GOALGOAL

PREVENTION OF CHILDHOODPREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD LEAD POISONING LEAD POISONING MEET 2010 GOAL IN TARGET MEET 2010 GOAL IN TARGET

CITIESCITIES

Hot Spots GoalsHot Spots Goals

Highlight EPA New England’s integrated Highlight EPA New England’s integrated cross-office efforts to identify Lead cross-office efforts to identify Lead Hot Hot Spots Spots or remaining vulnerable or remaining vulnerable populations at risk.populations at risk.

Highlight public and private partnerships Highlight public and private partnerships toward progress in targeted areas.toward progress in targeted areas.

Discuss challenges, lessons learned and Discuss challenges, lessons learned and future projected needs for scaling-up the future projected needs for scaling-up the pilot to replicate successes.pilot to replicate successes.

OverviewOverview

Regional and community-based tools and Regional and community-based tools and techniques for identifying lead poisoning techniques for identifying lead poisoning geographic geographic Hot SpotsHot Spots and measurable and measurable resultsresults

Coordination and integration across Coordination and integration across Regional Lead ProgramsRegional Lead Programs

Progress to date in identifying remaining Progress to date in identifying remaining vulnerable populations at risk and making vulnerable populations at risk and making measurable reductions in elevated blood measurable reductions in elevated blood lead levels.lead levels.

ConclusionConclusion

Big PictureBig Picture

Lead contamination levels are not evenly distributed across the US – nor are Lead contamination levels are not evenly distributed across the US – nor are exposure patterns. Specific sub-populations in specific areas remain at higher exposure patterns. Specific sub-populations in specific areas remain at higher risks of higher exposures and greater adverse effects. Many of these elevated risks of higher exposures and greater adverse effects. Many of these elevated risks can be graphed and mapped.risks can be graphed and mapped.

Lead exposures occur in every environmental medium: air; soil; ground, Lead exposures occur in every environmental medium: air; soil; ground, surface and drinking waters; indoor and outdoor. A surface and drinking waters; indoor and outdoor. A comprehensivecomprehensive lead program lead program requires:requires:

* * KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE of the myriad of lead exposure sources, including local, of the myriad of lead exposure sources, including local, regional and national sourcesregional and national sources

* * TOOLSTOOLS, including both carrots and sticks, including both carrots and sticks * * COORDINATIONCOORDINATION among local, state, tribal and federal governmental among local, state, tribal and federal governmental

agenciesagencies * * PARTNERSHIPSPARTNERSHIPS between the public, private & non-govt’al sectors between the public, private & non-govt’al sectors * * COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION and and COLLABORATION COLLABORATION across government across government

programsprograms * * DATADATA on population distribution patterns and blood lead levels on population distribution patterns and blood lead levels

throughout throughout the region, including maps, to identify HOT SPOTSthe region, including maps, to identify HOT SPOTS * * OUTREACHOUTREACH to the regulated community and the public to the regulated community and the public

to to IDENTIFY HOT SPOTSIDENTIFY HOT SPOTS of risk, hazards, and vulnerability. of risk, hazards, and vulnerability.

Geographic Hot SpotsGeographic Hot Spots

There are areas that suffer There are areas that suffer disproportionately in terms of lead disproportionately in terms of lead poisoning rates – both quantity poisoning rates – both quantity and severity of cases.and severity of cases.

Areas that have highest and most Areas that have highest and most severe lead poisoning rates are severe lead poisoning rates are geographic geographic “Hot Spots”“Hot Spots” that have that have not been adequately serviced by not been adequately serviced by traditional lead poisoning traditional lead poisoning prevention techniques and remain prevention techniques and remain a serious problem.a serious problem.

It is critical to move beyond broad-It is critical to move beyond broad-scale national and state-wide scale national and state-wide efforts at the block level and efforts at the block level and identify and address identify and address Hot SpotsHot Spots where children are most at risk.where children are most at risk.

Region 1, its state and local Region 1, its state and local governments and community governments and community groups have deployed GIS groups have deployed GIS technology to better illustrate technology to better illustrate geographic geographic Hot SpotsHot Spots with high with high rates of lead poisoning.rates of lead poisoning.

Regional ApproachRegional Approach

Establish issue as a clear, Regional priority and secure Establish issue as a clear, Regional priority and secure support and leadership from senior agency Officials support and leadership from senior agency Officials and Administrators to target work.and Administrators to target work.

Identify the right external organizations as key Identify the right external organizations as key partners.partners.

Redefine perception of the problem and establish Redefine perception of the problem and establish geographic geographic Hot SpotsHot Spots with the greatest need for with the greatest need for assistance.assistance.– Deploy GIS Technology/Targeting Tools and Innovative Deploy GIS Technology/Targeting Tools and Innovative

Educational ToolsEducational Tools Initiate inclusive, strategic planning and make EPA Initiate inclusive, strategic planning and make EPA

Region 1 resources dedicated, diverse, and focused.Region 1 resources dedicated, diverse, and focused. Support state and local programming consistent with Support state and local programming consistent with

Hot SpotsHot Spots strategy. strategy. Set clear goals and track progress and measurable Set clear goals and track progress and measurable

results.results.

Regional ProcessRegional Process

Dedicated, Diverse & Focused Dedicated, Diverse & Focused Resources (Continued)Resources (Continued)::

Create and deploy innovative education and Create and deploy innovative education and outreach tools in outreach tools in Hot SpotsHot Spots::– ““Keep It Clean” education campaign launched to Keep It Clean” education campaign launched to

educate home renovators about lead hazards with educate home renovators about lead hazards with emphasis on distribution through local industry emphasis on distribution through local industry to reach broad yet targeted audience.to reach broad yet targeted audience.

– ““Little Moccasins” and “How Mother Bear Taught Little Moccasins” and “How Mother Bear Taught Children About Lead Poisoning” education Children About Lead Poisoning” education campaign (CD-ROM and hardcopy) launched to campaign (CD-ROM and hardcopy) launched to service diverse community and tribal populations.service diverse community and tribal populations.

Regional ProcessRegional Process

Inclusive, Strategic Planning:Inclusive, Strategic Planning: Providence Mayor’s Lead Safe Task Force (March 1999)Providence Mayor’s Lead Safe Task Force (March 1999) Boston “Let’s End It Here” Lead Summit (November 2001)Boston “Let’s End It Here” Lead Summit (November 2001) Boston Blueprint to End Childhood Lead Poisoning Boston Blueprint to End Childhood Lead Poisoning

(August 2002)(August 2002) Comprehensive Strategic Plan Committee for the RI Lead Comprehensive Strategic Plan Committee for the RI Lead

Hazard Mitigation Act of 2002 (July 2002)Hazard Mitigation Act of 2002 (July 2002)Dedicated, Diverse & Focused ResourcesDedicated, Diverse & Focused Resources:: Targeted compliance assistance and enforcement actions Targeted compliance assistance and enforcement actions

in geographic in geographic Hot SpotsHot Spots (e.g. 1018 Enforcement, (e.g. 1018 Enforcement, Compliance Assistance, SEPs, etc.)Compliance Assistance, SEPs, etc.)– Collaboration with Real Estate Licensing Commissions to Collaboration with Real Estate Licensing Commissions to

integrate lead rule into accreditation process (ME, NH, and integrate lead rule into accreditation process (ME, NH, and RI).RI).

– Increase compliance awareness through State Bar Increase compliance awareness through State Bar Associations, buildingAssociations, building

The Boston StoryThe Boston Story

Hot SpotsHot Spots Application Application

There Is No One There Is No One SourceSource

the Scope of the the Scope of the Problem…Problem…

Nationally, Nationally, 310,000 310,000

children aged 1-5 children aged 1-5 have elevated have elevated

blood lead levelsblood lead levels

Boston Fair Housing CenterBoston Fair Housing Center Boston Fair Housing Boston Fair Housing

Commission Commission Boston Urban Asthma Boston Urban Asthma

CoalitionCoalition Childhood Lead Poisoning Childhood Lead Poisoning

Prevention Program, Boston Prevention Program, Boston Public Health Commission Public Health Commission

Bowdoin Street Health Bowdoin Street Health CenterCenter

Conservation Law Conservation Law FoundationFoundation

Dorchester Environmental Dorchester Environmental Health CoalitionHealth Coalition

US Environmental Protection US Environmental Protection AgencyAgency

Legal Services Center Legal Services Center MA Affordable Housing MA Affordable Housing

Alliance (MAHA) Alliance (MAHA) MA Childhood Lead MA Childhood Lead

Poisoning Prevention Poisoning Prevention Program, MA Department Program, MA Department of Public Health of Public Health

Sovereign Bank Sovereign Bank The Food Project The Food Project Tufts Institute of the Tufts Institute of the

EnvironmentEnvironment Dorchester Bay CDCDorchester Bay CDC Boston Department of Boston Department of

Neighborhood Neighborhood DevelopmentDevelopment

Dorchester Bay CDCDorchester Bay CDC

LEAD ACTION COLLABORATIVE

Working to end childhood lead poisoning in Boston’s high-risk neighborhoods

Lead Poisoning in Boston

Year Total Children With Elevated Blood Levels (pb>=10ug/dl)1993 5,5901994 4,7111995 4,1091996 3,1981997 2,3421998 1,5311999 1,7242000 1,3502001 1,1232002 9612003 7732004 6472005 497

5,590

497

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Children in Boston With Elevated Blood Levels (pb>=10ug/dl)

Lead Poisoning by Neighborhood

To Identify community-based data that allows us to target resources to those neighborhoods most at risk

LeadSafeHomes.Info

Lead Inspection History

Neighborhood Information

Recommendations

Links to Resources

Address Specific Information

Community Mapping

Neighborhood Specific Information

Community Assessment Tool

Community Assessment Tool

Targeting LeadBlood Lead Levels 10 and up

Blood-Lead Summary 2004: 11.6% of tested children under six years old in this census tract have blood lead levels above 10 ug/dl, a level that is associated with negative health effects in children. This percentage is higher then the neighborhood average where 5.5% of children under six have blood lead levels above 10 ug/dl. The neighborhood percentage is higher than the Boston citywide percentage, where 3.5% of tested children under six have blood lead levels above 10ug/dL. (From LeadSafeHomes)

Census Tract 917, DorchesterPopulation: Population: 3,3473,347

Population Under 5Population Under 5 252252

Median Household Income: Median Household Income: $35,264$35,264

Percapita Income: Percapita Income: $12,363$12,363

% of Families below Poverty: % of Families below Poverty: 15.8%15.8%

% Of Families below poverty with % Of Families below poverty with related children under 5: related children under 5:

34.0%34.0%

Percent non-white Percent non-white 91.1%91.1%

African American African American 53.2%53.2%

Asian Asian 5.4%5.4%

Hispanic Hispanic 13.7%13.7%

Census Tract 917, Dorchester

PropertiesProperties 423423

UnitsUnits 10231023

Housing built before 1979: Housing built before 1979: 96.1%96.1%

Rents 30% or More Household Rents 30% or More Household Income: Income:

43.9%43.9%

Rents 35% or More of Household Rents 35% or More of Household Income: Income:

31.8%31.8%

Owner Occupied Housing Units:Owner Occupied Housing Units:

32.0%32.0%

Renter Occupied Housing Units:Renter Occupied Housing Units:

68.0%68.0%

Lead Safe Homes Inspection Information

4.25%

14.15%20.05%

61.56%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

Inspected, noviolation

Inspected, inviolation,deleaded

Inspected, inviolation, not

deleaded

NoInspection

Case ManagementCase ManagementLead Safe

Inspection

Home Visit

STEPS TO SUCCESS

Connected to Resources

AND WHAT HAVE WE AND WHAT HAVE WE DONEDONE

TOOLS...the stickTOOLS...the stick

Enforcement, Enforcement, Compliance and Compliance and OutreachOutreach::

TARGETING: TARGETING: Identify the largest Identify the largest landlords, companies with existing landlords, companies with existing code/OSHA/etc violations, the most code/OSHA/etc violations, the most deteriorated housing, the largest % deteriorated housing, the largest % of kids < 6, and focus on of kids < 6, and focus on environmental justice environmental justice communities.communities.

*Coordinate *Coordinate Federal, tribal, state Federal, tribal, state and local inspections & and local inspections & enforcement; obtain Supplemental enforcement; obtain Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEPs) that Environmental Projects (SEPs) that promote abatement promote abatement

**Solicit tipsSolicit tips from the public, from the public, community groups and state and community groups and state and local governmental agencies local governmental agencies (electronic, phone & paper)(electronic, phone & paper)

CarrotCarrot

COMPLIANCE COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE:ASSISTANCE:

Work with regulated Work with regulated community community to make them to make them aware of the lead laws, aware of the lead laws, technical requirements and technical requirements and technical and financial technical and financial assistanceassistance

OUTREACHOUTREACH: : *Saturate the *Saturate the

communitycommunity, both , both regulated and regulated and nonregulated sectors, nonregulated sectors, including professionals and including professionals and workers, trade workers, trade associations, etc. using associations, etc. using mass media and direct mass media and direct appealsappeals

KNOWLEDGE of current and past local, KNOWLEDGE of current and past local, regional and national SOURCES of lead regional and national SOURCES of lead contamination and potential exposurescontamination and potential exposures

Past residential and commercial historyPast residential and commercial history Housing stockHousing stock Industrial and commercial discharges Industrial and commercial discharges

(Waste, air & water permits)(Waste, air & water permits) Drinking water lead levelsDrinking water lead levels Traffic patternsTraffic patterns Cultural practicesCultural practices

PROMOTE Innovative TechnologiesPROMOTE Innovative Technologies

PS&T Photolytic Paint PS&T Photolytic Paint Removal ProcessRemoval Process

High intensity light pulses High intensity light pulses from PS&T’s patented from PS&T’s patented Surface Discharge (SD) Surface Discharge (SD) lamp are focused by a lamp are focused by a reflector onto a surface. reflector onto a surface. Paint is vaporized and Paint is vaporized and removed by air flow and removed by air flow and captured by a filter. captured by a filter. Feasibility and laboratory Feasibility and laboratory units demonstrated in units demonstrated in EPA/HUD programs for lead EPA/HUD programs for lead paint. Funding is needed paint. Funding is needed for commercializationfor commercialization

Air Flow Inlet

SD Lamp

Reflector

Air FlowTo Filters

Brush

VaporizedPaint

Direction of Motion

Light

Other Technology Other Technology WorkWork Proposed the lead paint problem to the Proposed the lead paint problem to the

ETCETC

Future:Future: Encourage Massachusetts to participate Encourage Massachusetts to participate

in the pilot of the revised NLLAP criteriain the pilot of the revised NLLAP criteria Convince SBIR to fund 2 technologiesConvince SBIR to fund 2 technologies Leverage interest with other agencies Leverage interest with other agencies Persuade DoD to pilot a SBIR funded Persuade DoD to pilot a SBIR funded

technology for lead abatementtechnology for lead abatement

COORDINATION & PARTNERSHIPS among COORDINATION & PARTNERSHIPS among local, state and federal entitieslocal, state and federal entities

NGOs & IndustryNGOs & Industry Lead Action Lead Action

Collaboratives, Collaboratives, community-based community-based and professional and professional

associations:associations: Real estate, Real estate,

legal, trade unions legal, trade unions and advocacy and advocacy groupsgroups

More PartnersMore Partners

Local agenciesLocal agencies City Childhood City Childhood

Lead Poisoning Prevention Lead Poisoning Prevention ProgramsPrograms

Departments of Departments of HealthHealth

Housing AuthoritiesHousing Authorities SchoolsSchools State agenciesState agencies Childhood Lead Childhood Lead

Poisoning Prevention Poisoning Prevention ProgramsPrograms

Departments of Departments of Health. Labor and Worker Health. Labor and Worker ProtectionProtection

State Drinking State Drinking Water ProgramsWater Programs

And More PartnersAnd More Partners

Tribal Tribal governmentsgovernments

Health and Health and allied allied organizationsorganizations

Federal agenciesFederal agencies EPAEPA

HUDHUD CDCCDCLaborLaborOSHAOSHA

CPSCCPSC

COMMUNICATION and COLLABORATION COMMUNICATION and COLLABORATION across governmental programsacross governmental programs

Identify programsIdentify programs that can that can affect exposuresaffect exposures: water, air : water, air and waste permits, hazardous and waste permits, hazardous waste sites, housing purchase waste sites, housing purchase and renovation;and renovation;

Or that address similar Or that address similar populations or problemspopulations or problems: : asbestos, schools, toxics, WIC;asbestos, schools, toxics, WIC;

Or that can provide Or that can provide assistance to vulnerable assistance to vulnerable populationspopulations: health care : health care providers, schools, banks;providers, schools, banks;

To connect multi media To connect multi media effortsefforts (e.g., AHERA and lead (e.g., AHERA and lead in schools) in schools) or remediationor remediation (e.g., use injunctive relief to (e.g., use injunctive relief to address community problems), address community problems), etc.etc.

Pb Paint Press

Other Regulations

PropertyManagers

OtherUniverse

Consultants

Public

Other Tenants

Insurance Co’s

Lenders

NGOs

Boston-ACECLF, Health Groups

Property Managers Association

HUD, HHS

StateLicensingConsumerProtection

City DPH, Permits

Contractor Assoc.

Crafts and Unions

Local NewspaperTV Human InterestChamber of CommerceREIT Publications

Tenant’s Association

Insurance Assoc.Insurance Publications

MortgageAssoc

Federal HomeLoan

Lender Publications

Bar AssocLandlord Assoc

Law firms specializingin tenant / LL issuesReuse, Finance

Trade Schools

Funding ProgramsFunding Programs

And There Is And There Is FundingFunding

Federal SourcesFederal Sources State and Local State and Local

FundingFunding Issue: FearIssue: Fear

DATADATA

POPULATION STATISTICSPOPULATION STATISTICS: : income distribution, minority, % income distribution, minority, % of population < 6, etc.of population < 6, etc.

LOCATIONSLOCATIONS (maps, GIS) of (maps, GIS) of ethnic and immigrant ethnic and immigrant communitiescommunities

BLOOD LEAD LEVELSBLOOD LEAD LEVELS by city by city and census tractand census tract

Regional Progress Regional Progress Toward MeasuresToward MeasuresDedicated, Diverse & Focused Resources Dedicated, Diverse & Focused Resources DiscretionaryDiscretionary

Grant Funding to community projects for lead poisoning Grant Funding to community projects for lead poisoning prevention outreach and education in prevention outreach and education in Hot SpotsHot Spots::– Community-based projects in Boston, MA, Hartford, CT and Community-based projects in Boston, MA, Hartford, CT and

Providence, RI to creatively identify geographic Providence, RI to creatively identify geographic Hot SpotsHot Spots and reduce incidence of childhood lead poisoning through and reduce incidence of childhood lead poisoning through targeted multi-lingual education and outreach (e.g. in-home, targeted multi-lingual education and outreach (e.g. in-home, community-based, health centers, schools, etc.).community-based, health centers, schools, etc.).

– ““Vacant Lot for $1 Program” sampled Providence Vacant Lot for $1 Program” sampled Providence residential vacant lots for lead, provided multi-lingual residential vacant lots for lead, provided multi-lingual education on lead for families, mitigated high lead levels education on lead for families, mitigated high lead levels with city resources, and transferred ownership of lots to with city resources, and transferred ownership of lots to local residents for cost of $1 to return to safe, productive local residents for cost of $1 to return to safe, productive reuse.reuse.

– ““Lead Safe Yards Program” sampled and mitigated lead Lead Safe Yards Program” sampled and mitigated lead hazards on residential properties in Dorchester.hazards on residential properties in Dorchester.

– ““Community Assessment Tool” designed and deployed by Community Assessment Tool” designed and deployed by the Lead Action Collaborative in Boston, MA to identify high the Lead Action Collaborative in Boston, MA to identify high risk housing through visual assessment.risk housing through visual assessment.

MEASURES OF MEASURES OF SUCCESSSUCCESS The region has been able to target over 75% of its

inspections at landlords and property management firms with over 100 units, or against smaller landlords and property management firms where there is no disclosure and a childhood poisoning.

Such targeting approaches provide for considerable injunctive relief well beyond the inspected facilities. Settlements in enforcement cases resulting from such inspections led to approximately $4 million in injunctive relief and SEPs (supplemental environmental projects that benefit the environment beyond the requirements of the law) and over $300,000 in administrative penalties during FY04 alone. Region I staff delivered the second largest lead settlement in the history of the TSCA lead program with a value of approximately $3.6 million dollars. We only expect the injunctive relief to increase.

MeasuresMeasures

In addition to inspections at target housing, the team devised a multi-media approach to combine lead outreach with its AHERA inspections.

We have also developed a lead in drinking water survey that we provide to schools during inspections. Along with the compliance assistance to schools, inspectors provide detailed compliance assistance following each inspection, which includes a detailed set of reference materials.

Staff also directly and indirectly provided compliance assistance to 25,000 real estate professionals during FY04, focusing primarily on the identified hot spot communities.

MeasuresMeasures

Drafting articles for real estate publications.

Grantee designed a real estate course and gave lectures to real estate and bar association. Two state real estate licensing boards have made lead disclosure part of their licensing curriculum.

MeasuresMeasures

Since launching its targeting efforts in 2001, elevated blood lead levels in Boston children have dropped from 1,123 cases to 773 cases and resulted in the first-ever Boston neighborhood to have zero lead poisoned children, the Fenway.

In Providence, lead poisoning rates dropped from 14.9% to 9.6% between 2001 - 2003. Up until this initiative, these poisoning rates had not declined as quickly as other parts of the region or within these very cities. After considerable research, the Team found that traditional methods for lowering lead poisoning rates had proved ineffective, because they did not target the root cause of lead poisonings in poor, highly urbanized areas.

ConclusionConclusion

Geographic Geographic Hot SpotsHot Spots exist for lead poisoning and in exist for lead poisoning and in Region 1 and represent the remaining vulnerable Region 1 and represent the remaining vulnerable populations most at risk for childhood lead poisoning. populations most at risk for childhood lead poisoning.

Deploying tools, technology and resources (financial Deploying tools, technology and resources (financial and staff time) can identify these critical areas in and staff time) can identify these critical areas in each Region with key local community partners.each Region with key local community partners.

Targeted, focused, and stable resource investment in Targeted, focused, and stable resource investment in Region 1 across programs to service the needs in Region 1 across programs to service the needs in geographic geographic Hot SpotsHot Spots produces measurable results. produces measurable results.

In order to move forward to reach our 2010 goals in In order to move forward to reach our 2010 goals in Region 1, it is critical to focus energy, activities, and Region 1, it is critical to focus energy, activities, and available resources to service the needs of remaining available resources to service the needs of remaining vulnerable populations at risk areas that continue to vulnerable populations at risk areas that continue to suffer from lead poisoning.suffer from lead poisoning.

ResourcesResources

National Lead Information Center National Lead Information Center – Copies of the regulationCopies of the regulation– 1-800-424-LEAD1-800-424-LEAD

Lead professionals, training providers Lead professionals, training providers and HUD-sponsored Lead Safe Work and HUD-sponsored Lead Safe Work Practices training listingsPractices training listings– www.leadlisting.orgwww.leadlisting.org– 1-888-LEADLIST1-888-LEADLIST

HUD - www.hud.gov/offices/leadHUD - www.hud.gov/offices/lead EPA - www.epa.gov/opptintr/leadEPA - www.epa.gov/opptintr/lead