Globalization and industrial performance

Organizational OverviewGlobalization and industrial performance
I use it to mean the closer integration of economies brought about by technological change, and the resulting restructuring of production, trade and factor flows.
I do NOT take it to mean policy liberalization. Successful globalization means tapping the opportunities opened by technological trends in many ways, not necessarily by passive ‘opening up’
There are many meanings attached to ‘globalization’.
Globalization and industrial performance
Rapid technical change is at the heart of globalization and the new competitive scene
It makes it imperative for all productive activities to constantly access and use new technologies, while raising the minimum entry levels for using technologies efficiently
It changes the structural dynamics of industrial activity, shifting the production and exports towards technology-intensive products and activities
The ‘death of distance’ opens new markets and access to inputs, allowing narrower forms of specialization in ‘fragmented’ or ‘segmented’ production and outsourcing
Use the off-slide area to create effects
Recent growth of hi-tech & other manufacturing production in 1980-98 (US National Science Board)
Chart1
USA
USA
Japan
Japan
UK
UK
Germany
Germany
France
France
Taiwan
Taiwan
Korea
Korea
China
China
Singapore
Singapore
Brazil
Brazil
Mexico
Mexico
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Elasticity of MVA to GDP
Share of MVA in GDP
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
9.5%
12.4%
13.5%
15.2%
16.0%
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
World
22.5%
22.3%
21.9%
21.6%
21.8%
Industrialized
22.6%
22.1%
21.5%
21.0%
20.8%
Transition
30.0%
29.7%
30.0%
25.6%
28.4%
Developing
19.4%
20.2%
21.1%
23.1%
24.7%
1980
1990
2000
World
22.5%
21.9%
21.8%
Industrialized
22.6%
21.5%
20.8%
Transition
30.0%
30.0%
28.4%
Developing
19.4%
21.1%
24.7%
LDCs
10.1%
9.6%
9.6%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1980
1990
2000
NSB data
Total
RB
LT
MHT
1980-90
1990-00
1980-90
1990-00
1980-90
1990-00
1980-90
1990-00
WORLD
0.909
0.905
0.833
1.074
0.907
0.985
0.943
1980--85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
World
0.907
0.985
0.699
0.950
0.481
0.728
1.128
1.066
Elasticity of RB MVA growth with respect to GDP
Growth rates
Total transition
Elasticity of MHT MVA growth with respect to GDP
Growth rates
Elasticity of LT MVA growth with respect to GDP
Growth rates
0.5688360126
0.3157204287
0.9259642836
1.2414029535
0.7983101721
0.7752697228
3.9143121638
0.8677027361
1.0844828158
1.0752507601
1.0423130942
1.1823638657
0.8703322708
0.6648746657
2.4769168489
1.1534571025
1.2799321672
1.2550523212
0.6202504686
1.7513872506
1.0121983991
0.9298160334
2.9347422391
1.5213524369
0.8483587202
0.6465450621
1.4621884978
1.7978795749
1.1940321698
1.0353892457
1.7378319351
1.525879797
0.215312039
0.0366209392
1.4627865379
0.5150420881
0.685117612
0.579871641
-3.1943415142
1.209958175
0.3680571724
0.5406631197
1.5478064909
0.6818924282
0.9401550761
0.851805731
2.1878830051
0.9470050504
1.2799321672
1.2550523212
0.6202504686
1.7513872506
1.0121983991
0.9298160334
2.9347422391
1.5213524369
0.8483587202
0.6465450621
1.4621884978
1.7978795749
1.1940321698
1.0353892457
1.7378319351
1.525879797
Concentration
0.9068796358
0.8323019467
1.0067499012
1.2549528426
0.9846268717
0.8502600608
1.1640616676
1.3475908239
0.6985251864
0.5804137253
1.2932545704
1.0174004202
0.949515431
0.8177293561
0.623648259
1.1686562142
0.4805729568
0.3496170461
0.8794886634
0.9288948793
0.7280523171
0.7356415826
1.4017635327
0.8069463333
1.1283958656
1.0672218613
0.9046957868
1.6134164244
1.0655697338
0.8898582918
1.4122859115
1.6684323617
Figure 4.4: Growth of MVA relative to growth of GDP
MVA, EA & LAC
All manufacturing industries
High technology industries
0.0302532896
0.0495779772
0.0594808085
0.0712254015
0.0369047718
0.0573252741
0.0753656601
0.0829546778
0.0235844514
0.0267618535
0.0617636953
0.0711735319
0.0301578659
0.0250890343
0.0378074514
0.0551167721
0.0174129617
0.0286576799
0.0339768817
0.0712197781
0.0218654755
0.0225774869
0.0471542623
0.0536259609
0.0273479193
0.032336584
0.0285976336
0.0433485333
0.1093140941
0.1326307203
0.1593472513
0.2139077619
0.0824927352
0.0968781789
0.1246451102
0.1608423838
0.0684235002
0.073977167
0.1154695783
0.1412070733
0.0633225563
0.0967317605
0.1424750324
0.1597036464
-0.004711666
0.0973681203
0.026247841
0.1181738642
-0.0065206585
0.0622724048
0.0007413268
0.0253199301
-0.004278308
0.0350620636
0.0173630626
0.0597778573
0.0729547075
0.0656003363
0.0425405566
0.1408564982
0.038291236
0.166637592
0.0683049203
0.2682282322
0.0533048646
0.1913285383
0.0851849778
0.2999608778
0.0300497173
0.0466883837
0.0595837621
0.0868107295
270437.5
765143
54961.1
189631.7
9360.3
34617.9
5034.3
21131.2
147290.6
433188.3
26910.9
92769.5
58683.8
114451.2
23723.7
62314.9
45800.7
83573.2
14884.1
51349.6
50218.5
115094.8
24080.5
61662.6
20019.2
33255.7
7992.9
17156.7
4312.9
61746.6
811.7
26591.2
7904.7
65488.4
2258.2
33088.8
9675.7
69170.6
4468.2
48160.7
5099.8
56078.2
4282.2
61647.2
4772.7
7608.6
3295.2
24606.5
5756.5
5833.8
268.1
420.5
17282.7
23560.2
963.5
2739.8
394.8
835.7
8.9
95.4
130.6
429
19.1
1375.9
3765.6
16402.2
251.2
28233.5
MVA by tech
MHT
LT
13,867,000
16,020,000
16,679,000
19,211,000
25,841,000
2.9%
0.8%
2.9%
6.1%
1.9%
4.5%
3.2%
World
26.6%
25.5%
25.1%
25.7%
24.8%
World
55.4%
58.1%
59.1%
59.2%
60.3%
17.9%
16.4%
15.8%
15.2%
14.8%
Table 4.1: Technology composition of MVA (shares and growth rates)
1980
1990
2000
1980
2000
Source: UNIDO database
Note: RB is 'resource-based', LT is 'low technology' and MHT is 'medium and high technology'.
DCs/Ics
250.0%
250.0%
261.5%
1980
1990
2000
World
26.6%
25.1%
24.8%
Industrialized
25.3%
23.6%
23.4%
Transition
27.3%
28.7%
34.3%
Developing
36.5%
33.7%
31.1%
1980
1990
2000
1980
1990
2000
World
17.9%
15.8%
14.8%
World
55.4%
59.1%
60.3%
Industrialized
17.1%
14.9%
14.5%
Industrialized
57.6%
61.6%
62.1%
Transition
26.0%
25.5%
23.5%
Transition
46.6%
45.9%
42.2%
Developing
22.7%
20.4%
16.0%
Developing
40.8%
45.9%
52.9%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.2663047941
0.2507091457
0.2484896341
0.2533949931
0.2356053209
0.2338036678
0.2734763007
0.2866365282
0.3428201649
0.3649573687
0.3368718237
0.3110860378
0.1793913662
0.1584916184
0.1484930926
0.1710928052
0.1487474495
0.1447744535
0.2601417379
0.2547490255
0.2352204767
0.2274737848
0.2037629579
0.1598740338
World
World
World
Industrialized
Industrialized
Industrialized
Transition
Transition
Transition
Developing
Developing
Developing
1980
1990
2000
0.5543038396
0.5907992358
0.6030172734
0.5755122017
0.6156472296
0.6214218787
0.4663819614
0.4586144463
0.4219593583
0.4075688465
0.4593652183
0.5290399284
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
World
Industrialized
Transition
Developing
By 1980-2000
Apparel
27
25
14
13
20
16
-6
-3
Apparel
-6
-3
Other chemicals, plastic prods, electrial mach, misc. petr. prods, non-ferrous metals, printing/publishing, tobacco, furniture, instruments, non-met. minerals
Electrical mach, industrial chems, instruments, leather, plastic prods, transport equip, glass, other chems, rubber prods, tobacco
Electr. Machinery
Petr. refining, textiles, footwear, wood prods, furniture, apparel, non-elect mach, iron/steel, food processing
Food processing
Beverages, metal prods, misc petr prods, non-ferr metals, non-metallic minerals, other manufacturing, paper, pottery/china, printing/publishing
Footwear
28
27
25
23
27
27
-2
-4
Footwear
-2
-4
-2
Note: 'Winners' are activities that gain rank over the period and 'losers' that go down the ranks.
Furniture
9
24
20
22
19
25
1
-3
Furniture
1
-3
MVA growth relative to GDP growth (descending order for 1980-2000)
World
Rank
World
World
Developing
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Figure 4.6: Change in share of developing countries in global MVA (1980-2000)
1980
1990
2000
0.0096
0.06
3146
2663
2222.4
1660
1421.8
MVA per capita in top 5 as ratio of bottom 5
2000
SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Top 5
Top 10
Figure 4.7: Shares of top 5 and 10 economies in glogal and developing world MVA (%)
57.394
73.5757
51.6584
70.7373
57.5987
72.4637
49.9835
71.5417
58.2461
72.8989
60.0283
77.923
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Top 5
Top 10
Figure 4.7: Shares of top 5 and 10 economies in global and developing world MVA (%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
World
Developing
Figure 4.8: Ratio of MVA per capita of top 5 to bottom 5 countries
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
MENA 2
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
E Asia
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2.6794
3.3262
4.5698
6.104
6.809
1.4439
2.0378
2.6524
5.283
7.04
0.84207
1.0316
1.2834
1.6617
1.7624
5.5624
4.7922
4.2481
4.3622
3.9927
1.093
1.035
1.0336
1.0113
1.2409
1.0948
1.3012
1.3099
1.4579
1.5673
0.4422
0.5694
0.684
0.7872
0.799
0.43057
0.44906
0.42823
0.39773
0.41213
0.57133
0.53367
0.49712
0.46278
0.4111
0.1889994871
0.2203736708
0.2732784472
0.2832977404
0.2830934462
0.1018581859
0.1350220425
0.1586231653
0.24520073
0.2926904002
0.0593981001
0.0683465537
0.0767472016
0.0771233891
0.0732761163
0.3923678566
0.3175023278
0.2540394071
0.2024568776
0.1659999221
0.077092972
0.0685773198
0.0618221082
0.0469384255
0.0515911409
0.0772260876
0.0862126245
0.0783323204
0.0676647599
0.0651611136
0.0311889944
0.0377230961
0.040907689
0.0365344654
0.033219352
0.0303712841
0.0297529124
0.0256091901
0.0184596687
0.0171349372
0.0402998091
0.0353581414
0.029727779
0.0214783424
0.0170915272
0.6468
1.2436
1.5342
0.705
0.5939
0.6146
2.6306
1.757
0.18953
0.2518
0.3783
0.1007
-0.7702
-0.5441
0.1141
-0.3695
-0.058
-0.0014
-0.0223
0.2296
0.2064
0.0087
0.148
0.1094
0.1272
0.1146
0.1032
0.0118
0.01849
-0.02083
-0.0305
0.0144
-0.03766
-0.03655
-0.03434
-0.05168
0.0645380403
0.0765058991
0.0965968579
0.047285376
0.0089484536
0.0084006479
0.0003761875
-0.0038472729
-0.083381181
-0.0702181323
-0.0664662122
-0.03180424
0.0155206386
-0.0046957112
-0.0150407842
-0.0058187596
-0.0055600394
-0.0097740847
-0.0153989579
-0.0057115467
0.0313741837
0.0529047764
0.0100192932
-0.0002042941
0.0331638566
0.0236011227
0.0865775647
0.0474896702
0.0089484536
0.0084006479
0.0003761875
-0.0038472729
-0.0748655289
-0.0634629207
-0.0515825295
-0.0364569555
-0.0085156522
-0.0067552116
-0.0148836828
0.0046527155
0.0089865369
-0.0078803041
-0.0106675606
-0.0025036462
0.0065341017
0.0031845929
-0.0043732236
-0.0033151134
-0.0006183717
-0.0041437223
-0.0071495214
-0.0013247315
-0.0049416677
-0.0056303625
-0.0082494365
-0.0043868152
0.290857673
0.3553957133
0.4319016124
0.5284984704
0.5757838464
0.1889994871
0.2203736708
0.2732784472
0.2832977404
0.2830934462
0.1018581859
0.1350220425
0.1586231653
0.24520073
0.2926904002
0.4694608286
0.3860796476
0.3158615153
0.2493953031
0.217591063
0.3923678566
0.3175023278
0.2540394071
0.2024568776
0.1659999221
0.077092972
0.0685773198
0.0618221082
0.0469384255
0.0515911409
0.0645380403
0.0765058991
0.0965968579
0.047285376
0.0313741837
0.0529047764
0.0100192932
-0.0002042941
0.0331638566
0.0236011227
0.0865775647
0.0474896702
-0.083381181
-0.0702181323
-0.0664662122
-0.03180424
-0.0748655289
-0.0634629207
-0.0515825295
-0.0364569555
-0.0085156522
-0.0067552116
-0.0148836828
0.0046527155
0.036252058
0.0517827442
0.0687335342
0.0583516612
0.0786281196
0.0936052071
0.1127592639
0.076646528
0.0685755235
0.0980324539
0.0764577344
0.0581989756
0.0963447804
0.0862215859
0.1660051433
0.0964967272
-0.0034917111
0.0103922413
0.0194073201
0.0298656017
-0.0067099059
0.0059047912
0.021305629
0.017150146
0.0122750901
0.0301932549
0.0114545629
0.0785476051
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
LAC
LAC
LAC
680.1
577.7
626.6
107.2
210.3
461.6
230.1890598209
426.452819479
695.0428316577
35.2
56.3
82.3
247.3
306.8
375.6
87.4
80.5
69.7
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
5.56
4.25
3.99
Mexico
1.09
1.03
1.24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Figure 4.12: Shares of developing world MVA, East Asia and LAC
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Figure 4.12: Shares of global MVA, East Asia and LAC (%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1980
1990
2000
Figure 4.12: Shares of global MVA, East Asia and LAC (%)
Table 3: Per capita MVA (1990 US$)
1980
1990
2000
LAC
680.1
577.7
626.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1980
1990
2000
Growth rates
Total MVA
Total MVA
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.6%
0.7%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.4%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
0.0670418095
0.0410246485
0.0151228047
0.0085281008
0.008679401
0.0587414515
0.0535272471
0.018114474
0.0104471014
0.0084548627
0.0532702826
0.072570117
0.0194566864
0.0130059621
0.008221946
0.053900283
0.1138166579
0.0215292551
0.0167217063
0.0076127124
0.052421812
0.1380519846
0.0227213693
0.0177008356
0.0071449384
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
0.0947814953
0.0487397155
0.0261641443
0.0076922161
0.0116868496
0.0896371948
0.0648416938
0.0325780295
0.0112091691
0.0141039539
0.0789264206
0.0826299496
0.0333020304
0.0142473313
0.0131823094
0.0811469667
0.1210566606
0.0356750525
0.0165161226
0.0118409655
0.0794973406
0.1373932723
0.0357859172
0.0188830717
0.0114797386
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
0.0697870356
0.0557559253
0.0196616455
0.012155254
0.0097759046
0.0597463386
0.0685250175
0.0220992444
0.0120259168
0.0085209226
0.0540076383
0.0912514858
0.0241066056
0.0159829762
0.0100332171
0.046796821
0.1284951237
0.0272839761
0.0196973134
0.0096709584
0.0433982993
0.1434171769
0.0316856031
0.0216409618
0.0086178215
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
0.0517731946
0.0318242041
0.0078231476
0.007672429
0.0067406932
0.0437558241
0.0434219576
0.0099899193
0.0095869972
0.0057519761
0.0412687938
0.0623659021
0.0117089327
0.0115459524
0.0054027109
0.043166632
0.1064444423
0.013380164
0.0160054188
0.0050846469
0.0423879841
0.1369722411
0.0144533542
0.0161476483
0.004787905
Annex Table 4.5: Technology structure of MVA in developing regions (%)
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
1980
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RB
LT
MHT
RB MVA
1.0%
1.1%
0.8%
0.9%
0.9%
0.4%
0.4%
0.6%
0.7%
0.7%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Technical change alters the organisation of production and trade
Globalization raises the role of MNCs in innovation, technology transfer, production and particularly exports. Around 2/3 of world trade is handled by MNCs, about 1/3 is within companies
Thus: globalization offers new markets and mobile resources but competing for these calls for more than primary resources or cheap labour – it requires the ability to harness innovation
Harnessing innovation and globalization needs more than opening up to trade or FDI: it needs building capabilities to use new technologies efficiently and moving up the technology scale
Use the off-slide area to create effects
Productive factors, including highly skilled labour, are increasingly mobile - through FDI but also various other means
One major driver of mobility is the search for low cost production and service sites
But increasing mobility does not mean factors spread themselves evenly over poor countries: efficient production requires local capabilities to complement the mobile factors
Thus, globalization needs efficient ‘localisation’: countries must provide the technical, skill, quality and reliability needs of competitive production
Efficient ‘localisation’ involves far more than passive opening up ...
Technologies cannot be effectively used by developing economies just by opening up to global trade, technology or capital flows
Technology cannot be fully embodied in machines, licences or people: it has strong tacit elements
These tacit elements need time, investment and effort: to understand, adapt, use & improve technologies – to build new capabilities
Such effort generally faces pervasive market and institutional failures: within the firm, between firms and between enterprises and factor markets & institutions.
Proactive strategies, often selective in nature, are essential for industrial success
Policies are necessary at all levels, but more at lower levels where market/institutional failures are greater
For poor countries without significant industrial sectors: to promote basic industrialization, without which sustained development, export growth and modernization are almost impossible
For newly-industrializing economies: to move up the value chain, enter new areas of competitiveness and dynamism
For advanced countries, to sustain growth & employment, keep ahead of competition from NIEs and promote skill and innovation system
The impact of globalization is necessarily very uneven, across activities, regions and countries. There is a growing wedge between the technological ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ in the developing world. Why?
1. Minimum entry levels are rising
2. Leads and lags are cumulative: learning and agglomeration externalities
3. Capacity to overcome market failures is very limited in most lagging countries
4. Governments have withdrawn from industrial policy
5. ‘Rules of the game’ and indirect pressures constrain policy space available to intervene
Interestingly, Easterly and Levine reach similar conclusions on variations in GDP growth
The ‘residual’ rather than factor accumulation accounts for most income/growth differences
Income diverges over the long run
Factor accumulation is persistent but growth is not, latter varies ‘remarkably’ by country
Economic activity is highly concentrated, with productive factors flowing to richest areas
National policies are closely associated with long-run economic growth rates
W. Easterly and R. Levine, ‘It’s not factor accumulation: stylized facts and growth model’, 2002, Central Bank of Chile, WP 164
I illustrate divergence in manufacturing with data on production, exports and technological performance for 1980-2000
Technological performance is shown by dividing production and exports by technical sophistication – a crude but useful tool
I also consider some structural ‘drivers’ of competitive performance: skills, FDI, domestic technological effort, licensing and infrastructure.
This benchmarking, conducted for UNIDO & IDB, cannot quantify policy parameters – I don’t trust normal measures of openness, good governance etc. (and don’t agree with Easterly and Levine on what constitutes ‘good policies’)
RB (Resource based): e.g. food, wood & forestry products, processed minerals, petroleum products
LT (Low technology): e.g. textiles, clothing, footwear, toys, sports goods, simple metal products
MT (Medium technology): e.g. automotive products, TVs, machinery, chemicals, steel
HT (High technology): Advanced ICT and electricals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, precision instruments
Compare two leading industrial regions in developing world: LAC and East Asia
Shares of HT products in manufacturing output in OECD 7, EA 5 and LAC 14
US National Science Board
LAC versus EA: former remains heavily dependent on RB while EA moves rapidly into MHT
Chart7
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
MVA shares
MVA str
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0.6%
0.7%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
-0.0%
China
1.3%
1.9%
2.4%
4.9%
6.9%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
Mexico
Figure 16: World shares of RB MVA in LAC and East Asia (%)
0.0342657307
0.0144739848
0.0785592062
0.0162222891
0.0426586316
0.0221830622
0.0725938733
0.0170433215
0.0530721754
0.0295577742
0.0618756188
0.0170508017
0.0595750775
0.0614815831
0.0646135401
0.0165334266
0.0624145853
0.074978687
0.0598581167
0.0196392239
Mexico
Figure 17: World shares of LT MVA in LAC and East Asia (%)
0.0362286953
0.0195272299
0.0568995733
0.0128874623
0.0462002243
0.0223247932
0.0484404166
0.011305922
0.0601234677
0.0311280181
0.0437492459
0.0102583923
0.0746674962
0.0538276274
0.0365917813
0.0102050397
0.0749483978
0.0684687791
0.0306911357
0.0127071636
Mexico
Figure 18: World shares of MHT MVA in LAC and East Asia (%)
0.018856307
0.0129678971
0.043998128
0.0077750666
0.0240355594
0.0193863982
0.0366416119
0.0071142122
0.0379605643
0.0244053379
0.0337410099
0.0075277839
0.0572786946
0.0491657477
0.0359449702
0.0072216617
0.0675611356
0.0694111055
0.0332489011
0.0091390829
Exports
LAC
LAC
LAC
1980
1990
2000
Figure 3: Value of MVA in developing regions ($ billion), 1990 prices
245.48875
254.10474
324.72038
150.22103
346.16694
855.14581
31.22757
62.03978
109.64562
55.37557
92.8104
140.74469
31.78159
39.21953
44.25843
0.0315454686
0.0654818676
-0.0137715269
-0.0008484706
0.0043338817
0.0032646829
0.0044778613
0.0046948736
-0.000457455
-0.0010770076
Latin America (exc. Mexico)
Figure 15: World MVA shares of Latin America and East Asia (%)
0.0410246485
0.0263976564
0.0670418095
0.0559692612
0.0535272471
0.0328812452
0.0587414515
0.0482553224
0.072570117
0.0456759541
0.0532702826
0.0427909745
0.1138166579
0.0606232276
0.053900283
0.0437183639
0.1380519846
0.0672997222
0.052421812
0.0399508629
0.0263976564
0.0146269921
0.0559692612
0.0110725483
0.0328812452
0.0206460019
0.0482553224
0.0104861291
0.0456759541
0.0268941629
0.0427909745
0.0104793081
0.0606232276
0.0531934303
0.0437183639
0.0101819191
0.0672997222
0.0707522624
0.0399508629
0.0124709492
Productivity
1980
1980
1980
1980
1985
1985
1985
1985
1990
1990
1990
1990
1995
1995
1995
1995
2000
2000
2000
2000
0.0342657307
0.0144739848
0.0785592062
0.0162222891
0.0426586316
0.0221830622
0.0725938733
0.0170433215
0.0530721754
0.0295577742
0.0618756188
0.0170508017
0.0595750775
0.0614815831
0.0646135401
0.0165334266
0.0624145853
0.074978687
0.0598581167
0.0196392239
0.0362286953
0.0195272299
0.0568995733
0.0128874623
0.0462002243
0.0223247932
0.0484404166
0.011305922
0.0601234677
0.0311280181
0.0437492459
0.0102583923
0.0746674962
0.0538276274
0.0365917813
0.0102050397
0.0749483978
0.0684687791
0.0306911357
0.0127071636
0.018856307
0.0129678971
0.043998128
0.0077750666
0.0240355594
0.0193863982
0.0366416119
0.0071142122
0.0379605643
0.0244053379
0.0337410099
0.0075277839
0.0572786946
0.0491657477
0.0359449702
0.0072216617
0.0675611356
0.0694111055
0.0332489011
0.0091390829
1980
1990
2000
1985
1995
1980
2000
LT
LT
LT
MHT
MHT
MHT
LT
LT
LT
MHT
MHT
MHT
1980
1990
2000
Evolution of the MVA structure in Latin America and East Asia (%)
0.3896011935
0.3869690113
0.4038389891
0.1974276622
0.1723922584
0.1242935537
0.4129711443
0.4406387303
0.4718674572
0.3868031143
0.3776644965
0.3989923411
0.1928139335
0.1738465067
0.1153386115
0.4203829522
0.4484889967
0.4856690474
0.3274014297
0.2973845798
0.2650272238
0.257765707
0.2138108278
0.1559719272
0.4148328633
0.4888045924
0.579000849
0.3577149375
0.3034715919
0.2469678905
0.2602952856
0.223822616
0.1672002818
0.3819897768
0.4727057921
0.5858318277
0.2551779363
0.2447462144
0.172980054
0.142745963
0.5718420097
0.6125078225
0.3713578209
0.3168299963
0.2256976926
0.1568894042
0.4029444865
0.5262805995
1980
2000
1980
2000
1980
1990
2000
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
East Asia and LAC: Changes in shares of developing world MVA (%)
0.0645380403
0.0765058991
0.0965968579
0.047285376
0.0313741837
0.0529047764
0.0100192932
-0.0002042941
0.0331638566
0.0236011227
0.0865775647
0.0474896702
-0.083381181
-0.0702181323
-0.0664662122
-0.03180424
1980
1990
2000
Figure 3: East Asia and LAC, shares of developing world MVA (%)
1980-90
1990-2000
Figure 4: East Asia and LAC, changes in shares of developing world MVA (%)
COUNTRY
YEAR
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
Industrialized
RB
-0.6%
13.2%
6.0%
1.5%
Industrialized
RB
-0.6%
13.2%
6.0%
1.5%
LT
0.2%
15.3%
5.9%
0.6%
LT
0.2%
15.3%
5.9%
0.6%
MT
1.1%
14.6%
6.3%
1.9%
MT
1.1%
14.6%
6.3%
1.9%
HT
6.1%
16.2%
9.9%
7.0%
HT
6.1%
16.2%
9.9%
7.0%
Developing
RB
1.9%
5.4%
11.4%
5.3%
Developing
RB
1.9%
5.4%
11.4%
5.3%
LT
6.0%
16.3%
11.3%
4.9%
LT
6.0%
16.3%
11.3%
4.9%
MT
9.4%
17.5%
17.1%
6.6%
MT
9.4%
17.5%
17.1%
6.6%
HT
10.1%
26.9%
25.6%
13.3%
HT
10.1%
26.9%
25.6%
13.3%
Figure 10: Growth rates of manufactured exports by technology (% p.a.)
-0.0061876112
0.1315983768
0.0604503545
0.0154812021
0.0023067316
0.1533776969
0.0592155765
0.0057464872
0.0111028826
0.1459980692
0.0627731756
0.0194678093
0.0608106845
0.161749949
0.0991398099
0.0696359233
0.0185907414
0.0543969943
0.1136701713
0.0525858529
0.0604788042
0.1627793061
0.1130297243
0.0486640589
0.0938504056
0.1747119373
0.1708630316
0.0661983782
0.101092089
0.2687112838
0.256154968
0.1332693461
-0.0061876112
0.1315983768
0.0604503545
0.0154812021
0.0185907414
0.0543969943
0.1136701713
0.0525858529
0.0023067316
0.1533776969
0.0592155765
0.0057464872
0.0604788042
0.1627793061
0.1130297243
0.0486640589
0.0111028826
0.1459980692
0.0627731756
0.0194678093
0.0938504056
0.1747119373
0.1708630316
0.0661983782
0.0608106845
0.161749949
0.0991398099
0.0696359233
0.101092089
0.2687112838
0.256154968
0.1332693461
WMS
TOTAL
1981
1985
1990
1995
2000
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
1981
1985
1990
1995
2000
World
1,223,605
1,316,306
2,590,314
3,948,819
4,865,060
World
33.0%
31.6%
53.6%
75.5%
78.1%
World
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1981-90
1990-2000
12.2%
14.1%
15.4%
21.9%
26.4%
Note: MVA data are in constant and export data in current dollars.
World market shares of manufactured exports by developing regions
1981
1990
2000
China
1.0%
2.6%
6.5%
1981-90
1990-2000
China ($318 b.)
Mexico ($144 b.)
MENA ($79 b.)
SSA ($30 b.)
WMS in 1981
WMS in 2000
Figure 5: World market shares for manufactured products in 1981 & 2000, and values of manufactured exports in 2000 ($ billion)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1981-90
1990-2000
Figure 6: Changes in world market shares for manufactures (% points)
Argentina
Brazil
Malaysia
Mexico
Elecfinish
1,098,715
21,382,824
0.60%
4.66%
4.1%
31.0%
Elecfinish
1,232,033
1,775,766
0.67%
0.39%
-0.3%
3.4%
Elecfinish
47,780,272
184,885,529
25.98%
40.26%
14.3%
13.1%
Malaysia
Elecfinish
6,149,389
29,500,749
3.34%
6.42%
3.1%
15.3%
Mexico
Elecfinish
482,686
20,468,841
0.26%
4.46%
4.2%
40.6%
Malaysia
Mexico
Electparts
338,664
7,028,198
0.4%
3.3%
2.8%
31.7%
Electparts
363,556
1,828,558
0.5%
0.8%
0.4%
15.8%
Electparts
16,365,410
81,235,372
21.0%
37.7%
16.7%
15.7%
Malaysia
Electparts
1,697,504
11,342,499
2.2%
5.3%
3.1%
18.8%
Mexico
Electparts
156,878
5,711,649
0.2%
2.7%
2.4%
38.7%
LAC (22)
Bubble size indicates exports of finished electronics in 2001 (US$ b)
LAC excl. Mexico (1.7)
Korea (25)
Mexico (20)
China (27)
Malaysia (29)
Taiwan (28)
Change in the world market share for finished electronics products (1990-2001)
Annual growth rate of exports of finished electronics products (1990-2001)
Figure 45: World market shares and growth rates, finished electronic exports by LAC and East Asia (1990-2001)
0.2456974766
0.0732353416
0.3097794495
0.0337917362
0.130897173
0.1532120922
0.4058792609
0.1123525549
27450043.7772217
25681245.6781311
21382823.7547264
1775766.32134247
184885529.288757
29500749.0639648
20468840.6820374
28773525.1258698
0
0
0.0685338273
0
0.0263123133
0.0282779195
0.0038218168
0.167039893
0.0308638545
0.024499788
0.0120161358
0
LAC (7)
Bubble size indicates exports of parts & components of electronics in 2001 (US$ b)
Korea (10)
Mexico (5.7)
China (16)
Malaysia (11)
Taiwan (13.6)
Change in the world market share for parts and components of electronics products (1990-2001)
Annual growth rate of exports of parts and components of electronics products (1990-2001)
Figure 46: World market shares and growth rates, electronics parts and components exports by LAC and East Asia (1990-2001)
0.369924991
0.1838522437
0.3174498771
0.1581800967
0.1567944816
0.1884768065
0.3865237558
0.1179780145
16165534.3617706
9978470.23498535
7028198.34206963
1828557.96165085
81235371.8747711
11342498.7276611
5711649.49385071
13684283.615387
Value
WMS
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
Export
Autofinish
10,797,872
0.36%
2.87%
2.5%
27.3%
19.9%
15.6%
19.5%
39.4%
9.8%
21.2%
19.2%
Export
Autofinish
758,947
3,255,597
10,797,872
0.36%
1.12%
2.87%
33.8%
22.1%
27.3%
Import
1,053,983
4,736,843
11,063,560
35.1%
18.5%
23.8%
-295,036
-1,481,246
-265,689
Export
Autofinish
26,915,747
1.75%
7.16%
5.4%
19.9%
Export
Autofinish
3,655,961
11,804,765
26,915,747
1.75%
4.05%
7.16%
26.4%
14.7%
19.9%
Import
2,789,561
13,196,654
16,279,218
36.5%
4.3%
17.4%
866,400
-1,391,889
10,636,529
Export
Autofinish
4,976,049
0.48%
1.32%
0.8%
15.6%
Export
Autofinish
1,009,815
2,422,405
4,976,049
0.48%
0.83%
1.32%
19.1%
12.7%
15.6%
Import
2,272,384
12,458,810
9,323,395
40.5%
-5.6%
13.7%
-1,262,569
-10,036,405
-4,347,346
Export
Autofinish
15,722,040
1.06%
4.18%
3.1%
19.5%
Export
Autofinish
2,216,974
9,281,746
15,722,040
1.06%
3.19%
4.18%
33.2%
9.2%
19.5%
Import
6,632,280
14,874,439
8,751,184
17.5%
-10.1%
2.6%
-4,415,305
-5,592,693
6,970,856
Malaysia
Export
Autofinish
60,889
0.04%
0.02%
-0.0%
-2.6%
Malaysia
Export
Autofinish
81,060
176,700
60,889
0.04%
0.06%
0.02%
16.9%
-16.3%
-2.6%
Import
1,065,803
2,227,014
1,172,759
15.9%
-12.0%
0.9%
-984,742
-2,050,314
-1,111,870
Mexico
Export
Autofinish
21,939,069
1.27%
5.83%
4.6%
21.2%
Mexico
Export
Autofinish
2,646,146
9,382,021
21,939,069
1.27%
3.22%
5.83%
28.8%
15.2%
21.2%
Import
419,812
577,012
6,634,562
6.6%
63.0%
28.5%
2,226,335
8,805,009
15,304,508
Mexico
Argentina
Export
Autoparts
132,501
546,161
426,642
0.16%
0.45%
0.32%
32.7%
-4.0%
11.2%
Import
145,025
867,733
800,426
43.0%
-1.6%
16.8%
-12,525
-321,572
-373,784
1990
1995
2001
1990-2001
Brazil
Export
Autoparts
1,583,973
0.72%
1.17%
0.5%
9.3%
1.1%
0.3%
-3.2%
0.2%
0.5%
4.3%
0.7%
-0.6%
3.6%
Brazil
Export
Autoparts
593,900
1,470,855
1,583,973
0.72%
1.22%
1.17%
19.9%
1.2%
9.3%
Import
387,525
1,486,052
1,644,909
30.8%
2.1%
14.0%
206,375
-15,197
-60,936
Automobiles
Export
Autoparts
5,257,813
0.93%
3.89%
3.0%
19.1%
Export
Autoparts
766,790
1,377,497
5,257,813
0.93%
1.14%
3.89%
12.4%
25.0%
19.1%
Import
949,812
2,015,285
5,577,569
16.2%
22.6%
17.5%
-183,022
-637,788
-319,756
Export
Autoparts
7,879,731
1.51%
5.82%
4.3%
18.3%
Export
Autoparts
1,242,880
4,689,639
7,879,731
1.51%
3.89%
5.82%
30.4%
9.0%
18.3%
Import
4,134,219
6,380,820
14,721,356
9.1%
18.2%
12.2%
-2,891,339
-1,691,181
-6,841,625
Export
Autoparts
2,300,305
1.00%
1.70%
0.7%
9.8%
Export
Autoparts
825,870
2,190,639
2,300,305
1.00%
1.82%
1.70%
21.5%
0.8%
9.8%
Import
1,083,499
3,248,903
3,499,610
24.6%
1.5%
11.2%
-257,629
-1,058,265
-1,199,305
Developing
6.39%
10.19%
14.61%
13.8%
Export
Autoparts
6,841,009
5.67%
5.06%
-0.6%
3.5%
Export
Autoparts
4,684,582
3,245,065
6,841,009
5.67%
2.69%
5.06%
-7.1%
13.2%
3.5%
Import
8,072,409
10,938,911
8,719,257
6.3%
-4.4%
0.7%
-3,387,827
-7,693,846
-1,878,248
Malaysia
Export
Autoparts
133,329
0.02%
0.10%
0.1%
19.7%
Malaysia
Export
Autoparts
18,475
78,419
133,329
0.02%
0.07%
0.10%
33.5%
9.2%
19.7%
Import
125,208
300,950
286,255
19.2%
-1.0%
7.8%
-106,734
-222,531
-152,926
Mexico
Export
Autoparts
5,579,261
0.50%
4.12%
3.6%
26.6%
Mexico
Export
Autoparts
416,801
2,498,895
5,579,261
0.50%
2.07%
4.12%
43.1%
14.3%
26.6%
Import
3,029,536
3,103,870
11,192,689
0.5%
29.2%
12.6%
-2,612,735
-604,975
-5,613,428
Export
Carengfin
4,069,898
0.26%
12.80%
12.5%
51.3%
Export
Carengfin
42,879
89,119
4,069,898
0.26%
0.35%
12.80%
15.8%
89.1%
51.3%
Import
129,965
461,243
1,135,115
28.8%
19.7%
21.8%
-87,086
-372,124
2,934,783
Export
Carengfin
2,466,417
10.61%
7.76%
-2.9%
3.2%
Mexico
Export
Carengfin
1,749,804
2,514,041
2,466,417
10.61%
9.98%
7.76%
7.5%
-0.3%
3.2%
Import
173,666
965,233
2,611,163
40.9%
22.0%
27.9%
1,576,138
1,548,808
-144,746
Export
Carengfin
524,082
2.70%
1.65%
-1.1%
1.5%
-0.1%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
-1.1%
-2.9%
-1.1%
0.7%
-1.8%
Export
Carengfin
445,738
390,817
524,082
2.70%
1.55%
1.65%
-2.6%
5.0%
1.5%
Import
145,155
582,877
601,614
32.1%
0.6%
13.8%
300,583
-192,060
-77,531
Export
Carengfin
399,096
0.53%
1.26%
0.7%
14.8%
3.3%
26.7%
28.1%
7.3%
1.0%
3.2%
1.5%
14.8%
3.7%
Export
Carengfin
87,452
286,629
399,096
0.53%
1.14%
1.26%
26.8%
5.7%
14.8%
Import
977,973
2,072,263
1,218,301
16.2%
-10.1%
2.0%
-890,521
-1,785,634
-819,205
Malaysia
Export
Carengfin
6,227
0.00%
0.02%
0.0%
34.7%
82,267.3
124,105.2
119,176.1
48,549.2
471,946.9
2,466,416.9
524,082.2
399,096.4
1,942,334.2
Malaysia
Export
Carengfin
235
1,050
6,227
0.00%
0.00%
0.02%
34.9%
34.5%
34.7%
Import
54,233
129,883
246,467
19.1%
13.7%
14.8%
-53,998
-128,833
-240,240
Mexico
Export
Carengfin
1,942,334
7.91%
6.11%
-1.8%
3.7%
Mexico
Export
Carengfin
1,304,066
2,123,218
1,942,334
7.91%
8.43%
6.11%
10.2%
-1.5%
3.7%
Import
28,510
381,326
2,008,113
68.0%
39.4%
47.2%
1,275,555
1,741,892
-65,779
Export
Carengpart
819,853
0.67%
3.42%
2.8%
22.5%
Export
Carengpart
88,307
207,768
819,853
0.67%
1.02%
3.42%
18.7%
25.7%
22.5%
Import
77,057
197,641
2,150,819
20.7%
61.2%
35.3%
11,250
10,127
-1,330,966
Export
Carengpart
1,985,177
3.87%
8.28%
4.4%
13.1%
Export
Carengpart
512,115
1,160,920
1,985,177
3.87%
5.71%
8.28%
17.8%
9.4%
13.1%
Import
560,122
1,453,922
2,511,091
21.0%
11.5%
14.6%
-48,007
-293,002
-525,914
Export
Carengpart
749,649
3.30%
3.13%
-0.2%
5.0%
Export
Carengpart
437,019
697,177
749,649
3.30%
3.43%
3.13%
9.8%
1.2%
5.0%
Import
417,709
778,378
901,585
13.3%
3.0%
7.2%
19,310
-81,201
-151,937
Export
Carengpart
822,618
1.83%
3.43%
1.6%
11.7%
Export
Carengpart
242,710
584,506
822,618
1.83%
2.88%
3.43%
19.2%
5.9%
11.7%
Import
1,286,773
2,853,879
2,635,493
17.3%
-1.6%
6.7%
-1,044,063
-2,269,373
-1,812,875
Malaysia
Export
Carengpart
17,279
0.02%
0.07%
0.1%
21.6%
Malaysia
Export
Carengpart
2,004
9,803
17,279
0.02%
0.05%
0.07%
37.4%
9.9%
21.6%
Import
80,548
105,129
77,724
5.5%
-5.9%
-0.3%
-78,544
-95,326
-60,445
Mexico
Export
Carengpart
1,235,495
0.57%
5.15%
4.6%
29.0%
Mexico
Export
Carengpart
75,096
463,733
1,235,495
0.57%
2.28%
5.15%
43.9%
17.7%
29.0%
Import
142,413
665,687
1,598,386
36.1%
19.1%
24.6%
-67,317
-201,954
-362,891
Mexico
Export
cyclesfin
176,186
0.3%
1.4%
1.1%
22.7%
Export
cyclesfin
18,562
103,931
176,186
0.3%
1.0%
1.4%
41.1%
9.2%
22.7%
Import
26,619
113,936
193,103
33.7%
11.1%
19.7%
-8,057
-10,005
-16,918
Export
cyclesfin
157,033
0.4%
1.2%
0.8%
17.5%
Export
cyclesfin
26,755
73,962
157,033
0.4%
0.7%
1.2%
22.6%
13.4%
17.5%
Import
134,946
378,885
383,524
22.9%
0.2%
10.0%
-108,191
-304,924
-226,492
Export
cyclesfin
83,479
0.4%
0.7%
0.2%
11.6%
Export
cyclesfin
25,003
45,983
83,479
0.4%
0.4%
0.7%
13.0%
10.4%
11.6%
Import
88,257
353,234
271,178
32.0%
-5.1%
10.7%
-63,254
-307,252
-187,699
Export
cyclesfin
3,092,990
23.2%
24.1%
0.9%
7.6%
Export
cyclesfin
1,383,982
2,944,526
3,092,990
23.2%
27.5%
24.1%
16.3%
0.8%
7.6%
Import
443,307
1,736,170
483,642
31.4%
-22.6%
0.8%
940,675
1,208,356
2,609,348
Malaysia
Export
cyclesfin
17,442
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
7.3%
Malaysia
Export
cyclesfin
8,052
21,608
17,442
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
21.8%
-3.5%
7.3%
Import
32,951
94,557
11,321
23.5%
-34.6%
-9.3%
-24,899
-72,949
6,121
Mexico
Export
cyclesfin
73,483
0.0%
0.6%
0.5%
41.5%
Mexico
Export
cyclesfin
1,609
27,943
73,483
0.0%
0.3%
0.6%
77.0%
17.5%
41.5%
Import
43,358
15,819
103,547
-18.3%
45.6%
8.2%
-41,749
12,124
-30,063
Export
cyclespart
106,891
1.16%
1.73%
0.6%
8.6%
Export
cyclespart
43,208
81,120
106,891
1.16%
1.25%
1.73%
13.4%
4.7%
8.6%
Import
33,914
148,510
168,742
34.4%
2.6%
15.7%
9,294
-67,390
-61,851
Export
cyclespart
46,765
0.31%
0.75%
0.4%
13.4%
Export
cyclespart
11,710
25,030
46,765
0.31%
0.39%
0.75%
16.4%
11.0%
13.4%
Import
88,734
364,564
397,087
32.7%
1.7%
14.6%
-77,023
-339,534
-350,321
Export
cyclespart
18,252
0.21%
0.29%
0.1%
7.9%
Export
cyclespart
7,886
13,759
18,252
0.21%
0.21%
0.29%
11.8%
4.8%
7.9%
Import
52,038
321,221
261,888
43.9%
-4.0%
15.8%
-44,152
-307,462
-243,636
Export
cyclespart
2,465,453
24.33%
39.80%
15.5%
9.5%
Export
cyclespart
908,550
2,448,330
2,465,453
24.33%
37.82%
39.80%
21.9%
0.1%
9.5%
Import
1,003,143
2,319,814
1,337,862
18.3%
-10.4%
2.7%
-94,593
128,516
1,127,591
Malaysia
Export
cyclespart
110,583
0.35%
1.79%
1.4%
21.3%
Malaysia
Export
cyclespart
13,242
109,892
110,583
0.35%
1.70%
1.79%
52.7%
0.1%
21.3%
Import
33,941
78,642
51,633
18.3%
-8.1%
3.9%
-20,699
31,250
58,950
Mexico
Export
cyclespart
28,486
0.10%
0.46%
0.4%
20.1%
Mexico
Export
cyclespart
3,796
11,233
28,486
0.10%
0.17%
0.46%
24.2%
16.8%
20.1%
Import
31,825
36,964
129,099
3.0%
28.4%
13.6%
-28,028
-25,731
-100,612
Export
trailerfin
457,726
1.64%
5.83%
4.2%
16.5%
Export
trailerfin
85,019
259,623
457,726
1.64%
3.47%
5.83%
25.0%
9.9%
16.5%
Import
7,811
241,847
587,353
98.7%
19.4%
48.1%
77,209
17,777
-129,627
Export
trailerfin
269,206
0.48%
3.43%
2.9%
24.1%
Export
trailerfin
25,125
270,323
269,206
0.48%
3.61%
3.43%
60.8%
-0.1%
24.1%
Import
99,327
180,723
264,474
12.7%
7.9%
9.3%
-74,202
89,600
4,732
Export
trailerfin
29,117
0.16%
0.37%
0.2%
12.4%
Export
trailerfin
8,046
38,776
29,117
0.16%
0.52%
0.37%
37.0%
-4.7%
12.4%
Import
34,994
120,015
101,633
28.0%
-3.3%
10.2%
-26,948
-81,239
-72,515
Export
trailerfin
2,542,673
32.62%
32.40%
-0.2%
3.8%
Export
trailerfin
1,691,612
2,651,121
2,542,673
32.62%
35.42%
32.40%
9.4%
-0.7%
3.8%
Import
163,410
302,281
213,737
13.1%
-6.7%
2.5%
1,528,203
2,348,839
2,328,936
Malaysia
Export
trailerfin
30,911
0.08%
0.39%
0.3%
20.2%
Malaysia
Export
trailerfin
4,101
73,563
30,911
0.08%
0.98%
0.39%
78.1%
-13.5%
20.2%
Import
4,286
8,852
9,509
15.6%
1.4%
7.5%
-185
64,711
21,401
Mexico
Export
trailerfin
237,699
0.33%
3.03%
2.7%
27.1%
Mexico
Export
trailerfin
17,061
231,519
237,699
0.33%
3.09%
3.03%
68.5%
0.4%
27.1%
Import
62,795
56,561
159,093
-2.1%
23.0%
8.8%
-45,734
174,958
78,606
Export
trailerpar
292,466
0.97%
12.10%
11.1%
31.5%
Export
trailerpar
14,382
165,614
292,466
0.97%
7.44%
12.10%
63.0%
9.9%
31.5%
Import
13,101
72,818
184,852
40.9%
20.5%
27.2%
1,280
92,797
107,614
Export
trailerpar
20,869
0.23%
0.86%
0.6%
18.0%
Export
trailerpar
3,386
10,200
20,869
0.23%
0.46%
0.86%
24.7%
12.7%
18.0%
Import
12,586
68,416
113,938
40.3%
10.7%
22.2%
-9,199
-58,216
-93,069
Export
trailerpar
3,651
0.18%
0.15%
-0.0%
3.0%
Export
trailerpar
2,626
5,010
3,651
0.18%
0.23%
0.15%
13.8%
-5.1%
3.0%
Import
7,041
26,371
22,223
30.2%
-3.4%
11.0%
-4,415
-21,360
-18,572
Export
trailerpar
236,574
7.51%
9.78%
2.3%
7.0%
Export
trailerpar
111,850
157,957
236,574
7.51%
7.10%
9.78%
7.1%
7.0%
7.0%
Import
71,946
137,159
69,878
13.8%
-12.6%
-0.3%
39,904
20,798
166,696
Malaysia
Export
trailerpar
5,743
0.12%
0.24%
0.1%
11.6%
Malaysia
Export
trailerpar
1,713
6,071
5,743
0.12%
0.27%
0.24%
28.8%
-0.9%
11.6%
Import
15,596
25,656
14,154
10.5%
-11.2%
-0.9%
-13,883
-19,585
-8,411
Mexico
Export
trailerpar
17,166
0.05%
0.71%
0.7%
32.8%
Mexico
Export
trailerpar
761
5,141
17,166
0.05%
0.23%
0.71%
46.5%
22.3%
32.8%
Import
5,335
41,393
90,480
50.6%
16.9%
29.3%
-4,574
-36,252
-73,314
1990-1995
1995-2001
Figure 39: Growth of world MT exports, automobiles and car engines
0.0805669881
0.0224428789
0.0690162111
0.043554322
0.0786540859
0.0193940496
0.0884457891
0.0395963062
0.0894590185
0.0278276339
0.0540274341
0.0083877978
0.0311681177
0.0039097309
0.0024862116
0.0456379632
0.0260413577
Latin America (26)
Bubble size indicates exports of finished automobiles in 2001 (US$ b)
Latin America, excl. Mexico (5)
East Asia (15)
Change in the world market share for finished products (1990-2001)
Annual growth rate of exports of finished products (1990-2001)
Figure 41: World market shares and growth rates of finished automobile exports, LAC and East Asia (1990-2001)
0.1989984604
0.1560258378
0.1949252724
0.3941151292
0.0977689714
0.212019157
0.1924204393
26915747.2271118
4976048.5554657
15722039.9775543
1542691.42385864
2643720.32214355
21939069.2849274
13241381.3499298
0.0110970728
0.0031695937
-0.0315149837
0.0015486114
0.0045145461
0.043186082
0.0069995943
-0.0061712041
0.0361877948
Latin America (7.8)
Bubble size indicates exports of parts and components in 2001 (US$ b)
Latin America, excl. Mexico (2.3)
East Asia (6.8)
Mexico (5.5)
Brazil (1.5)
China (1.3)
Taiwan (1.6)
Change in the world market share for parts and components (1990-2001)
Annual growth rate of parts and components exports (1990-2001)
Figure 42: World market shares and growth rates of exports of parts and components of automobiles, LAC and East Asia (1990-2001)
0.2042846147
0.0755932082
-0.0807050977
0.1121612948
0.09327752
0.1828142754
0.0975973793
0.0350228535
0.2659673677
1905536.96200562
1618811.08882141
1360210.4960022
426642.242919922
1583973.45300293
7879730.92060852
2300305.30062866
6841009.20454407
5579260.53399658
-0.0008954842
0.003347995
0.0032722781
0.0001659384
-0.0107993604
-0.0285583071
-0.0105518435
0.0072471063
-0.0180064774
Latin America (2.4)
Bubble size indicates exports of finished car engines in 2001 (US$ b)
East Asia (0.4)
Mexico (1.9)
Brazil (0.5)
China (0.1)
Thailand (0.1)
Change in the world market share of finished car engines (1990-2001)
Annual growth rate of finished car engines exports (1990-2001)
Figure 43: World market shares and growth rates of finished car engines, LAC & East Asia (1990-2001)
0.0332235461
0.2674889242
0.2806545292
0.0726842211
0.0100503777
0.0316977175
0.0148286244
0.1479874906
0.0368823929
82267.3439941406
124105.170898438
119176.075927734
48549.1679992676
471946.913085938
2466416.89208984
524082.227096558
399096.435150146
1942334.2250061
0.0052816998
0.0036352073
0.0088983713
0.0015894717
-0.0033916721
0.0441633401
-0.0017177224
0.0159976144
0.0458796818
Latin America (1.9)
Bubble size indicates exports of parts and components of car engines in 2001 (US$ b)
East Asia (0.8)
Mexico (1.2)
Brazil (0.6)
China (0.2)
Thailand (0.1)
Change in the world market share of parts and components of car engines (1990-2001)
Annual growth rate of parts and components of car engines (1990-2001)
Figure 44: World market shares and growth rates of exports of parts and components of car engines, LAC and East Asia (1990-2001)
0.1789911076
0.2621686817
0.2521945856
0.1068137842
0.0440045807
0.1310812736
0.0502803682
0.1173568165
0.2899290114
179753.562011719
101276.641601563
251635.225097656
93505.9719238281
641038.480957031
1985176.91804504
749648.598068237
822617.996551514
1235495.22900391
Argentina
Brazil
Changes
1990
2000
1990
2000
Argentina
Brazil
0.0111334577
0.0064597773
0.0119789507
0.0076401608
0.013478129
-0.000878182
0.0184322693
-0.0013079802
0.0263905957
0.0110013324
0.0277052188
-0.0011439615
0.0021883237
-0.0589515959
0.0923389834
0.0219593235
0.0001900858
0.0019609422
0.0016505725
0.0569827103
0.0434468971
0.0008136105
0.0009782197
0.0259386708
-0.0038710239
0.0076910882
0.0027552077
0.0017164405
0.025323751
0.0242540081
0.0196933532
0.0000243035
0.0009050963
0.0210115512
0.0245909262
0.039160048
-0.0000135273
0.0017082139
0.1040970401
0.0405548257
0.0180976137
0.0008548853
0.0009347302
0.013757602
0.0122095117
0.0802516893
-0.0216890038
0.1260759921
0.1048875225
0.1358081948
0.1037074536
0.13
0.08
0.2063576905
0.1699800674
0.0857208063
0.0487125391
0.1156690273
0.1248082972
1981-90
1990-2000
1981-90
1990-2000
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0.76%
1.02%
1.92%
5.56%
12.92%
13.72%
7.86%
18.38%
10.98%
85.82%
67.67%
73.39%
0.5445145128
0.2334787622
0.4129432252
0.144940179
0.8582161708
0.7338700865
0.5016052544
0.3734402863
0.2839246296
0.1183275498
0.1553985124
0.1684500798
0.1732350155
0.1720364197
0.078567686
0.1098211564
0.2558596995
0.2646508146
0.4075106925
0.2497755123
0.2041792273
0.3588602775
0.2740673733
0.4068562746
0.0556298754
0.1371505219
0.1770808754
0.1514073676
0.1958550553
0.2149138234
0.0959077475
0.2392108806
0.1397543861
0.2761671267
0.0075862678
0.0191582352
0.0654541707
0.2105015315
0.1127096226
0.4169831146
0.5445145128
0.2334787622
0.1553985124
0.1684500798
0.2041792273
0.3588602775
0.0959077475
0.2392108806
0.4129432252
0.144940179
0.1732350155
0.1720364197
0.2740673733
0.4068562746
0.1397543861
0.2761671267
0.8582161708
0.7338700865
0.078567686
0.1098211564
0.0556298754
0.1371505219
0.0075862678
0.0191582352
0.5016052544
0.3734402863
0.2558596995
0.2646508146
0.1770808754
0.1514073676
0.0654541707
0.2105015315
0.2839246296
0.1183275498
0.4075106925
0.2497755123
0.1958550553
0.2149138234
0.1127096226
0.4169831146
China
China
1981-90
1990-2000
Figure 29: Growth rates, all mfd exports, LAC 18 & E Asia
0.0751147096
0.0684203971
0.0652037134
0.0624306123
0.0947504401
0.26526305
0.0754968126
0.1657864112
0.0273008473
0.0977409074
0.0087699326
0.1201427224
0.0532508648
0.1480407827
0.1538942815
0.1158016432
0.2063576905
0.1699800674
Arg
Arg
Brazil
Brazil
Mex
Mex
Figure 29: Growth rates, RB exports, LAC 18 & E Asia
0.0713636186
0.0415880545
0.0470271545
0.0496766577
0.0807011862
0.1109993559
0.0594461316
0.0642068665
0.0005359317
0.1066761704
0.0084854194
0.0878512764
0.0218870885
0.0810613112
0.0514219963
0.0630162108
0.1186326148
0.1325267304
Arg
Arg
Brazil
Brazil
Mex
Mex
Figure 30: Growth rates, LT exports, LAC 18 & E Asia
0.0969225316
0.0413053081
0.0794491683
0.0374221017
0.0813572399
0.2976547451
0.0829821531
0.157727916
0.1290449687
0.0426338473
0.0367578982
0.0965887737
0.0928715062
0.1303860909
0.0929400846
0.0094532461
0.2007241031
0.1522471306
Arg
Arg
Brazil
Brazil
Mex
Mex
Figure 31: Growth rates, MT exports, LAC 18 & E Asia
0.0751910668
0.1301766813
0.0816470255
0.0550347783
0.1991400811
0.239070102
0.1185958762
0.1706300793
0.1281729714
0.1042783211
-0.0321426377
0.1445996019
0.109503464
0.1638213403
0.1265979572
0.0917589291
0.2939823881
0.1414118804
Arg
Arg
Brazil
Brazil
Mex
Mex
Figure 32: Growth rates, HT exports, LAC 18 & E Asia
0.0235305316
0.145352834
0.0509852811
0.1773671352
-0.0595862545
0.4449054562
-0.012878468
0.3480757436
0.0619136133
0.1689076304
-0.0202037411
0.2923967945
-0.0099885986
0.3354850659
0.2180684755
0.1643755813
0.3267892518
0.3265051931
Arg
Arg
Brazil
Brazil
Mex
Mex
0.0713636186
0.0415880545
0.0470271545
0.0496766577
0.0807011862
0.1109993559
0.0594461316
0.0642068665
0.0005359317
0.1066761704
0.0084854194
0.0878512764
0.0218870885
0.0810613112
0.0514219963
0.0630162108
0.1186326148
0.1325267304
Arg
Arg
Brazil
Brazil
Mex
Mex
0.0969225316
0.0413053081
0.0794491683
0.0374221017
0.0813572399
0.2976547451
0.0829821531
0.157727916
0.1290449687
0.0426338473
0.0367578982
0.0965887737
0.0928715062
0.1303860909
0.0929400846
0.0094532461
0.2007241031
0.1522471306
Arg
Arg
Brazil
Brazil
Mex
Mex
0.0751910668
0.1301766813
0.0816470255
0.0550347783
0.1991400811
0.239070102
0.1185958762
0.1706300793
0.1281729714
0.1042783211
-0.0321426377
0.1445996019
0.109503464
0.1638213403
0.1265979572
0.0917589291
0.2939823881
0.1414118804
Arg
Arg
Brazil
Brazil
Mex
Mex
0.0235305316
0.145352834
0.0509852811
0.1773671352
-0.0595862545
0.4449054562
-0.012878468
0.3480757436
0.0619136133
0.1689076304
-0.0202037411
0.2923967945
-0.0099885986
0.3354850659
0.2180684755
0.1643755813
0.3267892518
0.3265051931
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000
ChileArgentinaColombiaMexico
Source: Countries Statitical Offices
* For Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Taiwan and US physical output per hours worked. For the other countries , physical output per
employee.
MBD004DEFA0.xls
Chart2
Brazil (1997-2000)
Mexico (1993-2000)
Total Annual Factor Productivity Growth in Selected Latin American and East Asian Countries. (%)
3.2
3.1
2.8
1.2
Sheet1
Total Factor Productivity Growth in Selected Latin American and East Asian Countries. (%)
Taiwan (1981-1991)
Figure 24 - Labour Productivity* in Manufacturing in Selected Latin American Countries, Korea, Taiwan and USA. 1990-2000 (1990=100)
Source: Countries Statitical Offices
* For Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Taiwan and US physical output per hours worked. For the other countries , physical output per employee.
Chile
Argentina
Colombia
Mexico
Brasil
Korea
EUA
Taiwan
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
104.2330188862
121.9862355932
99.2775138559
105.4016201005
108.4323964004
104.5732583941
102.3441690586
107.4023483758
111.4555455435
140.3008617401
102.7783112133
114.5917154845
114.4982319229
114.5673620403
107.7081192189
111.3166952998
108.8694700806
154.9279860304
106.2360266951
124.9249064613
125.9905060925
126.1171032357
109.7263186915
114.3800972403
113.2314164175
154.3461311514
113.8320653761
135.2960645814
140.3704582922
138.8238285464
113.010352887
120.6270980704
120.0242671412
172.3665137424
121.0730527842
145.6109730387
146.7626118286
153.489391472
117.4432761483
127.3990294912
121.973636427
180.8373288518
121.2612687435
155.3401932867
171.6600449869
169.5933695934
121.6394782685
131.3700811772
124.5672746345
186.6796129923
131.3386307816
160.0366590548
192.22491463
184.4426017007
126.7154343752
142.2910926983
126.1185430335
196.4448314444
133.4832673736
165.1196701688
211.5383876588
199.6088415031
132.89461858
148.4362550242
136.8569442604
204.1493683677
130.2301492699
169.5972708112
231.0972441322
242.766570405
139.587246459
159.6116677429
143.8256018097
219.7772868664
149.1447272822
179.0243054714
245.8436105406
266.5941417688
145.3221413975
172.583193938
prodipes
But EA grows much faster than LAC in RB – and other categories: WMS by technology…
Total
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
MVA shares
MVA EA & LAC
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
0.6%
0.7%
0.7%
0.6%
0.6%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
-0.0%
China
1.3%
1.9%
2.4%
4.9%
6.9%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
Mexico
Figure 16: World shares of RB MVA in LAC and East Asia (%)
0.0342657307
0.0144739848
0.0785592062
0.0162222891
0.0426586316
0.0221830622
0.0725938733
0.0170433215
0.0530721754
0.0295577742
0.0618756188
0.0170508017
0.0595750775
0.0614815831
0.0646135401
0.0165334266
0.0624145853
0.074978687
0.0598581167
0.0196392239
Mexico
Figure 17: World shares of LT MVA in LAC and East Asia (%)
0.0362286953
0.0195272299
0.0568995733
0.0128874623
0.0462002243
0.0223247932
0.0484404166
0.011305922
0.0601234677
0.0311280181
0.0437492459
0.0102583923
0.0746674962
0.0538276274
0.0365917813
0.0102050397
0.0749483978
0.0684687791
0.0306911357
0.0127071636
Exports
1980
1980
1980
1980
1985
1985
1985
1985
1990
1990
1990
1990
1995
1995
1995
1995
2000
2000
2000
2000
Mexico
Figure 18: World shares of MHT MVA in LAC and East Asia (%)
0.018856307
0.0129678971
0.043998128
0.0077750666
0.0240355594
0.0193863982
0.0366416119
0.0071142122
0.0379605643
0.0244053379
0.0337410099
0.0075277839
0.0572786946
0.0491657477
0.0359449702
0.0072216617
0.0675611356
0.0694111055
0.0332489011
0.0091390829
1980
1990
2000
Figure 3: Value of MVA in developing regions ($ billion), 1990 prices
245.48875
254.10474
324.72038
150.22103
346.16694
855.14581
31.22757
62.03978
109.64562
55.37557
92.8104
140.74469
31.78159
39.21953
44.25843
0.0315454686
0.0654818676
-0.0137715269
-0.0008484706
0.0043338817
0.0032646829
0.0044778613
0.0046948736
-0.000457455
-0.0010770076
Latin America (exc. Mexico)
Figure 15: World MVA shares of Latin America and East Asia (%)
0.0410246485
0.0263976564
0.0670418095
0.0559692612
0.0535272471
0.0328812452
0.0587414515
0.0482553224
0.072570117
0.0456759541
0.0532702826
0.0427909745
0.1138166579
0.0606232276
0.053900283
0.0437183639
0.1380519846
0.0672997222
0.052421812
0.0399508629
Productivity
1980
1980
1980
1980
1985
1985
1985
1985
1990
1990
1990
1990
1995
1995
1995
1995
2000
2000
2000
2000
Mexico
0.0263976564
0.0146269921
0.0559692612
0.0110725483
0.0328812452
0.0206460019
0.0482553224
0.0104861291
0.0456759541
0.0268941629
0.0427909745
0.0104793081
0.0606232276
0.0531934303
0.0437183639
0.0101819191
0.0672997222
0.0707522624
0.0399508629
0.0124709492
0.0342657307
0.0144739848
0.0785592062
0.0162222891
0.0426586316
0.0221830622
0.0725938733
0.0170433215
0.0530721754
0.0295577742
0.0618756188
0.0170508017
0.0595750775
0.0614815831
0.0646135401
0.0165334266
0.0624145853
0.074978687
0.0598581167
0.0196392239
0.0362286953
0.0195272299
0.0568995733
0.0128874623
0.0462002243
0.0223247932
0.0484404166
0.011305922
0.0601234677
0.0311280181
0.0437492459
0.0102583923
0.0746674962
0.0538276274
0.0365917813
0.0102050397
0.0749483978
0.0684687791
0.0306911357
0.0127071636
0.018856307
0.0129678971
0.043998128
0.0077750666
0.0240355594
0.0193863982
0.0366416119
0.0071142122
0.0379605643
0.0244053379
0.0337410099
0.0075277839
0.0572786946
0.0491657477
0.0359449702
0.0072216617
0.0675611356
0.0694111055
0.0332489011
0.0091390829
1980
1990
2000
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
East Asia and LAC: Changes in shares of developing world MVA (%)
0.0645380403
0.0765058991
0.0965968579
0.047285376
0.0313741837
0.0529047764
0.0100192932
-0.0002042941
0.0331638566
0.0236011227
0.0865775647
0.0474896702
-0.083381181
-0.0702181323
-0.0664662122
-0.03180424
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1980
1990
2000
Figure 3: East Asia and LAC, shares of developing world MVA (%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1980-90
1990-2000
Figure 4: East Asia and LAC, changes in shares of developing world MVA (%)
COUNTRY
YEAR
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
Industrialized
RB
-0.6%
13.2%
6.0%
1.5%
Industrialized
RB
-0.6%
13.2%
6.0%
1.5%
LT
0.2%
15.3%
5.9%
0.6%
LT
0.2%
15.3%
5.9%
0.6%
MT
1.1%
14.6%
6.3%
1.9%
MT
1.1%
14.6%
6.3%
1.9%
HT
6.1%
16.2%
9.9%
7.0%
HT
6.1%
16.2%
9.9%
7.0%
Developing
RB
1.9%
5.4%
11.4%
5.3%
Developing
RB
1.9%
5.4%
11.4%
5.3%
LT
6.0%
16.3%
11.3%
4.9%
LT
6.0%
16.3%
11.3%
4.9%
MT
9.4%
17.5%
17.1%
6.6%
MT
9.4%
17.5%
17.1%
6.6%
HT
10.1%
26.9%
25.6%
13.3%
HT
10.1%
26.9%
25.6%
13.3%
-0.0061876112
0.1315983768
0.0604503545
0.0154812021
0.0023067316
0.1533776969
0.0592155765
0.0057464872
0.0111028826
0.1459980692
0.0627731756
0.0194678093
0.0608106845
0.161749949
0.0991398099
0.0696359233
0.0185907414
0.0543969943
0.1136701713
0.0525858529
0.0604788042
0.1627793061
0.1130297243
0.0486640589
0.0938504056
0.1747119373
0.1708630316
0.0661983782
0.101092089
0.2687112838
0.256154968
0.1332693461
-0.0061876112
0.1315983768
0.0604503545
0.0154812021
0.0185907414
0.0543969943
0.1136701713
0.0525858529
0.0023067316
0.1533776969
0.0592155765
0.0057464872
0.0604788042
0.1627793061
0.1130297243
0.0486640589
0.0111028826
0.1459980692
0.0627731756
0.0194678093
0.0938504056
0.1747119373
0.1708630316
0.0661983782
0.0608106845
0.161749949
0.0991398099
0.0696359233
0.101092089
0.2687112838
0.256154968
0.1332693461
WMS
TOTAL
1981
1985
1990
1995
2000
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
1981
1985
1990
1995
2000
World
1,223,605
1,316,306
2,590,314
3,948,819
4,865,060
World
33.0%
31.6%
53.6%
75.5%
78.1%
World
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1981-90
1990-2000
12.2%
14.1%
15.4%
21.9%
26.4%
World market shares of manufactured exports by developing regions
1981
1990
2000
China
1.0%
2.6%
6.5%
1981-90
1990-2000
China ($318 b.)
Mexico ($144 b.)
MENA ($79 b.)
SSA ($30 b.)
WMS in 1981
WMS in 2000
Figure 5: World market shares for manufactured products in 1981 & 2000, and values of manufactured exports in 2000 ($ billion)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1981-90
1990-2000
Figure 6: Changes in world market shares for manufactures (% points)
Argentina
Brazil
Malaysia
Mexico
Elecfinish
1,098,715
21,382,824
0.60%
4.66%
4.1%
31.0%
Elecfinish
1,232,033
1,775,766
0.67%
0.39%
-0.3%
3.4%
Elecfinish
47,780,272
184,885,529
25.98%
40.26%
14.3%
13.1%
Malaysia
Elecfinish
6,149,389
29,500,749
3.34%
6.42%
3.1%
15.3%
Mexico
Elecfinish
482,686
20,468,841
0.26%
4.46%
4.2%
40.6%
Malaysia
Mexico
Electparts
338,664
7,028,198
0.4%
3.3%
2.8%
31.7%
Electparts
363,556
1,828,558
0.5%
0.8%
0.4%
15.8%
Electparts
16,365,410
81,235,372
21.0%
37.7%
16.7%
15.7%
Malaysia
Electparts
1,697,504
11,342,499
2.2%
5.3%
3.1%
18.8%
Mexico
Electparts
156,878
5,711,649
0.2%
2.7%
2.4%
38.7%
LAC (22)
Bubble size indicates exports of finished electronics in 2001 (US$ b)
Korea (25)
Mexico (20)
China (27)
Malaysia (29)
Taiwan (28)
Change in the world market share for finished electronics products (1990-2001)
Annual growth rate of exports of finished electronics products (1990-2001)
Figure 45: World market shares and growth rates, finished electronic exports by LAC and East Asia (1990-2001)
0.2456974766
0.0732353416
0.3097794495
0.0337917362
0.130897173
0.1532120922
0.4058792609
0.1123525549
27450043.7772217
25681245.6781311
21382823.7547264
1775766.32134247
184885529.288757
29500749.0639648
20468840.6820374
28773525.1258698
0
0
0.0685338273
0
0.0263123133
0.0282779195
0.0038218168
0.167039893
0.0308638545
0.024499788
0.0120161358
0
LAC (7)
Bubble size indicates exports of parts & components of electronics in 2001 (US$ b)
Korea (10)
Mexico (5.7)
China (16)
Malaysia (11)
Taiwan (13.6)
Change in the world market share for parts and components of electronics products (1990-2001)
Annual growth rate of exports of parts and components of electronics products (1990-2001)
Figure 46: World market shares and growth rates, electronics parts and components exports by LAC and East Asia (1990-2001)
0.369924991
0.1838522437
0.3174498771
0.1581800967
0.1567944816
0.1884768065
0.3865237558
0.1179780145
16165534.3617706
9978470.23498535
7028198.34206963
1828557.96165085
81235371.8747711
11342498.7276611
5711649.49385071
13684283.615387
Value
WMS
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
Export
Autofinish
10,797,872
0.36%
2.87%
2.5%
27.3%
19.9%
15.6%
19.5%
39.4%
9.8%
21.2%
19.2%
Export
Autofinish
758,947
3,255,597
10,797,872
0.36%
1.12%
2.87%
33.8%
22.1%
27.3%
Import
1,053,983
4,736,843
11,063,560
35.1%
18.5%
23.8%
-295,036
-1,481,246
-265,689
Export
Autofinish
26,915,747
1.75%
7.16%
5.4%
19.9%
Export
Autofinish
3,655,961
11,804,765
26,915,747
1.75%
4.05%
7.16%
26.4%
14.7%
19.9%
Import
2,789,561
13,196,654
16,279,218
36.5%
4.3%
17.4%
866,400
-1,391,889
10,636,529
Export
Autofinish
4,976,049
0.48%
1.32%
0.8%
15.6%
Export
Autofinish
1,009,815
2,422,405
4,976,049
0.48%
0.83%
1.32%
19.1%
12.7%
15.6%
Import
2,272,384
12,458,810
9,323,395
40.5%
-5.6%
13.7%
-1,262,569
-10,036,405
-4,347,346
Export
Autofinish
15,722,040
1.06%
4.18%
3.1%
19.5%
Export
Autofinish
2,216,974
9,281,746
15,722,040
1.06%
3.19%
4.18%
33.2%
9.2%
19.5%
Import
6,632,280
14,874,439
8,751,184
17.5%
-10.1%
2.6%
-4,415,305
-5,592,693
6,970,856
Malaysia
Export
Autofinish
60,889
0.04%
0.02%
-0.0%
-2.6%
Malaysia
Export
Autofinish
81,060
176,700
60,889
0.04%
0.06%
0.02%
16.9%
-16.3%
-2.6%
Import
1,065,803
2,227,014
1,172,759
15.9%
-12.0%
0.9%
-984,742
-2,050,314
-1,111,870
Mexico
Export
Autofinish
21,939,069
1.27%
5.83%
4.6%
21.2%
Mexico
Export
Autofinish
2,646,146
9,382,021
21,939,069
1.27%
3.22%
5.83%
28.8%
15.2%
21.2%
Import
419,812
577,012
6,634,562
6.6%
63.0%
28.5%
2,226,335
8,805,009
15,304,508
Mexico
Argentina
Export
Autoparts
132,501
546,161
426,642
0.16%
0.45%
0.32%
32.7%
-4.0%
11.2%
Import
145,025
867,733
800,426
43.0%
-1.6%
16.8%
-12,525
-321,572
-373,784
1990
1995
2001
1990-2001
Brazil
Export
Autoparts
1,583,973
0.72%
1.17%
0.5%
9.3%
1.1%
0.3%
-3.2%
0.2%
0.5%
4.3%
0.7%
-0.6%
3.6%
Brazil
Export
Autoparts
593,900
1,470,855
1,583,973
0.72%
1.22%
1.17%
19.9%
1.2%
9.3%
Import
387,525
1,486,052
1,644,909
30.8%
2.1%
14.0%
206,375
-15,197
-60,936
Automobiles
Export
Autoparts
5,257,813
0.93%
3.89%
3.0%
19.1%
Export
Autoparts
766,790
1,377,497
5,257,813
0.93%
1.14%
3.89%
12.4%
25.0%
19.1%
Import
949,812
2,015,285
5,577,569
16.2%
22.6%
17.5%
-183,022
-637,788
-319,756
Export
Autoparts
7,879,731
1.51%
5.82%
4.3%
18.3%
Export
Autoparts
1,242,880
4,689,639
7,879,731
1.51%
3.89%
5.82%
30.4%
9.0%
18.3%
Import
4,134,219
6,380,820
14,721,356
9.1%
18.2%
12.2%
-2,891,339
-1,691,181
-6,841,625
Export
Autoparts
2,300,305
1.00%
1.70%
0.7%
9.8%
Export
Autoparts
825,870
2,190,639
2,300,305
1.00%
1.82%
1.70%
21.5%
0.8%
9.8%
Import
1,083,499
3,248,903
3,499,610
24.6%
1.5%
11.2%
-257,629
-1,058,265
-1,199,305
Developing
6.39%
10.19%
14.61%
13.8%
Export
Autoparts
6,841,009
5.6

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Globalization and industrial performance