Glycolysis Animation

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.html

Bridging (Transition) Process• Aerobic requires O2 as final electron acceptor (happens in ETC)• Location --inside mitochondria “One-Two Punch”

• Carbonyl group released as CO2• NAD+ reduced to NADH • Leaves Acetyl--picked up by CoA & becomes Acetyl CoA

• Acetyl CoA intermediate in all catabolism (esp. fats & proteins)• Surplus of ATP acetyl-CoA gets stored as lipid• Little ATP acetyl-CoA enters Krebs cycle & makes ATP

Krebs Cycleaka Citric Acid Cycle

• Location--Matrix of mitochondria

• Aerobic requires O2 as final e- acceptor

• Produces:• CO2 (from

carbonyl)• NADH• FADH2

• ATP

Learning Targets

5. Compare and contrast substrate level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, and photophosphorylation.

Background Info:Phosphorylation

• Transfer of phosphate group AND energy• Enzyme-mediated• ATP Synthase• ATPase

Oxidative Phosphorylation

• e- transferred to oxygen through proton pumps builds up proton gradient

• Generates ATP through ATP Synthase• Occurs in inner membrane of Mitochondria

Photophosphorylation • powered by Photosystems (found only in

chloroplasts photosynthesis)• Final e- acceptor is NADP+

Substrate Level Phosphorylation

• Phosphate transferred from a molecule (substrate) to ADP• Forms ATP direct

Electron Transport Chains(General)

• Stepwise transfer of electrons through a series of redox reactions

• Dehydrogenase removes 2 H atoms from molecule transfers 2 e- & 1 proton to NAD+

• Allows 1 H+ to diffuse into cell (building a concentration gradientW

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CR: First Electron Acceptor

• NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)• NAD+ NADH

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CR: Final electron acceptor O2