 2/20084. Source: IMS Health, IMS National Prescription Audit TM, 2/20085. Source: IMS Health, IMS National Prescription Audit TM, 2/20086. US Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Decreasing Animals Used
Numbers in Perspective
Questions of Pain…
Anesthesia or analgesia affects results as in testing pain relief drugs
Duke: An Example
Duke at GeorgetownCanine Oral Papillomavirus (COPV)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Human Papillomavirus VaccineDuke, adopted by veterinarian
“3 Rs”: Research Design Paradigm
•Refine
•Reduce
•Replace
Refine
• Better living conditions for animals
• Minimizing discomfort wherever possible
• Better training for animal caregivers
Reduce
• Fewest animals for statistical significance
• Plan multiple procedures on each animal
• Improve experimental design to allow fewer subjects & avoid repeats
Replace
• In Vitro Testing
• Computer Modelling
• MRI Scanning
• Micro dosing
A Word About Alternatives To Animals…
IBM’s Blue Gen / L “Super” Computer
SummaryAnimal Research is:
- Crucial to medical progress
- Irreplaceable
- Strictly regulated (3Rs)
JAKE: A PERSONAL EXAMPLE…
Canine Melanoma
20% All Skin Cancers
>50% Malignant at Digit
Distant Metastasis
Untreated Survival 3 - 6 Mos
Human Melanoma
Most Common Skin Cancer Young Adults, 25-29
75% Skin Cancer Deaths
Distant Metastasis
Untreated Survival 6 Mos
Melanoma: Cancer of Pigment Producing Cells
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Canine Digital Melanoma Metastasized to Lymph Node
Lymph Node Heart Lungs
9/26/2000
1 Year Response To Xenogeneic Tyrosinase Vaccine
9/2001
4 1/2 Year Response To Xenogeneic Tyrosinase Vaccine
2/2005
New Scientific Knowledge About Melanoma Communicated In Peer Reviewed Medical Literature: April, 2003
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QuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.Canine Vaccine Commercially Available 3/26/2007
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•Success In Canine Patients Led to FDA “Fast Track” Clinical Trials In People
•Research in Any Species May Reveal Knowledge Benefiting Any Other
•The “One-Health” Paradigm is the Key Concept in Health Research Today
•Explores Interrelationships Between People, Animals & the Environment
Research is About Preserving the Lives of People, Animals, and the Bond Between Us!
Jake’s Story
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Scientists: Real Heroes
Jedd D. Wolchok, MD, PhD
Dr. Wolchok is a medical oncologist who specializes in the treatment of melanoma. He is interested in finding new and improved ways to prevent melanoma from recurring after surgery, as well as more effective treatments for the disease when it does recur. His research is focused on the development of innovative ways to use the immune system to treat cancer.
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Philip Bergman, DVM, PhD
Dr. Bergman is one of the nation's leading veterinary oncologists and earned a PhD in human cancer biology from the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. In collaboration with Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center he developed a canine melanoma vaccine, the first U.S. government-approved vaccine of any kind for the treatment of cancer.
Uncle HenryMelanoma
DadLeukemia
Uncle IrvingLung Cancer
MomHypertension
Grandma TillieCHF
Aunt HelenStroke
Aunt EvieMI
Uncle NatPancreatic Cancer
Medical Advancement Is Not A Hypothetical Imperative!
Real People, Real Diseases. It’s About Our Loved Ones.
Be Informed About the Benefits of Medical Science!
Better Still, Choose it as Your College Major.
Be the Next Real Hero.
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Don’t Blindly Follow An Opinion Herd
For More Information:
Americans For Medical Progresswww.amprogress.org
American Physiological Societywww.animalresearchcures.org
Dr. Arnold L. Goldman [email protected]
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