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Gluon FiELD
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Gluon field
Quantum field theory
Feynman diagram
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Further information: Ricci calculus, Special unitary group, and Quantum chromodynamics
In theoretical particle physics, the gluon field is a four vector fieldcharacterizing the propagation of gluons in the strong interaction betweenquarks. It plays the same role in quantum chromodynamics as theelectromagnetic four-potential in quantum electrodynamics - the gluon fieldconstructs the gluon field strength tensor.
Throughout, Latin indices take values 1, 2, ..., 8 for the eight gluon colorcharges, while Greek indices take values 0 for timelike components and 1, 2, 3for spacelike components of four-dimensional vectors and tensors in spacetime.Throughout all equations, the summation convention is used on all color andtensor indices, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
Contents [hide]
1 Introduction2 Gauge covariant derivative in QCD3 Gauge transformations4 See also5 References
5.1 Notes5.2 Further reading
5.2.1 Books5.2.2 Selected papers
6 External links
Introduction [edit]
Gluons can have eight colour charges so there are eight fields, in contrast to photons which are neutral and so there is onlyone photon field.
The gluon fields for each color charge each have a "timelike" component analogous to the electric potential, and three"spacelike" components analogous to the magnetic vector potential. Using similar symbols:[1]
where n = 1, 2, ... 8 are not exponents but enumerate the eight gluon color charges, and all components depend on the
position vector r of the gluon and time t. Each is a scalar field, for some component of spacetime and gluon color charge.
The Gell-Mann matrices λa are eight 3 × 3 matrices which form matrix representations of the SU(3) group. They are alsogenerators of the SU(3) group, in the context of quantum mechanics and field theory; a generator can be viewed as anoperator corresponding to a symmetry transformation (see symmetry in quantum mechanics). These matrices play animportant role in QCD as QCD is a gauge theory of the SU(3) gauge group obtained by taking the color charge to define alocal symmetry: each Gell-Mann matrix corresponds to a particular gluon color charge, which in turn can be used to definecolor charge operators. Generators of a group can also form a basis for a vector space, so the overall gluon field is a"superposition" of all the color fields. In terms of the Gell-Mann matrices (divided by 2 for convenience),
the components of the gluon field are represented by 3 × 3 matrices, given by:
or collecting these into a vector of four 3 × 3 matrices:
the gluon field is:
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Gauge covariant derivative in QCD [edit]
Below the definitions (and most of the notation) follow K. Yagi, T. Hatsuda, Y. Miake[2] and Greiner, Schäfer.[3]
The gauge covariant derivative Dμ is required to transform quark fields in manifest covariance; the partial derivatives that
form the four-gradient ∂μ alone are not enough. The components which act on the color triplet quark fields are given by:
wherein i is the imaginary unit, and
is the dimensionless coupling constant for QCD. Different authors choose different signs.The partial derivative term includesa 3 × 3 identity matrix, conventionally not written for simplicity.
The quark fields in triplet representation are written as column vectors:
The quark field ψ belongs to the fundamental representation (3) and the antiquark field ψ belongs to the complex conjugate
representation (3*), complex conjugate is denoted by * (not overbar).
Gauge transformations [edit]
Main article: gauge theory
The gauge transformation of each gluon field which leaves the gluon field strength tensor unchanged is;[3]
where
is a 3 × 3 matrix constructed from the tn matrices above and θn = θn(r, t) are eight gauge functions dependent on spatial
position r and time t. Matrix exponentiation is used in the transformation. The gauge covariant derivative transforms similarly.
The functions θn here are similar to the gauge function χ(r, t) when changing the electromagnetic four potential A, inspacetime components:
leaving the electromagnetic tensor F invariant.
The quark fields are invariant under the gauge transformation;[3]
See also [edit]
Quark confinementGell-Mann matricesField (physics)Einstein tensorSymmetry in quantum mechanicsWilson loopWess–Zumino gauge
References [edit]
Notes [edit]
1. ^ B.R. Martin, G. Shaw (2009). Particle Physics. Manchester Physics Series (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 380–384.ISBN 978-0-470-03294-7.
2. ^ K. Yagi, T. Hatsuda, Y. Miake (2005). Quark-Gluon Plasma: From Big Bang to Little Bang . Cambridge monographs on particlephysics, nuclear physics, and cosmology 23. Cambridge University Press. pp. 17–18. ISBN 0-521-561-086.
3. ̂a b c W. Greiner, G. Schäfer (1994). "4" . Quantum Chromodynamics. Springer. ISBN 3-540-57103-5.
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Further reading [edit]
Books [edit]
W. N. Cottingham, D. A. Greenwood (2007). An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics . CambridgeUniversity Press. ISBN 113-946-221-0.H. Fritzsch (1982). Quarks: the stuff of matter. Allen lane. ISBN 0-7139-15331.S. Sarkar, H. Satz, B. Sinha (2009). The Physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma: Introductory Lectures . Springer.ISBN 3642022855.J. Thanh Van Tran (editor) (1987). Hadrons, Quarks and Gluons: Proceedings of the Hadronic Session of the Twenty-Second Rencontre de Moriond, Les Arcs-Savoie-France . Atlantica Séguier Frontières. ISBN 2863320483.R. Alkofer, H. Reinhart (1995). Chiral Quark Dynamics . Springer. ISBN 3540601376.K. Chung (2008). Hadronic Production of ψ(2S) Cross Section and Polarization . ProQuest. ISBN 0549597743.J. Collins (2011). Foundations of Perturbative QCD . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521855330.W.N.A. Cottingham, D.A.A. Greenwood (1998). Standard Model of Particle Physics . Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0521588324.
Selected papers [edit]
J.P. Maa, Q. Wang, G.P. Zhang (2012). "QCD evolutions of twist-3 chirality-odd operators" . Physics Letters B (Beijing,China: Elsevier).M. D’Elia, A. Di Giacomo, E. Meggiolaro (1997). "Field strength correlators in full QCD" . Physics Letters B (Pisa, Italy).arXiv:hep-lat/9705032 .A. Di Giacomo, M. D’elia, H. Panagopoulos, E. Meggiolaro (1998). "Gauge Invariant Field Strength Correlators In QCD" .Pisa (Italy), Nicosia (Cyprus), Heidelberg (Germany). arXiv:hep-lat/9808056 .M. Neubert (1993). "A Virial Theorem for the Kinetic Energy of a Heavy Quark inside Hadrons" . Physics Letters B(Geneva (CERN), Switzerland). arXiv:hep-ph/9311232 .M. Neubert, N. Brambilla, H.G. Dosch, A. Vairo (1998). "Field strength correlators and dual effective dynamics in QCD" .Physical Review D (Washington, USA). arXiv:hep-ph/9311232 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.58.034010 .V. Dzhunushaliev (2011). "Gluon field distribution between three infinitely spaced quarks" . Eurasian National University.arXiv:1101.5845v1 .
External links [edit]
K. Ellis (2005). "QCD" . Fermilab, USA.
"Chapter 2: The QCD Lagrangian" . Technische Universität München. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
Categories: Particle physics Quantum field theory Quantum chromodynamics
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