0-9 10 Base-T Basic Ethernet at 10 Mbit/sec100 Base-T Ethernet
running at 100 Mbit/sec1000 Base-T Ethernet running at 1,000
Mbit/sec128QAM QAM with 7 bits per symbol.16QAM QAM with 4 bits per
symbol.1G irst !eneration. "e#ers to analog cellular systems1xA
c$ma%000 notation that in$icates that one carrier is being use$.
&ompare with '(1xEVDO )ee E*+,1xEVDV )ee E-+-1XRTTc$ma%000
operating mo$e at basic chip rate .1.%%// Mcps0. 1he theoretical
top spee$ is 12' 3bps2G)econ$ !eneration. "e#ers to $igital
cellular an$ 4&) wireless systems oriente$ to *oice an$ low
spee$ $ata ser*ices2R "ecei*e, "eshape .an optical signal0. )ee
'"32QAM QAM with 2 bits per symbol.3G1hir$ !eneration. "e#ers to
the ne(t generation o# wireless systems 5 $igital with high spee$
$ata. Being stan$ar$i6e$ by '!44 an$ '!44%3GiA '! 7nternet
Appliance3GPP 'r$ !eneration 4artnership 4ro8ect #or 95&+MA
.!)M03GPP2 'r$ !eneration 4artnership 4ro8ect #or c$ma%0003GSP '!
)er*ice 4ro*i$er3R "eshaping, "etiming, "eampli#ying .an optical
signal0. )ee %"3WC 1hree 9ay &all3xA c$ma%000 notation that
in$icates that three carriers are being use$. &ompare with 1(.
:ot wi$ely implemente$. Although this allows higher ma(imum spee$s,
the a*erage spee$ per user will not change signi#icantly3XRTT
c$ma%000 operating mo$e at ' times the basic chip rate o# 1.%%//
Mcps64QAM QAM with ; bits per symbol.80211An 7EEE committee that
stan$ar$i6es a wireless Ethernet replacement technology in the 7)M
ban$. /0%.11b is most commonly implemente$ an$ runs at
appro(imately 10 Mbps in the %.4!uirements more stringent. )ee
A+"&80211!7EEE 9ireless =A: system pro*i$ing throughput o#
about 11 Mbps but see A+"&80211" An 7EEE stan$ar$ #or networ3
interoperability between 9=A: protocols80211#An 7EEE stan$ar$ #or
operation o# their 9=A: protocols outsi$e the normal#re>uency
ban$s .e.g. $ue to the una*ailability o# those ban$s in some
countries080211eAn 7EEE stan$ar$ #or Qo) in their 9=A: protocols
/0%.11a, /0%.11b, /0%.11g an$ /0%.11n80211$ An 7EEE stan$ar$ #or
interconnection between wireless A4s80211%A secon$ generation
*ersion o# 9ii pro*i$ing 24 Mbps raw throughput .typically a user
$ata rate o# about hal# that0 in the same %.4 !uency ban$ as
/0%.11b. 1his ga*e it an a$*antage o*er /0%.11a which ha$ similar
per#ormance but operate$ in a $i##erent #re>uency
ban$.80211&An 7EEE stan$ar$ #or spectrum an$ transmit power
management #or their 9=A: protocols80211i Enhance$ security #or
7EEE 9=A: protocols80211'An a$aptation o# /0%.11 9=A: protocols to
the ?apanese 4.@A2 !uency ban$80211( A propose$ 7EEE stan$ar$ #or
""M80211) A group #or e$itorial maintenance o# 7EEE /0%.11 9=A:
stan$ar$s80211*A #uture 7EEE 9=A: protocol that promises raw $ata
rates o# 240 Mbps in either the %.4 !ually able to han$le them
.e.g. #or customer ser*ice0ACE7P415 A$apti*e &E=4ACE7P425
Algebraic &E=4AC9 Authentication &ontrol
unctionACGAutomatic &o$e !apping. A metho$ o# she$$ing loa$ in
telecommunications systemsAC: Access &hannelAC3 Ac3nowle$gement
signalAC7RA$8acent &hannel =ea3age "atio. 1he ratio o# the
on5channel transmit power to the power measure$ in one o# the
a$8acent channels. An important 95&+MA parameter.ACM ))7 7)C4
A$$ress &omplete message. "esponse to 7AMACP A$8acent
&hannel 4owerACREAuthori6ation D &all "outing E>uipment.
Cse$ #or routing calls to cellular phones with a Ecor$lessF
mo$eAD415 Abbre*iate$ +ialingAD425 Architecture
+ocumentADAA$*ertising Agent. 4ro*i$es in#ormation to a M) on the
ser*ices pro*i$e$ by a '! networ3ADDS Application +ata +eli*ery
)er*ice. )ee )M)AD9415 Application +.A#'a"e*- C&a**e;uiring its
positionAGW Access !atewayA:415 Authentication T:An ,M1 bit that
turns mobile authentication on or o## #or all mobiles withina
cellA>T:BS Authentication "esponse #rom the B)A.-&e*-i"a-i=*
4ro*ing the i$entity o# an in$i*i$ual or application .e.g.
M)0A.-&e*-i"a-i=*E*&a*"e)e*-s7mpro*ements to networ3 base$
authentication .17A/E7A5410 $e#ine$ in
7)577/A.-&e*-i"a-i=*Ve"-=,)ee Quintet an$
1ripletA>T:RAuthentication "esponse. 1he output o# &A-E when
"A:+ is use$ as a global challengeA>T:> Authentication
"esponse to Cni>ue &hallengeA>T8ABA :etwor3
Authentication 1o3en. &ompose$ o# )Q: .conceale$0, AM an$
MA&AV Authentication -ectorAVC Analog -oice
&hannelAVPAttribute -alue 4air. A metho$ o# enco$ing parameters
that inclu$es the length o# the $ata, the attribute .parameter0
type .usually #i(e$ length0 an$ the attribute *alue. c# 1=-AWG8
A$$iti*e 9hite !aussian :oiseAW< Alert with 7n#ormationI use$ to
transmit $ata while alerting an M)AWS An && term #or
7M1)5%000B B-SMS Broa$cast )M)B6< Busy/7$le bitB8?SBipolar with
/ Jero )ubstitution. "eplaces an all50 octet by one containing two
B4-Ba!1 Be;; see "B,&Ba"(&a.; "outing trun3s #rom a
cellsite to an M)& be#ore routing to the 4)1:.!a#+.-A cute name
#or waste$ ban$wi$th. Ban$wi$th K goo$put.throughput0 L ba$put L
unuse$ ban$wi$thBA9Billing Automatic Message Accounting ormat. 1he
&+"/AMA #ormat use$ by most C) wireline telecom carriersBAuires
that telecommunications carriers pro*i$e #or sur*eillance .a3a
wiretaps0 at the switch siteCAMA &entrali6e$ Automatic Message
AccountingCAME7&ustomi6e$ Applications #or Mobile :etwor3s
Enhance$ =ogic base$ on &A4. 7: capabilities #or !)M.
&ompare with 97:Ca*#i#a-e MSC An M)& being consi$ere$ as
the 1arget M)& o# a han$o##CA8uirementCCS &ommon
&hannel )ignalingCCS@ 71C51 *ersion o# ))7CCSA &hina
&ommunications )tan$ar$s Association. )uccessor to
&91).CCSC &ellular &arrier )peci#ic &o$e .e.g.
N1%'0CCS: &+MA &o$e &ombining )o#t uote$ te(t string.
Cse$ in GM= an$ $eri*ati*e protocols such as 9M=CDCP &all
+etail &ollection 4oint. )ee 17A/E7A51%4CDG &+MA
+e*elopment !roupCDGP &all +etail !eneration 4ointCD &all
orwar$ing Cncon$itional .i.e. e*ery incoming call will be
#orwar$e$0CG &harging !atewayCGB ))7 7)C4 &ircuit group
bloc3ingCGBA ))7 7)C4 &!B ac3nowle$gementCGuence
:umberC7ASS&ustom =ocal Area )ignaling )er*ices. A pac3age o#
#eatures o##ere$ by wireline carriersC;ea,i*%&=.seA central
point #or the gathering an$ re$istribution o# recor$s, such as
billingrecor$sC7EC&ompetiti*e =E&. A new entrant in a
mar3et pre*iously limite$ to one carrier. )ome wireless carriers
may >uali#y #or this $esignationC7< &alling =ine
7$entity. )ee &g4:C7uencies in the 1/00 Muency an$ &hannel
Allocation. +ynamic assignment o# ra$io channels to optimi6e
capacity. 4ropose$ #or !)M, but not yet implemente$.D9P +istribute$
unctional 4lane :"MD:CP+ynamic uently As3e$ Questions9as- 9a#i*%
a$e $uration short relati*e to channel #rame length9B< C) e$eral
Bureau o# 7n*estigation9Ceature &o$e. An asteris3 #ollowe$ by
$igits in$icating the in*ocation o# a #eature .e.g. T7' may be use$
to $isable call #orwar$ing0. eature co$es shoul$ be sent to the
uence :umber. 1he se>uence number o# an M14 #rame being
transmitte$. &ontrast with B):9S8425 rame )e>uence
:umber9TAM ile 1rans#er, Access an$ Management9T< ractional 11.
A customer may lease a portion o# a #ull 119T8415 orwar$51o
:umber9T8425 E& to :uest 7:-,BE message. Being replace$ by
uest% 7:-,BE message. Cse$ by the )er*ing M)& to $etermine the
signal strength being recei*e$ by a neighboring &an$i$ate
M)&. "eplaces C415!)M 4ersonal Cnbloc3ing &o$e. A co$e
pro*i$e$ by a carrier to regain access to a )7M that has become
loc3e$ $ue to multiple entries o# an in*ali$47:. 7# this co$e is
entere$ incorrectly 10 times, the )7M will become permanently
inoperable an$ must be replace$.+>ue which uses se*eral baseban$
correlators to in$i*i$ually process se*eral signal multipath
components. 1he correlator outputs are combine$ to achie*e impro*e$
communications reliability an$ per#ormanceRA8 "a$io Access
:etwor3RA8AP C1"A: "A: Application 4artRA8D "an$om number use$ #or
authentication purposesRA8DBS"an$om number use$ #or base station
challenge authentication operation. )ee &A-ERA8DC"A:+
&on#irmation. A portion o# "A:+ use$ to try to con#irm the
*alue that was use$ by an M) $uring a !lobal challengeRA8DSSD
"an$om number use$ #or &A-E ))+ Cp$ate operationRA8D> 1he
ran$om number use$ #or a Cni>ue &hallengeRAO "e*enue
Accounting ,##iceRASC "a$io Access )ystem &ontroller. An 7:
termRAT"a$io Access 1echnology. Cse$ to $istinguish between !4")
an$ CM1) in'!44 networ3s.Ra-e Ce*-e,1he location o# a phone #or
billing purposes. =ong $istance charges are calculate$ base$ on the
$istance between two rate centers .o#ten the switch location0. "ate
centers an$ competition combine to cause *ery ine##icient number
assignment, because e*ery carrier operating in a rate center must
be assigne$ at least 10,000 numbers. But, see 4oolingRAT< "an$om
A17. &ompare with CA17RBOC"egional B,&. ,ne o# 7 local
e(change companies #orme$ #rom the brea3up o# A1D1H :U:EG, Bell
Atlantic, Bell)outh, )outhwestern Bell, 4aci#ic Bell, C) 9est an$
AmeritechRC9 "a$io &ontrol unction. An 7: termRD
"e>uirements +ocumentRDCC: "e*erse +&&uest #or
&omments. 7nternet stan$ar$ .well, not o##icially, but in
practice many internet Estan$ar$sF are still 8ust "&s0R9uency
7nter#erenceR9uest #or 4roposalR9> "eser*e$ #or uture CseR
)ub5rate +igital acility CnitSD: )ynchronous +igital 415)election
an$ +istribution Cnit. 4art o# a base station that contains the
*oiceco$ersSD>425 )er*ice +ata Cnitse%)e*-a-i=*1he process o#
brea3ing a long protocol message into pieces that are no longer
than the ma(imum allowe$ by lower protocol layers. ,h, an$
reassembling them laterPSe*si-i/i-11he ability to recei*e a ra$io
signal *ery near to the thermal noise le*el. 1hemore sensiti*e the
recei*er, the lower the re>uire$ inci$ent ra$io signal
re>uire$ #or acceptable reception.Se,G !)MA )er*ices
!roupSe,/i*% MSC 1he M)& currently ser*ing an M)SET)C4= Enable$
1erminal. )upports the location proce$ures o# )C4=, interacting
with the networ3 o*er the user plane bearer.Se--;e)e*- 1he process
o# e(changing re*enue between telecommunications carriersS9
)uper#rameS9CE>uencing, retransmission on error, #low control,
3eep5ali*e, connection control. )ee A17) 11.;'7.SSD )hare$ )ecret
+ata. A secon$ary 3ey use$ in most &A-E operationsSSD-A 4ortion
o# ))+ use$ #or AuthenticationSSD-B 4ortion o# ))+ use$ #or *oice,
$ata an$ signaling encryptionSS9 )er*ice )witching unction. An 7:
term #or a switchSSui*alent o# "AC #or =1E.TBCD 1elephony B&+.
+igit 0 is enco$e$ as 10, as on a rotary $ial phoneTCAP1ransaction
&apabilities Application 4art. Message pac3aging stan$ar$
use$by 17A/E7A541, =:4, /00 an$ other ))75base$ applications.
+e#ine$ in A:)7 11.114TCB1elecommunication &erti#ication Bo$y.
A national authority #or the certi#ication o# ra$io $e*ices.TCC
1elephony &ountry &o$eTCG 1ruste$ &omputing !roupTC:
1ra##ic &hannel. ,#ten classi#ie$ as #ull rate."0 or hal# rate
.ue use$ by +5AM4) an$ !)MTDOA 1ime +i##erence o# Arri*al. )ee 1,A
an$ ,1+,ATDP 1rigger +etection 4oint. )ee 7:TDS-CDMA 1ime +i*ision
)ynchroni6ation &+MA. &hinese '! ra$io access proposalTDSO
&+MA 1est +ata )er*ice ,ptionTE +ata 1erminal E>uipment. A
personal computer, #or e(ampleTEG 9A4 1elematics E(pert
!roupTe;ese,/i"eA telecommunications ser*ice pro*i$e$ between two
telecommunications terminals .e.g. a call between two phones or a
short message between two wireless $e*ices0. &ontrast with
Bearer capabilityTe,a 4re#i( to in$icate one trillion .e.g.
1era5bit0. Abbre*iate$ 1Te,)i*a-i=*1he process o# reaching the
$estination o# a call. :ot to be con#use$ with +isconnection-ES8 A
uni>ue E): #or a phone. )ee pE):, C7M7+, pC7M7+TETRA1errestrial
1run3e$ "a$io. A European 4AM" system using %2 3uency noise
associate$ with thermal acti*ity. At a typical temperature o# '00
$egrees Bel*in .%;./4 $egrees &elsius0, thermal noise is5174
$Bm per hert6, or 114 $Bm in a 1 MD: Cni*ersal +ata DPCser +atagram
4rotocol. An internet protocol pro*i$ing basic ser*ices
only.&ompare with 1&4>DR"A+7C) Csage +ata "ecor$.
&aptures accounting $ata #or pac3et $ata sessions.>DT ))7
M14 unit $ata message. &arries a payloa$ o# about %20
octet>DTS C+1 ser*ice message. Cse$ to sen$ error responses to
C+1 messages>E Cser E>uipment .e.g. phone an$ all peripherals
such as C)7M0>EA CM1) Encryption Algorithm. May be null .no
encryption0 or Basumi>G:DM &+MA Cni*ersal :9Cltra5uency.
'005'000 M) "a$io inter#ace between M) an$ B))/B)&>M7 E1)7
Cni*ersal Mo$elling =anguage>MTSCni*ersal Mobile
1elecommunications )ystem .a '! initiati*e0. )ee
www.umts5#orum.org. 7t operates in 2 MTC Cni*ersal &oor$inate$
1ime .$onMt as30>TM Cni*ersal 1rans*erse Mercator.>TRA
Cni*ersal 1errestrial "a$io Access. >TRA8 Cni*ersal 1errestrial
"A:. 1he B), B1) etc. #or 95&+MA/CM1)>>-S>ue
7$enti#ier. A 1%/ bit i$enti#ier base$ on the 4/5bit MA&
a$$ress or, i# one is not a*ailable, generate$ ran$omly #rom a
separate numbering space. 1he i$enti#ier also contains time
in#ormation using a cloc3 that $oes not roll o*er until '400 A+.
+e#ine$ in 7E1 "& 41%%>WBA ra$io technology that uses short
*ery high spee$ bursts o# $ata o*er short $istances. 7t is
contro*ersial because some claim that it can share spectrum with
other users, an$ others claim that it will cause unacceptable
inter#erence.>WCCni*ersal 9ireless &onsortium. 4romotes
+5AM4) technologies aroun$ the worl$>WC6136 1+MA $igital
cellular/4&) base$ on the 7)51'; or 17A/E7A51';
stan$ar$s>WCCCni*ersal 9ireless &ommunications
&onsortium. 4roponent o# 1+MA $igital systems base$ on
C9&/1';. +isban$e$ at the en$ o# %001.V V a*# V-eri#ication an$
-ali$ation. A committee re*iew o# a stan$ar$ be#ore #ormalballotVA
-ali$ation AuthorityVAAA -isite$ AAAVAD-oice Acti*ity +etection. A
system that not only $etects the absence o# *oice, an$ pre*ents
transmission o# unecessary $igiti6e$ *oice $uring this timeVAR
-alue5a$$e$ "esellerVAS -alue A$$e$ )er*iceVASP-A) 4ro*i$er. A
company that pro*i$es a ser*ice .e.g. web content0 withoutbeing the
carrier.VC -irtual &ircuitVC< -& i$enti#ierVDS7-ery high
spee$ +)=, pro*i$ing about 2/ Mbit/sec in both $irections.
A*ailable as asymetric .see A+)=0 or symmetric .see )+)=0. )ee -+)=
AllianceVDS7 A;;ia*"e 4romoters o# -+)=VGC -oice !roup &allVGCS
-oice !roup &all )er*iceV:E -irtual
