Goal 7

The Progressive Era

7.01

Explain the conditions that led to the Progressive Era

Corruption and ineffectiveness of government

Industry and City

• Due to the problems caused by industrialization and urbanization many began to cry out for reform

• Reform = change

• Many believed that more democracy was the cure for problems facing America

Immigration and the Urban Poor

• Jacob Riis• Urban Slums-poor living

conditions in the working class areas of the cities led to the spread of disease and crime

• Lowest standard of living and the highest mortality rate

Working Conditions

• Triangle Shirtwaist factory-fire breaks out at sweatshop in NYC; many women working there perish because the doors are chained shut; leads to reform in the workplace (fire escapes, fire codes)

Muckrakers• Writers that exposed

problems and corruption in government and business

• Ida Tarbell-exposed Standard Oil

• Ida B. Wells-lynching• Lincoln Steffens-

“Shame of the Cities”• Jacob Riis• Upton Sinclair- “The

Jungle”; meatpacking industry

Upton Sinclair

• The Jungle• Meatpacking

industry; unsafe and unhealthy

• Led to passage of Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act

Social Gospel

• Religious movement that advocated taking Jesus to the slums

7.02

Analyze how different groups of Americans made economic and political gains in the Progressive

Period

Roles of Progressive Presidents

Teddy Roosevelt

• Trustbuster• Conservationist• Newlands Reclamation

Act-set aside land for national parks

• President from 1901-1909

• Runs for president again in 1912 as a third party candidate (Bull Moose party)

William Taft

• Dollar Diplomacy• Children’s Bureau• Mann Elkins Act

Woodrow Wilson

• Federal Reserve Act-creates 12 district banks to control the nation’s money supply

• 4 amendments are added to the Constitution while he is president

• 16th - 19th

Political Reform• Robert LaFollette-

governor from Wisconsin; “Laboratory of Democracy”

• Called for direct election of senators, referendums, initiatives, and recall

• 16th-income tax• 17th-direct election of

senators• 18th-prohibition of alcohol• 19th-women’s suffrage

7.04

Examine the impact of technological changes on

economic, social, and cultural life in the US

Industrial Innovations

Wright Brothers

• First successful airplane• 1903• Kitty Hawk, NC

Movie Camera

• Allowed people to make their own motion pictures

• Films become a popular form of entertainment

Kodak Camera

• Photos become cheaper and brought them to the mass market

Electricity

• Thomas Edison-light bulb; phonograph

• Cities use power to run machinery, trains, lights

• Factories now run 24 hrs

• Consumers can power things at home (vacuum cleaner)

Skyscrapers

• Cities begin building up instead of out

• Steel • Elevators• Land had become

expensive

Henry Ford

• Assembly Line-make cars more affordable

• $5 day-great wage at the time; allowed workers to buy the car as well as other goods

• Model T-first mass produced car

Mail Order Catalogs

• Sears & Roebuck• Companies are able

to bring consumer goods to people in remote areas

• Mass culture