Go to section

Pretest

1. What instrument would you use to measure temperature?

2. Which of the following is a unit of volume?a. gramb. atmospherec. meterd. liter

3. What characteristic of matter can you measure using a graduated cylinder?

Chapter 2

Go to section

Pretest (continued)

4. The sides of a cube are 2 cm by 2 cm. What is the volume of the cube?

5. What additional quantity would you need to calculate the density of the cube described in Question 4?

6. Which of the following is NOT studied in chemistry? a. composition of matter b. reactions of substances c. properties of materials d. motion of large objects

Chapter 2

Go to section

Interest Grabber

Classifying ItemsPeople classify objects for different reasons. Classifying foods into groups, such as grains, vegetables, and fruits helps people plan meals that maintain a healthy diet. Biologists classify organisms into groups that have similar characteristics, which makes the relationships among organisms easier to see.

1. Devise a classification system for the following items: orange, lime, plum, apple, pear, rose, violet, daisy, gold, and silver.

2. Explain what criteria you used to place items into each category of your classification system.

Section 2.1

Go to section

Reading Strategy

Previewing

Section 2.1

a. substance

b. compound

c. and d. homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture

Go to section

Interest Grabber

Distinguishing Features

Physical characteristics can be used to describe and distinguish a person from other people. An accurate physical description can often be used to identify a person in a crowd. Practice identifying physical characteristics with the animals listed below. Your teacher will supply you with pictures of each animal.

lion cheetahocelot leopardtiger bobcat

1. What characteristics make these animals similar?

2. What characteristics make them different?

Section 2.2

Go to section

Reading Strategy

Building Vocabulary

Section 2.2

a. The tendency of a liquid to resist flowing

b. The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering

c. The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to liquid.

Go to section

Melting and Boiling Points of Some Substances

Figure 12

Go to section

Interest Grabber

Safety SymbolsIt is important to pay attention to warning labels when working with chemicals. Look at the safety symbols at the right.

Write a brief statement for each symbol explaining what actions you need to take to avoid a possible danger.

Section 2.3

Go to section

Reading Strategy

a. Copper roof changing color from red to green when exposed to moist air

b. Formation of carbon dioxide gas when vinegar is added to baking soda

c. Formation of cottage cheese curds when acid is added to milk

Section 2.3

Previewing

Go to section

Reading Strategy

a. Copper roof changing color from red to green when exposed to moist air

b. Formation of carbon dioxide gas when vinegar is added to baking soda

c. Formation of cottage cheese curds when acid is added to milk.

Section 2.3

Previewing

Pretest Answers

1. What instrument would you use to measure temperature?

2. Which of the following is a unit of volume?

a. gramb. atmospherec. meterd. liter

3. What characteristic of matter can you measure using a graduated cylinder?

volume

Chapter 2

a thermometer

Click the mouse button to display the answers.

Chapter 2Pretest Answers (continued)

Click the mouse button to display the answers.

4. The sides of a cube are 2 cm by 2 cm. What is the volume of the cube?

5. What additional quantity would you need to calculate the density of the cube described in Question 4?

6. Which of the following is NOT studied in chemistry?

a. composition of matter b. reactions of substances c. properties of materials d. motion of large objects

8 cm3

the cube’s mass

Interest GrabberAnswers

1. Devise a classification system for the following items: orange, lime, plum, apple, pear, rose, violet, daisy, gold, and silver.

2. Explain what criteria you used to place items into each category of your classification system.

Answers may vary. Sample answer: Fruit—orange, lime, plum, apple, pear; Flower—rose, violet, daisy; and Element—gold, silver. You could also classify the list based on whether or not the item is a color name.

Section 2.1

Interest GrabberAnswers

1. What characteristics make these animals similar?

Answers will vary. All the animals have four legs, fur, sharp teeth, and a tail.

2. What characteristics make them different?

Answers will vary. There are differences in color, size, and shape of face and body.

Section 2.2

Interest GrabberAnswers

A. No flames, sparks, or exposed sources of heat should be present during an experiment.

B. When working with poisonous or irritating vapors, work in a well-ventilated area. Avoid inhaling a vapor directly.

C. Avoid getting corrosive chemicals on skin or clothing, or in the eyes.

D. Tie back long hair and loose clothing, and put on safety goggles before using a burner.

Section 2.3

Chapter 2Go Online

More on the issue of arsenic-treated wood

Self-grading assessment

Articles on properties of matter

For links on mixtures, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-1021.

For links on chemical and physical changes, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-1023.