Globalizacija i Konkurencija

7/23/2019 Globalizacija i Konkurencija

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/globalizacija-i-konkurencija 1/15

UNIVERZITET VITEZ

SEMINARSKI RAD IZ PREDMETA:

MENADŽMENT EKONOMIJE

T E M A : GLOBALIZACIJA I KONKURENCIJA

Student: Mirza Kr!eni" Pred#etni na$ta%ni&:

Br' inde&$a: III()*+,-.)) Pred#etni a$i$tent:



Travnik, 02.05.2012

/



SADRŽAJ

P!a# 012a1iza3i!e''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''*

Na$tana& 012a1iza3i!e'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4

A$5e&ti 012a1iza3i!e'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''-

P!a# tr6i7ne &n&uren3i!e''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''8

Tr6i7na $tan!a''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''',

Pt5una &n&uren3i!a'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''')9

Mn51$& tr6i7te'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''')/

Kara&teri$ti&e $a%re#en0 tr6i7ta'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''')4

Literatura'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''')4

*



Pojam globalizacije

Kn%en3ina1na deini3i!a 012a1iza3i!e 5drazu#i!e%a 5r3e$ t%aran!a i 1i2era1iza3i!e

na3ina1ni; inan3i!$&i; tr6i7ta i n!i;%a $ta5an!a u 012a1n tr6i7te &a5ita1a' N dana$ $e

<e7"e 5d ti# 5!## 5drazu#i!e%a =#e>unardna inte0ra3i!a= d2ara? te;n10i!a?

rada i &a5ita1a 5a $e #6e 0%riti 012a1iza3i!i u 7ire# $#i$1u @DUJIN? )''

P!a# globalizacije iz%eden !e d ri!e<i =012a1= 7t zna<i u&u5n$t? a globalizam !e

na<in 01edan!a na z2i%an!a u 012a1u' Globalizacija 2i ta& 5drazu#i!e%a1a $3i!a1ni

5r3e$ &!i te6i $%e2u;%atn$ti i !edin$t%en$ti $%i!eta @TUREK? )'' Kad $e 0%ri

012a1iz#u? tu !e !7 i 5r7irena teri!a &!a 012a1iza# tu#au 1!udi#a i ze#1!a#a 5$ta!u $%e intenzi%ni!i? a1!udi 5<in!u 012a1n raz#i71!ati i $%i!et u 3!e1ini dru0a<i!e $;%a"ati'

G12a1iza3i!a i#a i dre>ene za;t!e%e $ta1n u1a0an!e u znan!e? te;n10i!e? i$tra6i%an!e

i raz%!' T& !edn# 5<ne za$ta!ati u 5r3e$u 012a1iza3i!e i1i $e na %ri!e#e ne u&1!u<i

u $u%re#ene 5r3e$e? 2itn za$ta!e' Dana7n!i $e $%i!et $%e %i7e =t%ara= i =$#an!u!e= i

tuda !e $t%rena %e" d2r 5znata uzre<i3a $%i!etu &a =012a1n# $e1u='

G12a1iza3i!a $e &a ide!a dn$i na =$#an!i%an!e= $%i!eta? a1i i na !a<an!e $%i!e$ti

$%i!etu &a 3!e1ini @ROBERTSON? 3it' u MILARDOIF? )'' Za 012a1iza3i!u $e#6e u$t%rditi da !e !edna d 5$1!edi3a raz%!a znan$ti? $u%re#ene te;n10i!e? tr6i7ne

e&n#i!e? de#&ra3i!e' G12a1iza3i!a !e #0u"i1a i $12dn &retan!e &a5ita1a? r2a?

inr#a3i!a i 1!udi &rz 7iren!e i u&idan!e 0rani3a'

E&17&a? &u1tur17&a i dru7t%ena $trana 012a1iza3i!e <e$t $e zane#aru!u u dn$u na

n!ezinu 51iti<&u? a $2it e&n#$&u di#enzi!u? a1i u n%i!e %ri!e#e i ne d2i%a!u $%e

%e"i 5r$tr' Tre2a 5ri#!eri3e $5#enuti anti012a1i$te? 2r3e za 1!ud$&a 5ra%a? 5ra%a

6i%tin!a @Greenpeace i dr' i $1'

Teri!u 012a1iza3i!e $#i$1i !e $a#de$eti; i de%ede$eti; 0dina /9' St1!e"a Rna1d

R2ert$n' Na te#e1!u te teri!e #0a !e 5i$ati 5!a%e &!e i#a!u nadna3ina1n i

$%!et$& zna<en!e' O$i# R2ert$na 2r!ni autri 0%re 012a1iza3i!i i 5rida!u !!

raz1i<ita zna<en!a' Ta& Ur1i3; Be3& @MILARDOIF? )' 5i7e <a& $a# ti5%a

globaliteta d &!i; $u na!%a6ni!a 5r%a <etiri'

4



Tipovi globaliteta:

)' 0$5dar$&i ti5

/' te;n17&i ti5

*' uni%erza1ne %ri!edn$ti

4' 012a1na &u1turna indu$tri!a

+' 51i3entri<na $%!et$&a 51iti&a

-' $%!et$& $ir#a7en!e

8' 012a1n razaran!e i uni7ta%an!e <%!e&%a &1i7a

,' tran$&u1tura1ni &n1i&t'

Nata!a" globalizacije

P!a%i 5r3e$a 012a1iza3i!e 50d%a1a !e $itua3i!a na&n Dru00a $%!et$&0 rata?$2it u Eur5i' Eur5$&e ze#1!e? ne&e tada u 5t5un$ti razrene? a1i n%<an

5t5#0nute d SAD(a @KREIF? )-'? za5<in!u 5r3e$ #e>u$2n0 5%ezi%an!a'

Jedan d 3i1!e%a t0 5%ezi%an!a 2i !e iz2!e"i da1!n!a #e>u$2na ne5ri!ate1!$t%a i $t%riti

Eur5u u &!! "e $%e ze#1!e #e>u$2n $ura>i%ati i 5#a0ati $e' Ta&%a 51iti&a u

Eur5i 2i1a !e na&n t0a 5&reta< $1i<ni; 5r3e$a i dru0d!e u $%i!etu' T !e na &ra!u

d%e1 d $t%aran!a $%i!eta &a&a% !e$t dana$'

Kada $e 0%ri na$tan&u 012a1iza3i!e $%a&a& $e #ra $5#enuti GATT @Genera1A0ree#ent n Tari$ and Trade i zna<en!e 7t 0a !e i#a1 $#an!en!e tr0%a<&i; 3arina

#e>u ze#1!a#a' On !e? uz $ta1? 5ridni!e1 n!i;%u !a<e# #e>u$2n# tr0%in$&#

5%ezi%an!u' GATT !e $n%an )48' i te#e1!i $e na &1auzu1i na!%e"i# 50dn$ti#a'

Iz n!e 5riz1aze tri te#e1!na na<e1a: na<e1 re3i5r<n$ti? na<e1 1i2era1iza3i!e i na<e1

nedi$&ri#ina3i!e'

Na<e1 re3i5r<n$ti dn$i $e na t da tr0%a<&e 1a&7i3e &!e 5t5i$ni3e GATT(a

5rizna!u !edna dru0!? #ra!u 2iti !edna&e za 2!e $trane' Ka$ni!e !e t na<e1 u21a6en u

&ri$t ze#a1!a u raz%!u' Na<e1 1i2era1iza3i!e 5drazu#i!e%a 5$tu5n $#an!i%an!e

3arina i dru0i; 0rani<en!a? a na<e1 3arin$&e nedi$&ri#ina3i!e da $e d%$tru&e 3arin$&e

1a&7i3e iz#e>u d%i!u 5t5i$ni3a #ra!u 5ri#i!eniti na $%e <1ani3e GATT(a' Carin$&e

$t5e ta&>er $e ne $#i!u !edn$tran 5%e"a%ati @NATEK? /999''

+



U 0dini $ni%an!a GATT(u $u 5ri$tu5i1e /* ze#1!e? a &a$ni!e $e ta! 2r! ne5re$tan

5%e"a%a' GATT !e ,' 5r$in3a )4' 5rei#en%an u #T$ @r1d Trade Or0anizatin

na &ra!u uru0%a!$&0 &ru0a 5re0%ra i #ini$tar$&e &neren3i!e u Mara&e$;u' TO !e

5<e d!e1%ati )+'? a inan3ira $e d5rin$i#a 5t5i$ni3a 5re#a n!i;%u ud!e1u u

tr0%ini #e>u <1ani3a#a' U <1an$t%u $u )*4 dr6a%e' J7 !edan 5!a# &!i !e uz

012a1iza3i!u $%e %i7e u u5tre2i? !e$t i 5!a# transnacionalizacija' Ra$t i $%e %e"e

e&n#$& zna<en!e tran$na3ina1ni; &r5ra3i!a i tran$na3ina1ni; ti!e&%a r2a?

&a5ita1a? inr#a3i!a te znan!a na $%!et$&# tr6i7tu i 012a1n# e&n#$&# 5r$tru?

na!2itni!a !e d1i&a tran$na3ina1iza3i!e @DRAGIHEIF? )-'' O n!! $e 0%ri i $%e

%i7e $a $ta!a1i7ta na3ina1ne dr6a%e &!a $e 5!a%# tran$na3ina1iza3i!e #ra dre"i

i!e1a $%!e $u%eren$ti radi u&1!u<i%an!a u iznadna3ina1ne $a%eze &a 7t $u NATO i1i

EU'Hin!eni3a da dr6a%a %i7e ni!e na!%i7i autritet @GALIF? /99)' $2it !e te7& 5ri;%a"ena

u tranzi3i!$&i# ze#1!a#a !u0i$t<ne? i$t<ne i $redn!e Eur5e @5a ta& i r%at$&! &!e

$u na&n %i7e de$et1!e"a =<e&an!a= $te&1e $%!u $a#$ta1n$t i &!e $u !e $e %e" na

5<et&u? &ada $u !e 5<e1e u6i%ati? di!e1# #ra1e =dre"i=' Gra>ani ti; ze#a1!a 5ne&ad

i#a!u $&e5ti<n #i71!en!e 5re#a eur5$&i# inte0ra3i!a#a i inte0riran!u'

Ka 7t !e re<en? u 5r3e$i#a 012a1iza3i!e d izra6a!a $%e %i7e d1azi $na0a i #"

m%lti!acio!al!i& "o'po'acija' Mn0e dr6a%e u &!i#a ta&%e &r5ra3i!e 5$1u!u? a

5$e2i3e ne #a1e i $ir#a7ne? z20 01e#i; inan3i!$&i; $red$ta%a &!e #u1tina3ina1ne

&r5ra3i!e 5$!edu!u? neri!et& $e %de u inan3i!$&# 501edu &a n!i;%e 5dru6ni3e'

Brut(na3ina1ni 5riz%d ti; ze#a1!a ne #6e $e ni 5ri21i6n #!eriti $ 5rit# &!i

$t%aru!u te &r5ra3i!e'

Mu1tina3ina1ne &r5ra3i!e? #e>uti#? ut!e<u i 7ire $%!u #" na $%e dr6a%e' Ni!edna ne

#6e iz2!e"i =012a1n tra6en!e=' In%e$ti3i!$&e d1u&e &r5ra3i!a dn$e $e na 012a1n!

razini? 5ren$e"i &a5ita1 i1i re$ur$e iz !edne ze#1!e u dru0u? ut!e<u"i na @neza5$1en$t

#i1i!una 1!udi i $tu5an! e&n#$&e a&ti%n$ti u 5!edini# dr6a%a#a @DRAGIHEIF?

)-''

Pre#a #n0i#a? $%i!et i $%!et$& dru7t% 5$ta1i $u =#n7t% 2ez !edin$t%a= @BECK

5re#a ALBROU? 3it'u MILARDOIF? )'? 0d!e $%at& 01eda $%!e intere$e?

na$t!i 7t %i7e zaraditi i nad#a7iti &n&uren3i!u'

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G12a1iza3i!a !e 5r3e$ &!i !e za5<e i &!i $e %i7e ne #6e zau$ta%iti' Pri!e $%e0a tu !e

$%e %e"a intera&3i!a #e>u $udini3i#a #e>unardne tr0%ine? 012a1n u#re6a%an!e

inan3i!$&i; tr6i7ta i %e" $5#enuta ra$tu"a #" #u1tina3ina1ni; &r5ra3i!a' O<e%id3i

$# i $ta1n0 inr#a3i!$&0 i &#uni&a3i!$&0 raz%!a? raz%!a 012a1ne &u1ture i

51i3entri<n$ti $%!et$&e 51iti&e' dana$ $e 012a1iza3i!a d6i%1!a%a &a $%i!et 2ez 0rani3a'

S%e 7t $e $t%ara 5<in!e $e dra6a%ati 012a1n' Ta& dana$ 5$t!e 012a1ni 5riz%di?

#da? 5tr7aani' G12a1iza3i!a $e? da&1e? #6e <a& $;%atiti &a !edna eta5a

raz%!a 3i%i1iza3i!e'

Ape"ti globalizacije

Br!ni $u i razn%r$ni a$5e&ti 012a1iza3i!e? a dra6a%a!u $e na $%i# 51!i#a 6i%ta i

d!e1%an!a $u%re#en0 <%!e&a' Pr%i i !edan d na!%a6ni!i; a$5e&ata 012a1iza3i!e !e$te"o!om"i ape"t' G12a1ne t%rt&e ut!e<u na ti!e& $%!et$&i; 0$5dar$&i; 5r3e$a i

#n0e d n!i;? iz $a$%i# !edn$ta%n0 raz10a da 2a%1!a!u $%! 5$a i $t!eu$2n 5%ezani u$5r&$ %e1i&i# uda1!en$ti#a' One nadziru 51anetarne re$ur$e?

&a5ita1 i te;n10i!u' Na ta! $e na<in 7iri 0$5dar$t% 2ez 0rani3a i 5$1u!e $e &a da

ne#a 0$5dar$&i; i 51iti<&i; 2ari!era' @S1' )'

Sli"a (Si#21i<&i 5ri&az 012a1iza3i!e &!a 5u7ta &ri!en!e u $%i# di!e1%i#a $%i!eta

Fig. 1. Symbolic illustration o globalization sprea!ing roots in all parts o t"e #orl! Izvor: www.stafs.ac.uk/.../environment

8



Dru0i? a1i ne #an!e %a6an !e politi)"o*p'av!i ape"t 012a1iza3i!e' P1iti<&5ra%ni

a$5e&t dn$i $e na naru7enu dr6a%nu $u%eren$t na$ta1u u&1!u<i%an!e# u #e>unardne

u0%re? za!edni3e i r0aniza3i!e' St%ara $e $u$ta% 012a1n0 u5ra%1!an!a &!e 0rani<a%a

d$ada7n!u #" dr6a%e 5ri <e#u na$ta!e te#e1! za $t%aran!e n%e? nadna3ina1ne dr6a%e'

S1a21!en!e dr6a%ne %1a$ti 5$e2n $e u<a%a u 5dru<!u inan3i!a @DUJIN? ),''

Interna3ina1iza3i!a i re0ina1iza3i!a ta&>er 5$ta!u? uz 012a1iza3i!u? izaz%i dana7n!i#

dr6a%a#a @TUREK? )'' St%ara!u $e n%e #e>unardne i re0ina1ne udru0e 5re&

&!i; $e #0u %r7iti 5riti$3i na %1ade dr6a%a? a1i i u$5$ta%1!a!u %eze $ 1!udi#a 7ir#

$%i!eta'

G12a1na 51iti&a 5$ta!e #u1ti&u1tura1na i #u1ti3i%i1iza3i!$&a @MILARDOIF? )''

=S#an!i%an!e#= $%i!eta 5ra$1a !e $%i!e$t 5%ezan$ti i #e>u%i$n$ti n!e0%i;

raz1i<iti; di!e1%a' D1azi d na5u7tan!a $tari; i 5ri;%a"an!a n%i;? 7iri; identiteta@NJARO? )'' Ta&? !7 raz#!ern n%i? eur5$&i identitet dana$ $%e %i7e 5re$ta!e

2iti ne7t ne$;%at1!i% za ran3u$&0 i1i 75an!1$&0 ri2ara? &a 7t !e u )' $t1!e"u

n!e#a<&i identitet 5re$ta 2iti a5$tra&3i!a za 2a%ar$&0 $e1!a&a'

r1 $u %id1!i%e 5r#!ene 5r3e$a 012a1iza3i!e i na 5dru<!u "%lt%'e+ T $e #6e

i1u$trirati <in!eni3# da $e dana$ %e1i&# 2rzin# u%di za!edni<&i $%!et$&i !ezi&? a1i t

ni!e? &a 7t $u ne&i <e&i%a1i? e$5erant? %e" !e t en01e$&i !ezi& @MLINAR? )9''

En01e$&i $e !ezi& na ta! na<in na7a na dru0# #!e$tu na!ra$5r$tran!eni!i; !ezi&a &!i $e

0%re @5$1i!e &ine$&0' Ne&i $#atra!u da !e $ 2zir# na tu <in!eni3u? a1i i

$%a&dne%n izu#iran!e ne&1i& di!a1e&ata i !ezi&a na 5#1u n% 1in0%i$ti<&i

5reda& @TUREK? )'' Su%re#eni <%!e& $%!ed<i <in!eni3i da !e i u &u1tur17&#

501edu $%i!et $%e %i7e za&u51!en 5za5adn!a<en!e# i $t%aran!e# 012a1ne &u1ture' Na

6a1$t? na ta! na<in ne$ta!u #n0e &u1tura1ne 5$e2n$ti &!e 6i%t na Ze#1!i <ine

zani#1!i%i# i !edin$t%eni#'

Pojam t',i-!e "o!"%'e!cijeTr6i7te 5red$ta%1!a u&u5n$t dn$a 5nude i tra6n!e &!e $e na dre>en# 5r$tru i u

dre>en %re#e u$5$ta%1!a!u 5%d# raz#ene r2a i u$1u0a' Pnuda i tra6n!a ni$u

iz1%ani en#eni i na n!i; uti<e %e#a %e1i&i 2r! a&tra' Ta&>e? 5nuda uti<e na

tra6n!u &a 7t i tra6n!a $a $%!e $trane uti<e na 5nudu' De1%an!e 5nude i tra6n!e na

,



tr6i7tu $e i$51!a%a &rz &n&uren3i!u &a unutra7n!u #trnu $na0u tr6i7ta &!a 5&re"e

tr6i7ni #e;aniza#'

Tr6i7na &n&uren3i!a 5$#atrana $a# $a $trane 5nude $e !a%1!a &a $u5arni7t% iz#e>u

u<e$ni&a u 5nudi r2e $a 3i1!e# $%a&0 u<e$ni&a da tr6i7te $%!e r2e 5r7iri na ra<un

dru0i; u<e$ni&a' Me>uti#? deini3i!a &n&uren3i!e #ra uzeti u 2zir i dru0u $tranu

$tranu tra6n!e !er $2ine i rea&3i!e tra6n!e ta&>e utiu 5rda%a3a <i!i !e 3i1! da $%!u r2u 5rda!u 5 7t 21!i#

u$1%i#a i u 7t %e"e# 2i#u

• tr6i7nu uta&#i3u iz#e>u &u5a3a &!i $e nad#e"u u 5riti$&u na 3ene &a& 2i d71id 6e1!ene r2e

• tr6i7nu uta&#i3u iz#e>u 5rda%a3a i &u5a3a 0de $%a&a $trana na$t!i da $t%ari

7t 5%1!ni!e u$1%e za $e2e'

Pre#a t#e? tr6i7na &n&uren3i!a $e ne #6e 5$#atrati &a en#en u$& 5%ezan

$a# $a 5nud# na tr6i7tu' Kn&uren3i!a $e !a%1!a i iz#e>u 5reduze"a !er $%a 5reduze"a

&n&uri7u za 5tr7a<&i d;da&? a1i i iz#e>u 5tr7a<a !er i ni na$t!e da $t%are $%!e

3i1!e%e &u5%ina d2ara 5 7t 5%1!ni!i# u$1%i#a'

T',i-!a ta!ja

Me>u tr6i7ni# u<e$ni3i#a $e na tr6i7tu #0u u$5$ta%iti &n&urent$&i dn$i raz1i<ite

5rirde i $a raz1i<iti# uti3a!i#a na un&3ini$an!e 5ri%rede' Raz1i<iti &n&urent$&i dn$i

na raz1i<ite na<ine utieni; tr6i7ni; $tan!a'

Kn&urent$&i dn$i #e>u u<e$ni3i#a na tr6i7tu za%i$e d 2r!ni; a&tra? a1i $u ne&i d

na!%a6ni!i; i5a&:



• 2r! i %e1i<ina u<e$ni&a na tr6i7tu @&u5a3a i 5rda%a3a?

• $na0a 5!edina<ni; tr6i7ni; u<e$ni&a?

• ;#0en$t dn$n ;eter0en$t r2a?

• $te5en e1a$ti<n$ti 5nude i tra6n!e?

• 5$t!an!e dn$n ne5$t!an!e 2ari!era za u1aza& dn$n iz1aza& iz 0rane itd'

E&n#$&a nau&a $e $%e d tride$eti; 0dina %e&a 2a%i1a $a# e&$tre#ni# tr6i7ni#

$tan!i#a 5t5un# @$12dn#? ne0rani<en#? 5ere&tn# &n&uren3i!# i

5t5uni# #n51#' Na ta! na<in $e #r10i!a tr6i7ta 5$#atra1a %r1

5!edn$ta%1!en? a &#51e&$n$t i razn1i&$t $i$te#a dn$a &!i $u $e u 5ra&$i

5!a%1!i%a1i na tr6i7tu $u zane#ari%ani'

Te& !e ne#a<&i e&n#i$ta a!nri; ta&12er0 iz%r7i ti510i!u tr6i7ta &!a !e i dana$

57te5ri;%a"ena' ta&12er0 !e ti510i!u iz%r7i uzi#a!u"i u 2zir &riteri!u# 2r!a

u<e$ni&a &!i $e !a%1!a!u &a& na $trani tra6n!e ta& i na $trani 5nude' P n!e#u? u

za%i$n$ti d 2r!a 5rda%a3a i &u5a3a na tr6i7tu #6e $e d"i d de%et raz1i<iti; tr6i7ni;

$tan!a &!a $u 5ri&azana u naredn! ta2e1i:

Tabela 1$ Tipologija tr%i&ni" stanja

I dru0i e&n#i$ti 5red ta&12er0a $u ta&>e da%a1i $%! d5rin$ r#u1i$an!u

ti510i!e tr6i7ta' P1 Se#!ue1$n !e? na 5ri#er? 51aze"i d &riteri!u#a $na0e uti3a!a

)9



5rda%a3a dn$n &u5a3a? &a i d &riteri!u#a dieren3iran$ti 5riz%da deini$a tri

raz1i<ita tr6i7na $tan!a:

)' $a%r7ena &n&uren3i!a 5$t!i %e1i&i 2r! 5riz%>a<a &!i 5riz%de identi<an

5riz%d 5ri <e#u ni!edan d n!i; ni!e u $tan!u da %r7i 2i1 &a&%u &ntr1u nad

3en#

/' ne$a%r7ena &n&uren3i!a !a%1!a $e u tri raz1i<ita 21i&a za%i$n d 2r!a

5riz%>a<a &!i #e>u$2n &n&uri7u i d $te5ena dieren3iran$ti 5riz%da

de1i#i<na &ntr1a 3ena !e #0u"a

*' 5t5uni #n51 !edan 5riz%>a< &!i nudi 5riz%d 2ez 21i$&i; $u5$tituta i

&!i u 5t5un$ti &ntr1i7e 3enu'

Sa%re#ene u$1%e &ara&teri7u tr6i7na $tan!a &!a $u iz#e>u d%a $n%na 5t5une

&n&uren3i!e i 5t5un0 #n51a' T $u raz1i<iti 21i3i ne$a%r7ene dn$n 0rani<ene

&n&uren3i!e &!i $u na!21i6i rea1n# 5ri%redn# 6i%tu !er ni u !edn! 5ri%redi ne

5$t!e 5t5una &n&uren3i!a i1i 5t5uni #n51 u $a$%i# <i$t# 21i&u' Da 2i $e

razu#e1a tr6i7na $tan!a &ara&teri$ti<na za rea1ne 5ri%rede 5tre2n !e? i5a&? raz#triti

$n%ne &ara&teri$ti&e 5t5une &n&uren3i!e i #n51a'

Potp%!a "o!"%'e!cija

Pt5una? a5$1utna i1i $a%r7ena &n&uren3i!a 5red$ta%1!a teret$&u &ate0ri!u <i!e !e

$2ine ne5;dn ana1izirati &a& 2i $e $te&a u%id u 10i&u de1%an!a tr6i7n0

#e;aniz#a' Ta&>e? &rz 5re>en!e tr6i7ni; $tan!a &!a $u za$tu51!ena u $a%re#eni#

tr6i7ni# 5ri%reda#a $a tr6i7ni# $tan!e# &!e 2i 5$t!a1 na tr6i7tu 5t5une &n&uren3i!e

#6e $e d"i d zna<a!ni; $aznan!a 5rin3i5i#a un&3ini$an!a #derni; e&n#$&i;

$i$te#a'

Pt5una &n&uren3i!a 5red$ta%1!a tr6i7n $tan!e $a $1ede"i# &ara&teri$ti&a#a:

))



)' at#iziran$t 5nude i tra6n!e 5$t!i %e1i&i 2r! 5rda%a3a i &u5a3a? n!i;%a

5!edina<na #" !e zane#ar1!i%a? 3ena $e $12dn r#ira 5d uti3a!e# 5nude i

tra6n!e i ni!edan d tr6i7ni; u<e$ni&a ni!e u $tan!u da $a#$ta1n uti<e na 3enu

/' ;#0en$t r2e %a 5ret5$ta%&a 5drazu#e%a da $%i 5riz%>au 5riz%da raz1i<iti;

5riz%>a<a dn$n 5rda%a3a %e1i&a i &u53i#a !e $a$%i# $%e!edn <i!i "e

5riz%d &u5iti d& 0d !e n!e0%a 3ena na ni%u ra%nte6ne 3ene @3ena &!a $e

r#ira i$&1!u<i% 5d uti3a!e# dn$a 5nude i tra6n!e 5rda%3i ni$u u

#0u"n$ti da? re3i#? 5re& 5dizan!a &%a1iteta $%!i; 5riz%da 5$ti0nu 3enu

&!a 2i 2i1a %i7a d ra%nte6ne tr6i7ne 3ene

*' ni #e>u 5rda%3i#a ni #e>u &u53i#a ne#a udru6i%an!a ni d0%aran!a $%a&id n!i; 5t5un $a#$ta1n na$tu5a na tr6i7tu &u5%na #" &u5a3a !e 5ri21i6n

!edna&a tr6i7na $na0a $%i; 5rda%a3a !e ta&>e 5ri21i6n !edna&a

4' $12dn &retan!e &a5ita1a? rada i r2e ne#a ni&a&%i; e&n#$&i;?

ad#ini$trati%ni; i1i 5rirdni; 2ari!era za 5r7iri%an!e? $u6a%an!e i1i du$ta!an!e d

5riz%dn!e &ada $e za ta& ne7t u&a6e 5tre2a ne#a dr6a%ne inter%en3i!e i $%e

!e 5re5u7ten i$&1!u<i% de1%an!u tr6i7n0 #e;aniz#a

+' 5t5una inr#i$an$t $%i; u<e$ni&a na tr6i7tu $%i &u53i i $%i 5rda%3i $u u

$%a&# trenut&u u 5t5un$ti u5znati $a $itua3i!# na tr6i7tu ne#a ni &u5a3a ni

5rda%a3a &!i 2i #01i da $e na>u u 5$edu 2i1 &a&%i; e&$&1uzi%ni; inr#a3i!a

&!e 2i #01e da 0rani<e &n&uren3i!u'

e" !e na01a7en da u t&u i$tri!e ni&ada ni$u 2i1i u$5$ta%1!eni dn$i <i$te 5t5une

&n&uren3i!e' Ha& i u 5eridu 1i2era1n0 &a5ita1iz#a !e 2i1 netr6i7ni; uti3a!a &!i $u

$uz2i!a1i &n&uren3i!u @d0%aran!e? uti3a! dr6a%e? 0rani<ene inr#a3i!e itd''

)/



/o!opol"o t',i-te

Odre>en 5reduze"e !e #n51i$ta a& !e !edini 5riz%>a< @5nu>a< dre>en0

5riz%da i1i u$1u0e na dre>en# tr6i7tu i a& ta! 5riz%d ne#a 21i$&i; $u5$tituta?

dn$n a& 5tr7auti#? 5$t!ati i #n51i$ta $a $trane tra6n!e t 2i 2i1 5reduze"e &!e !e? iz

raz1i<iti; raz10a? !edini &u5a3 dre>en0 5riz%da 7t 0a <ini $5$2ni# da uti<e na

u$1%e 5d &!i# ta! 5riz%d &u5u!e' Tr6i7te na &#e 5$t!i #n51 $a $trane tra6n!e

naz%i%a $e #n5$n'

Pt5un #n51i$ti<& tr6i7te dn$n #n51i$ti<&a &n&uren3i!a 5red$ta%1!a tr6i7n

$tan!e $a $1ede"i# &ara&teri$ti&a#a:)' 5$t!i $a# !edan 5rda%a3 @i1i &u5a3 dre>en0 5riz%da ne5$t!an!e

a1ternati%e za &u53e @i1i 5rda%3e #0u"a%a #n51i$ti da $a#$ta1n

dre>u!e 3enu 5riz%da? a1i i dru0e u$1%e 5rda!e @i1i &u5%ine tr6i7na 3ena?

5re#a t#e? ni!e rezu1tat dn$a 5nude i tra6n!e %e" !e rezu1tat intere$a

#n51i$te

/' nee1a$ti<n$t tra6n!e !e 5t5una &1i&a 0d da !e 3ena tra6n!a "e 2iti i$ta

*' #2i1n$t &a5ita1a? rada i r2e !e 0rani<ena i1i 5t5un ne#0u"ena

4' ne 5$t!e 21i$&i $u5$tituti za 5riz%d &u53i $u 5rinu>eni da &u5u!u 5riz%d

#n51i$ti<&0 5reduze"a

+' 2ari!ere za u1aza& na tr6i7te i iz1aza& $a tr6i7ta $u %i$&e ne 5$t!i #0u"n$t

da $e 5!a%e n%i 5rda%3i @i1i n%i &u53i u $1u<a!u #n5$na'

U u$1%i#a #n51a ne#0u"en !e de1%an!e $n%ni; e&n#$&i; za&na @5re

$%e0a za&na 5nude i tra6n!e z20 t0a 7t !e 5ri$utna %e1i&a &n3entra3i!a 5nudedn$n tra6n!e u ru&a#a #n51i$te @i1i #n5$ni$te' P$t!an!e %a&%e i#5ere&tne

&n&uren3i!e na raz1i<ite na<ine uti<e na neei&a$n$t e&n#$&0 $i$te#a #n51i$ta

ni!e zaintere$%an da 5%e"a%a ei&a$n$t 5riz%dn!e &a& 2i 5$ti0a %i7i 5rit !er !e u

5zi3i!i da %i7i 5rit $t%aru!e 5%e"an!e# 3ene'

)*



K!i $u uzr3i na$tan&a #n51a u tr6i7ni# 5ri%reda#a P$t!e d%a $n%na uzr&a:

)' raz1i<iti na<ini $5re<a%an!a 5ten3i!a1ni; ri%a1a da u>u na tr6i7te:

• 5ra%na 0rani<en!a PTT $1u62a i#a #n51i$ti<&u 5zi3i!u zat 7t !e dr6a%a

dne1a d1u&e 5re& &!i; !e PTT(u 2ez2edi1a #n51 ta&>e? ni!e ret&$t ni

5!a%a raz1i<iti; %r$ta 1&a1ni; #n51a 2i1 ti#e 7t dr6a%a da!e 5%1a$ti3e i

50dn$ti ne&! ir#i? 2i1 ti#e 7t $5re<a%a dru0e ir#e da u>u u ne&u 0ranu

• 5atenti da 2i 5d$ta&1a in%ati%n$t dr6a%a da!e e&$&1uzi%na 5riz%dna 5ra%a

za ne&i 5erid %re#ena n#e & !e $#i$1i dre>eni 5riz%d $%e d&

5atentn 5ra% 5$t!i ir#a i#a za7ti"enu 5zi3i!u i 5red$ta%1!a #n51

• &ntr1a nad $&udni# re$ur$i#a i1i in5uti#a u&1i& ne& d2r #6e 2iti

5riz%eden !edin &ri7"en!e# ret&i; in5uta? &#5ani!a &!a $t%ari &ntr1u

nad iz%ri#a ti; in5uta #6e $e2i 2ez2editi #n51$&u 5zi3i!u

/' tr7&%na 5redn$t nad 5ten3i!a1ni# ri%a1i#a $t%arena na raz1i<ite na<ine:

• te;ni<&a $u5erirn$t 5reduze"e &!e 5$edu!e $u5erirni!u te;n10i!u d

&n&urenata 1a&7e 5$ta!e #n51i$ta i 1a&7e i$ti$&u!e $a tr6i7ta &n&urent$&a

5reduze"a

• e&n#i!a 2i#a $5$2n$t %e1i&i; 5reduze"a da inte0ra3i!# 5riz%dni;

5era3i!a 5%e"a 5rdu&ti%n$t znatn iznad 5rdu&ti%n$ti #an!e $na6ni;

&n&urenata'

Z20 50u2n0 de!$t%a #n51a dr6a%a $e na raz1i<ite na<ine 2ri 5rti% n!i;?

za2ran!u!e i; i 0rani<a%a' Ona t <ini dn7en!e# anti#n51$&i; za&na?

0rani<a%an!e# dz%1!ene %e1i<ine tr6i7n0 u<e7"a? &ntr1# %1a$ni7t%a?

0rani<a%an!e# udru6i%an!a 5reduze"a? $5re<a%an!e# 7tetni; d0%ra iz#e>u %e1i&i; 5rda%a3a i &u5a3a' I5a&? 5tre2a za una5re>i%an!e# anti#n51$&0 za&nda%$t%a i

5ra&$e ne5re&idn !e 5ri$utna !er $e $a raz%!e# tr6i7ta ne5re&idn 5!a%1!u!u i n%i

na<ini da $e tr6i7na &n&uren3i!a naru7a%a u &ri$t !edni;? a na 7tetu dru0i; tr6i7ni;

u<e$ni&a'

)4



0a'a"te'iti"e av'eme!og t',i-ta

Sa%re#en tr6i7te !e tr6i7te ta&z%ane 0rani<ene dn$n ne5t5une &n&uren3i!e? &a&

z20 5!a%e %e1i&i; tran$na3ina1ni; &#5ani!a ta& i z20 $%e %e"e dieren3iran$ti

5riz%da? z20 5tre2e za dr6a%n# inter%en3i!# u 5ri%redi itd' O$n%ne $2ine

$a%re#en0 tr6i7n0 $tan!a &a #e7%it0 21i&a &n&uren3i!e &!i !e na!21i6i rea1ni#

5ri%redni# &1n$ti#a $u:

• 5$t!an!e %e#a #"ni; 5rda%a3a i &u5a3a z20 <e0a !e dre>eni uti3a! na 3ene

i u$1%e &u55rda!e #0u" i5a&? 3ene $e ne #0u u 5t5un$ti &ntr1i$ati

• 5$t!an!e !7 u%e& re1ati%ne ;#0en$ti 5riz%da i $u5$tituta na %e"ini

5!edina<ni; tr6i7ta

•

ni$&a #2i1n$t a&tra 5riz%dn!e• #0u"n$t d0%aran!a & ni%a 3ena? 5de1e tr6i7ta? %r$t# i &%a1itet#

5riz%da? %re#en# i #e$t# &u55rda!e

• 0rani<en 2r! 5rda%a3a i &u5a3a u ne&i# de1atn$ti#a 5$t!an!e du51a

@d%a 5rda%3a? du5$1a @d%a &u53a? 2i1atera1ni; #n51a @d%a &u53a i d%a

5rda%3a'

1ite'at%'a

)' Nate& K' i Nate& M'? /999: Dr6a%e $%i!eta /999? Mzai& &n!i0a? Za0re2

/' N!a%r ur: G$5dar$t%? $3i!a1na 51iti&a i 012a1iza3i!a? Mate? Za0re2?)

*' Mi1ard%i"? A': Metd10i!a 51it10i!e? Pan Li2er? O$i!e&(Za0re2(S51it? )

)+

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