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Phil Jones
The role of buildings in future energy thinking
Zero carbon; Low energy; Zero energy; Near-zero energy; Energy positive
• Globally, 50% of energy used in buildings
• Potential to reduce demand
• Also to generate and store energy at building scale
Energy Generating Building Envelopes
Solar PV and Solar thermal
AIR
CO
LL
EC
TO
R
SYSTEMS APPROACHREDUCE DEMAND
RENEWABLE SUPPLY
ENERGY STORAGE
SYSTEM INTEGRATION
Technologies:Thermal and electrical energy systems
Technologies and building design:Renewable energy systems as construction elements
Electrical
Thermal
TSC Virtual external spaces
Air to MVHR
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Air
tem
per
atu
re r
ise
-deg
. C
Solar radiation on the TSC facade - W/m2
TSC panel: Air temperature rise vs. solar radiation on the TSC facade
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
-100.0 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0 1000.0
Temperature rise through TSC vs Total horizontal solar radiation
Air
tem
per
atu
reri
se:
C
Total horizontal solar radiation: W/m2
SOLCER MODELLING
Components
Whole Building
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
800.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Monthly energy supply, PV power storage and exportation
Direct from PV From Battery Heating storage by PV power Surplus power to grid From grid
Energy: kWh
ENERGY POSITIVE PERFORMANCE
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
total demand total PV output total from grid total to grid total losses
Annual electricity demand, supply and storageEnergy: kWh/yr
Annual self sufficiency rate: 75%
Annual power to grid/from grid ratio: 1.5
SOLCER: the energy positive house
Typical new house energy costs £780/year
SOLCER earns £166/year
Benefit £946/year
COSTS £1,200/m2
16 weeks construction
Energy Positive Office ConceptPV roof
TSC wall
Energy
Positive
YEAR
Hydrogen
Retrofitting properties
50% of existing buildings have had some energy
efficiency measures installed .
Without energy efficiency improvements from 1970
energy consumption would be twice current levels.
Existing Built Environment80% of buildings around in 2050 already exist (in the UK)
After retrofit
Before retrofit
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
SOLCER low carbon Retrofits
PV roof Batteries MVHR EWI Details
Whole House Deep Retrofits
After retrofit
Before retrofit
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
SOLCER low carbon Retrofits
Energy savings £450/year
(average energy bill £1000/year)Cost of whole house retrofit £25,000 and reducing
Sustainable Urban Master-planning
New Developments
Qatar Ras al Khaimah Hanoi
Tianjin
Sustainable High Density Cities Lab
CityComfort+
Air Ventilation Analysis：
Daylighting Analysis：
Building Energy：
Thermal comfort：
URBAN SCALE
Option1
Option2 Option3
Existing condition
Shading analysis
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
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200.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59
Energy supply per building
Heating Cooling Lighting Small power Fan power
kwh/m2/annual
Building ID
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Energy supply per area
Heating Cooling Lighting Small power Fan power
kwh/m2/month
Large Scale Urban Developments
Energy Modelling
An Integrated Model for Urban Microclimate & Building Energy
PREDICT URBAN HEAT ISLAND – LOCAL EXTERNAL CONDITIONS
Model Testing on a Scale Concrete City
(Guangzhou)
A zonal model for assessing street canyon air temperature of high-density cities
Weihui Liang, Jianxiang Huang, Phil Jones, Qun Wang, Jian Hang
Building and Environment Vol 132, 15 March 2018, Pages 160-169
Plants and Architecture
URBAN HEAT ISLAND
MICRO-CLIMATE
GREEN WALLS ROOF
BIOMATERIALS
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT
After retrofit
Before retrofit
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Urb
an
R
etr
ofi
t N
ew
Sca
le B
uil
d
Energy
Positive
Zero
Carbon
Near-Zero
Carbon
Low
Carbon
Range of performance
TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
Conventional
Renewables
Renewables
Storage
Renewables
Storage
POWER GENERATION
END USE
Buildings Industry Transport
HY
DR
OG
EN
HIGH PRESSURE
LOW PRESSURE
GAS
AD
SM
AL
L S
CA
LE
M
ED
IUM
SC
AL
E
L
AR
GE
SC
AL
E
INTERNET OF ENERGY
TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
Conventional
Renewables
Renewables
Storage
Renewables
Storage
POWER GENERATION
END USE
Buildings Industry Transport
HY
DR
OG
EN
HIGH PRESSURE
LOW PRESSURE
GAS
AD
SM
AL
L S
CA
LE
M
ED
IUM
SC
AL
E
L
AR
GE
SC
AL
E
INTERNET OF ENERGY
TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
Conventional
Renewables
Renewables
Storage
Renewables
Storage
POWER GENERATION
END USE
Buildings Industry Transport
HY
DR
OG
EN
HIGH PRESSURE
LOW PRESSURE
GAS
AD
SM
AL
L S
CA
LE
M
ED
IUM
SC
AL
E
L
AR
GE
SC
AL
E
INTERNET OF ENERGY
TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
Conventional
Renewables
Renewables
Storage
Renewables
Storage
POWER GENERATION
END USE
Buildings Industry Transport
HY
DR
OG
EN
HIGH PRESSURE
LOW PRESSURE
GAS
AD
SM
AL
L S
CA
LE
M
ED
IUM
SC
AL
E
L
AR
GE
SC
AL
E
INTERNET OF ENERGY
TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
Conventional
Renewables
Renewables
Storage
Renewables
Storage
POWER GENERATION
END USE
Buildings Industry Transport
HY
DR
OG
EN
HIGH PRESSURE
LOW PRESSURE
GAS
AD
SM
AL
L S
CA
LE
M
ED
IUM
SC
AL
E
L
AR
GE
SC
AL
E
INTERNET OF ENERGY
TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
Conventional
Renewables
Renewables
Storage
Renewables
Storage
POWER GENERATION
END USE
Buildings Industry Transport
HY
DR
OG
EN
HIGH PRESSURE
LOW PRESSURE
GAS
AD
SM
AL
L S
CA
LE
M
ED
IUM
SC
AL
E
L
AR
GE
SC
AL
E
INTERNET OF ENERGY
TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
Conventional
Renewables
Renewables
Storage
Renewables
Storage
POWER GENERATION
END USE
Buildings Industry Transport
HY
DR
OG
EN
HIGH PRESSURE
LOW PRESSURE
GAS
AD
SM
AL
L S
CA
LE
M
ED
IUM
SC
AL
E
L
AR
GE
SC
AL
E
INTERNET OF ENERGY
The role of buildings in future
energy thinking
Phil Jones
Thank You
