Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
GNET 2060 1
INTRODUCTION TO CONTENT
GNET 2060 2
INTRODUCTION
GNET 2060 3
Introduction
A silly theory results in such silly graphics as:Comparison of solar radiation and stock prices…
GNET 2060 4
Introduction
Comparison of student grades with desk sizes.
GNET 2060 5
Introduction
These may be “correlations”, but not “cause and effect.”
GNET 2060 6
GRAPHICS
GNET 2060 7
Graphics
Graphics should:Show data…
GNET 2060 8
Graphics
Make the viewer think about the content…
GNET 2060 9
Graphics
Avoid distortion…
GNET 2060 10
Graphics
Present many numbers in a small space.
GNET 2060 11
Graphics
Make large data sets understandable…
GNET 2060 12
Graphics
Encourage comparisons…
GNET 2060 13
Graphics
Serve a clear purpose, and…
GNET 2060 14
Graphics
Integrate words and statistics.
GNET 2060 15
PRINCIPLES OF GRAPHIC EXCELLENCE
GNET 2060 16
Principles
A well designed presentation of interesting data includes:
Substance…
GNET 2060 17
Principles
Statistics, and…
GNET 2060 18
Principles
Excellent design.
GNET 2060 19
Principles
Complex ideas are communicated with:
Clarity…
GNET 2060 20
Principles
Precision, and…
GNET 2060 21
Principles
Efficiency.
GNET 2060 22
Principles
Present many ideas in the shortest time…
GNET 2060 23
Principles
Let the data tell the truth, and...
GNET 2060 24
Principles
Show the variation of data, not design.
GNET 2060 25
Principles
Never quote data out of context.
GNET 2060 26
Principles
Use labeling that is:ClearDetailed.
GNET 2060 27
Principles
Use standardized measurements, and…
GNET 2060 28
Principles
Present quantities that are proportionally correct.
GNET 2060 29
ATTRACTIVE GRAPHICS
GNET 2060 30
Attractive Graphics
Have proper format and design…
GNET 2060 31
Attractive Graphics
Use:WordsNumbersDrawings.
GNET 2060 32
Attractive Graphics
Reflect:BalanceProportionRelevant scale...
GNET 2060 33
Attractive Graphics
Display details…
GNET 2060 34
Attractive Graphics
Tell a story, and…
GNET 2060 35
Attractive Graphics
Avoid “chartjunk”.
GNET 2060 36
CORRECT GRAPHICS
GNET 2060 37
Correct Graphics
Spell out words…
GNET 2060 38
Correct Graphics
Avoid elaborate:ColoringShadingCross-hatchingLegends.
GNET 2060 39
Correct Graphics
Read from left to right…
GNET 2060 40
Correct GraphicsExplain all data…
GNET 2060 41
Correct GraphicsProvoke curiosity, and…
GNET 2060 42
Correct GraphicsUse sans serif type for visuals.
GNET 2060 43
EXAMPLES
GNET 2060 44
Space Junk
GNET 2060 45
Space Junk
7,000 items of space junk orbit our world:Dead satellites...Frozen sewage from astronauts...rocket engine explosion fragments.
GNET 2060 46
Space Junk
34 nuclear reactor fuel cores…Shrapnel from test weapons...Garbage bags.
GNET 2060 47
Unknown Objects
GNET 2060 48
Unknown Objects
What is the size of this painting?
GNET 2060 49
Unknown Objects
Artist Roy Lichtenstein stands on a ladder.
GNET 2060 50
Inaccuracy
GNET 2060 51
Inaccuracy
Grids were used in Renaissance paintings to exaggerate perspective (see next slide).
GNET 2060 52
Inaccuracy
GNET 2060 53
The Broad Street Pump
GNET 2060 54
Broad Street
There were 500 fatal attacks of cholera in 10 days in 1854 in England.
GNET 2060 55
Broad Street
All were within 250 yards of the Broad Street and Cambridge Street intersection.
GNET 2060 56
Broad Street
John Snow tested the city-provided well water and found no impurities.
GNET 2060 57
Broad Street
Mr. Snow plotted the deaths on a map: This is the
first recorded time ascatter plot was used.
GNET 2060 58
Broad Street
Data showed a link to the free water from the Broad Street Pump.
GNET 2060 59
Broad Street
The handle was removed from the pump…The epidemic ended.
GNET 2060 60
Labels - NOT Numbers or
Letters
GNET 2060 61
Labels
Codes are meaningless.
GNET 2060 62
LabelsLabels clarify.
GNET 2060 63
Inappropriate Color
GNET 2060 64
Color
Aggressive color shows the color.
GNET 2060 65
Color
Light tints show the information, not the color.
GNET 2060 66
The Challenger Disaster
GNET 2060 67
Challenger
The Space Shuttle Challengerexploded onJanuary 28, 1986 and 7 astronauts died.
GNET 2060 68
Challenger
Icicles hung from the Challenger.
GNET 2060 69
Challenger
Ambient temperatures were in the low 30s…
GNET 2060 70
Challenger
The O-rings were less than 20oF, and…
GNET 2060 71
Challenger
The Predicted temperature at launch was 26 to 29 degrees.
GNET 2060 72
Challenger
The engineers opposed the launch.
GNET 2060 73
Challenger
Engineers prepared charts like the ones you will now be presented.
GNET 2060 74
Challenger
The Thiokol managers said the evidence presented by the engineers did not link cold temperature with O-rings.
GNET 2060 75
Challenger
NASA officials were appalled by the recommendation not to launch.
GNET 2060 76
Challenger
The Challenger blew up 73 seconds afterthe rocketswere ignited.
GNET 2060 77
Challenger
The 13 charts the engineers prepared were weak…
GNET 2060 78
Challenger
One chart left off temperature totally…
GNET 2060 79
Challenger
One chart had 6 different types of data making it meaningless…
GNET 2060 80
Challenger
Items such as nozzle blow-by were included which had nothing to do with cold weather…
GNET 2060 81
Challenger
22 previous flights with their temperature variations were not presented together...
GNET 2060 82
Challenger
92% of the temperature data was left out, and...
GNET 2060 83
Challenger
Data was “selectively” chosen.
GNET 2060 84
Challenger
A simple table would have linked O-rings and cold weather.
Distribute table.
GNET 2060 85
ChallengerEven a “rocket chart”, next slide, of all 24 previous flights and the 48 rockets would have shown a link between cold temperature and O-ring failure.
GNET 2060 86
Challenger
GNET 2060 87
ChallengerA scatterplot even shows the link.
GNET 2060 88
Challenger
Predicted Launch Temperature
GNET 2060 89
Challenger
Remember - there are right ways and
wrong ways to display data.
GNET 2060 90
EXAMPLE APPLICATION TO
INDUSTRY
GNET 2060 91
Product Instruction
Manual
The Problem
GNET 2060 92
Problem
Executive Officers want the existing Product Instruction Manual evaluated; there have been complaints.
GNET 2060 93
Problem
A committee is formed of mid-management executives who determine the criteria to be used.
GNET 2060 94
Problem
An employee committee is formed to use the criteria to evaluate the existing product instruction manual and…
GNET 2060 95
Problem
… make recommendations to
… who will report to the
Mid-Management
Executive officers of the company.
GNET 2060 96
Information
GNET 2060 97
Information
Many manuals:are written from an engineer’s point of view.are too complex.
GNET 2060 98
Information
Many manuals:are incomplete – from the user’s point of view.use jargon.
GNET 2060 99
Information
Many manuals:use narrative to explain an illustration.
GNET 2060 100
Information
Begin with “Who should read this document.”Describe the product and its purpose.
GNET 2060 101
Information
Identify each part and its components.Write in small steps.
GNET 2060 102
Information
Use illustrations to explain the narrative.
GNET 2060 103
Information
Do not describe what the product can do.Instead explain how to do something with the product.
GNET 2060 104
Information
Include troubleshooting techniques.Instill confidence in whomever reads the manual.
GNET 2060 105
Information
No ambiguity – the person reading the manual cannot ask questions.
GNET 2060 106
Information
IgniteMountApplyCut
ConnectExcavateMeasureInsert
Begin each step with a strong verb:
GNET 2060 107
The End
