“Going to the Cross”

Trevor Holloway and Curtis Sparks

THE 1ST - 3RD CRUSADES

THE PURPOSE OF THE CRUSADES

• Capture the Holy Land from the Muslims– Specifically Jerusalem

– Wanted it for the Catholic Church• Site of Christ’s Crucifixion, Burial, and Resurrection

• Where the Temple had been

– It was a holy place for Jews, Muslims, and Christians

POPE URBAN II•Responded to Alexius I’s call for help against the Turks– Used this as an opportunity and challenged Christians to fight for the Holy Land

•Saw the Muslims as a curse •Sent out Crusades – Told them all who died would be cleansed from all their sins

THE FIRST CRUSADE (1096-1099)• “The People’s Crusade”

• Popular preachers aroused the people to fight

• Told the people, “God Wills It!”

• Men, Women, Children, Nobles, and Peasants all went

• Lead by Peter the Hermit

• Very Unorganized

• Many died of hunger, thirst, and exposure

PETER THE HERMIT• Also known as Peter of Amiens – where he was born

• Poor, old man who lived in poverty

• Lied and told people he had told the pope to create the Crusade

• Became a leader of the Crusaders

• Raised 15,000 followers for his army

• Left for the Holy Land before the Knights arrived

• Lieutenant was Walter the Penniless

WALTER’S PROBLEMS• Hard to control his army

• Semlin

• 16 of Walter’s men broke the law

• Lost everything and sent away

• Crusaders got hostile

• Attacked townsfolk over a pair of shoes

• Killed hundreds of Hungarians

• Crossed the Sava River and fled

• Pillaged for food

PETER’S PROBLEMS• Had 20,000 Men upon reaching Hungary

• Stole lumber from townspeople to build rafts and cross Sava

• People fled to the mountains

• Looted for supplies as well

• Men burned mill over a quarrel with townspeople

• Taken hostage

• Peter went to negotiate a ransom

• Other men went and attacked the town out of fear

• Many were killed, others were taken slaves for life

• Took 500 men and fled into mountains

• Believed they were the only survivors

• Other ¾ of men found them and escorted them to Constantinople

OTHER ARMIES OF THE 1ST CRUSADE• 700,000 men, 100,000 of which were Knights

• Sieged Antioch, a Muslim city

• Took a year

• Lost about ¾ of the men

• Finally reached Jerusalem

• Extremely excited upon arrival

• Massacred for 7 days

Leaders of the first crusade

• Bohemond

Fought in Byzantine wars

Joined crusade for personal gain

• Tancred

Bohemond's nephew

• Baldwin

Supposed to work in church, gave up

Sold his possessions to join the crusade

Leaders cont.

• Hugh

Count

Failure at fighting

Godfrey

Hugh's brother

Knight

Had experience in battle

Robert II

Count

Stephen II

Count

Went home during the seige of Antioch

SECOND CRUSADE• Led by French and German king

• Started when the Muslims attacked Crusader state Edessa

• Major failure of a crusade

• Decided to attack Damascus

• Less skilled

• Walked into many traps where they were slaughtered

• Wiped out

• One army was wiped out before they arrived at Damascus

• One success

• Many countries joined forces and took Lisbon

THE THIRD CRUSADE (1187-1192)• Meant to reclaim lands gained by the First Crusade

• Led by Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany, Phillip II Augustus of France, and Richard I of England

• Frederick

• Marched across Germany

• Best organized leader

• Drowned

• German force fell apart

• Only 1,000 of 30,000 made it to lay siege on a town called Acre

THE THIRD CRUSADE (CONT.)

• Phillip

• Travelled by sea strait to Acre

• Took control 4 days after arrival, ending the 2 year siege

• Went and attacked the farmlands of Richard

• Broke the code saying Crusader’s didn’t attack each other’s land

• Returned home to France

THE THIRD CRUSADE (CONT.)• Richard

• Stopped to conquer Cyprus while the siege of Acre was going on

• Took control of the Crusade after Phillip went home

• 50,000 men

• Very organized army

• Marched down the coast, denying Muslims any chance of attacking them

• Marched on Jerusalem in 1192

• Muslims cut off supplies, so the siege was ended

• Richard made a treaty allowing the Christians special rights in Jerusalem

• Richard came out as a great general and a heroic knight

SALADIN• Muslim leader during the 3rd Crusade

• Sultan of Egypt

• Military Genius

• Captured almost all the land taken by the First 2 Crusades

• Protected Jerusalem against the 3rd Crusade

• Signed treaty with Richard

BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp://books.google.com/books?id=_fL3jwjhyQ4C&pg=PA661&lpg=PA661&dq=what+was+the+purpose+of+the+crusades+-.org+-.com+-.net&source=bl&ots=bVn6f99abD&sig=Lv3Ko1Y-AkK1OUvBSM_JKUu8h0U&hl=en&ei=05XKTvOrEsm0sQLFgf03&sa=X&oi=book

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab54

http://www.historynet.com/first-crusade-peoples-crusade.htm

http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-first-crusade.htm http://royceferguson.blogspot.com/2011/02/walter-penniless-and-peter-hermit.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_crusade#Princes.27_Crusade

http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_crusade3rd.html

http://www.historynet.com/third-crusade-siege-of-acre.htm

Bibliography (cont)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Urban_II

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_I,_Count_of_Vermandois

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_II,_Count_of_Blois

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II,_Count_of_Flanders

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_the_Hermit

http://byzantineee.blogspot.com/2010/10/first-crusade-by-steven-runciman.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Crusade

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_the_lionheart