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www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Global Trends in Higher Education
1
Seminar on Current Trends and Global Scenario
in Higher Education series 2/2014
- 7 July 2014
Dr. Nordin Yahaya
Senior Director, UTM International
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Preparation Committee
• Prof. Dr. Ho Chin Siong
• Prof. Dr. Nor Haniza binti Sarmin
• Prof. Dr. Hadi Nur
• Prof Dr. Ahmad Kamal Idris
• PM Dr. Lee Chew Tin
• PM Dr. Othman Che Puan
• Ms Doris Abdullah
2
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A thousand year old industry on the cusp of
profound change
3
These drivers of change will transform the
higher education industry landscape,
forcing universities to adapt their business
models.
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Key Trends in Global Higher Education
What key trends can we expect that will prove influential in international higher education?
4
University Funding
• More institutional self-sufficiency and competition
Regulatory Environment
• An increasing focus on managing risk and assuring quality
Technology
• Maturation of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses)
to offer credible academic pathways
Rahul Choudaha19 January 2013 Issue No:255
Dr Rahul Choudaha is director of research and advisory services at World Education Services in New York
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Key Trends in Global Higher Education
1. Globalization and Internationalization
2. Access and Equity, the revolution of massification
3. Quality Assurance, Accountability, and Qualification Frameworks
4. Financing Higher Education
5. Private Higher Education and Privatization
6. The Centrality and Crisis of the Academic Profession
7. ICT and Distance Education
8. The Student Experience, Teaching, Learning, and Assessment
9. Rankings of universities
Source: Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking an Academic Revolution Philip G. Altbach, Liz Reisberg and Laura E. Rumbley, UNESCO Publishing (2010)
UNESCO Report 2010: Global Perspectives on Higher Education
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Key Trends in Global Higher Education
• The continued increase in international student mobility
• The rise of science and technology-focused universities
• Changing education hierarchy in Asia
• Overall stability for Continental European universities
• Better visibility for universities worldwide
Martin Ince, convener of the QS Global Academic Advisory Board.
Five key trends in international higher education :
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Five mega-trends will transform the higher education sector
7
Source: University of the future. A
report by Ernst & Young
http://www.ey.com/Publication/vw
LUAssets/University_of_the_futur
e/$FILE/University_of_the_future
_2012.pdf
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Key Trends in Global Higher Education
1. International student mobility flows in the next decade and the demographic and economic factors impacting on them;
2. Emergence of new models of global higher education partnerships – this includes teaching partnerships and provision of degrees off-shore;
3. Patterns in research output and its growing internationalisation; and
4. Commercial research activities as a response to decreased investment in higher education across a growing number of countries.
8
Source: The Shape of Things to Come:
Higher education global trends and emerging opportunities to 2020. www.britishcouncil.org/higher-education
The British Council: Four Key Trends in International Higher Education:
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Key Trends in Global Higher Education: Impacts of Globalisation
1. Mobility of 4.0 million students, countless scholars, degrees and universities moving about the globe freely
2. English as the dominant language of scientific communication.
3. ICT created a universal means of simplified scientific communication.
4. International cooperation and mutual recognition agreements (eg Bologna Process & Lisbon Strategy). ASEAN 2015?
5. Represents an assault on national culture, language and autonomy.
6. Ranking of universities becomes global phenomena
Source: Dr. Robert J. Coelen .The Internationalisation of Higher Education, 2.0.
Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Inaugural Lecture on 1 November 2013
“As educators, we need to be aware of the forces that shape the future of education and
the world for which we prepare our graduates”. Coelen, 2013
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Five Megatrends of Global Higher Education – The Drivers of Change
1 - Access and Equity
2 - Global Mobility
3 - University Funding
4 - Research and Innovation
5 - Global Reputation
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1 – Access and Equity
5 Drivers of Change
11
The current Australian university model —
a broad-based teaching and research
institution, with a large base of assets
and back office — will prove unviable in all
but a few cases. Ernst and Young
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
1 – Access and Equity
• Traditionally, universities held the key to knowledge. University libraries, faculty domains and research institutes were where knowledge was created, stored and shared.
• Democratisation of knowledge and access will drive a global ‘education revolution’, creating both new opportunities and new sources of competition, stimulate new delivery approaches.
• Expansion of access will drive a global ‘education revolution’, transforming societies by creating opportunities for millions of people.
• Increased participation in emerging markets
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1 - Access and Equity
13
Source: University of the future. A report by Ernst & Young http://www.ey.com/
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1 - Access and Equity – the expansion of the middleclass
14
The Internationalisation of Higher Education, 2.0
Dr. Robert J. Coelen
Stenden University of Applied Sciences,
Inaugural Lecture on 1 November 2013
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1 – Access and Equity
• ICT-enhanced higher education (open and distance learning, virtual universities, e-learning, open educational resources) is likely to become the most significant driver of cross-border provision.
• Digital technologies will transform the access to education
• Drive new approaches to teaching and learning and the way education is delivered and supported.
• New delivery systems – MOOCs
– Mobile Learning
– Cloud Computing
15
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Current Model – established universities
16
Source: University of the future. A report by Ernst & Young http://www.ey.com/
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Potential Future Model
17
Source: University of the future. A report by Ernst & Young http://www.ey.com/
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18
Clayton Christensen (Harvard Business School)
“MOOCs a potent disruptive technology that will kill off many inefficient universities. Fifteen
years from now more than half of the universities [in America] will be in bankruptcy”
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2 – Global Mobility
5 Drivers of Change
19
These drivers of change will transform the
higher education industry landscape,
forcing universities to adapt their business
models.
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
2 - Global Mobility
• Global mobility will continue to grow for students, academic talent, and increasingly for university brands.
• Student mobility stands at 1 million in 1980, 4.3 million in 2010 and is expected to increase to 5.8 million by 2020.
• Newer phenomenon: Global mobility of academic brands
83,000 international students (Dec 2009) 11th most preferred study destination globally
200,000
6th placing
2010
2020 Malaysia as Education Hub
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
1. “International Student
Mobility: Patterns and
Trends”, The
Observatory on
Borderless Higher
Education, Sept 2007
2. OECD: Education At A
Glance (2009)
2 - Global Mobility
Globalization is not only shaping the world’s economy and culture but, without question, is influencing higher education as well. UNESCO, 2010
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2 - Global Mobility
Academic mobility is a hallmark of the global age. UNESCO, 2010
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2 - Global Mobility
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2 - Global Mobility
24
Source: The Shape of Things to Come:
Higher education global trends and emerging opportunities to 2020. www.britishcouncil.org/higher-education
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3 – University Financing
5 Drivers of Change
25
These drivers of change will transform the
higher education industry landscape,
forcing universities to adapt their business
models.
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
3 – University Financing
26
It is a
REALITY!
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• Government expenditure on higher education generally is declining per student globally.
• Education as a service or product which can be sold on the international or national market.
• Governments allocate funds on a competitive basis and for specific purposes.
• Governments require more accountability from institutions quality, expenditure and outcomes.
• There are more public-private partnerships (buildings, student accommodation, pre-university programs).
• Institutions expected to be more business-like, efficient, strategic.
27
3 – University Financing
Source: University of the future. A report by Ernst & Young
http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/University_of_the_future/$FILE/University_of_the_future_2012.pdf
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Three common Funding sources for Higher education:
28
Public funding
Tuition fees
Endowment
Other sources may include Institutional investment, resource generation from a myriad of identified sources
3 - University Financing
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29
“funding crisis has created a
shortfall that the universities’
brightest brains are struggling to
solve.
Institutions’ costs are rising, owing
to pricey investments in technology,
teachers’ salaries and galloping
administrative costs.
That comes as governments
conclude that they can no longer
afford to subsidise universities as
generously as they used to.” Source: The Economist. The future of universities.
The digital degree
The staid higher-education business is about to
experience a welcome earthquake. Jun 28th 2014
3 - University Financing
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3 – University Financing - UK
30
Source: The funding Environment for universities an assessment. 2013
WWW.UNIVERSITIESUK.AC.UK
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Sustainable university financial/ funding framework
31
• Buildings laboratory and infrastructure and campus sustainability public works
Capital expenditure
• Continuity in the allocation of funding for expansion programmes, upgrading of skills and qualification of the academic staff, branding and reputation management
Human capital
• Driving institutional research activities and enhancement of intellectual ambiance within the institution.
R &D
3 –University Financing
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
• The subsidised higher education cost would not help towards preparing a sustainable higher education funding framework.
• Fully subsidised higher education model would not produce dynamic higher education institutions with good prestige and reputation.
• A subsidised-dependent mentality among administrators, academic staff and students would not lead Malaysia on its desired status of becoming a higher education hub by 2020, as stipulated under the National Higher Education Strategic Plan.
32
3 – University Financing
Source ; Lee Hock Guan – ISEAS perspectives #2 2014 Malaysia’s funding system for Higher Education not sustainable
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3 – University Financing
• “Subsidised higher education cost would trap higher education institutions in a public-funding dependent mode” – Zaini Ujang, 2013
33
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3 – University Financing - Malaysia
34
Source: The Impact of Economic Crisis on Higher Education: UNESCO Bangkok. 2012
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4 – Research & Innovation - global scenario, input, output, collaboration
5 Drivers of Change
35
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
4 – Research and Innovation: Global Scenario in R & D
• R&D funding is still expanding in all regions
• More % increase in emerging economies
• North America & Europe spending a lot more in R & D compared to other regions
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
4 – Research and Innovation: Top 15 Countries in R &D
GERD (Gross domestic
expenditure on R&D) as a
percentage of GDP
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Researches are more multidisciplinary
High mobility of researchers
More international collaboration in researches at the same time more competitive
Research funding is more competitive
Accountability / Government policies
Multiple trend impact the research landscape
Need suitable “model” for UTM to
adopt these trends
Global Trends
Researches are more individualistic?
Low mobility of researchers?
Low international collaboration?
Reduced research funding?
No strong niche area in research?
UTM
38
4 – Research and Innovation
Research strategy
and research
performance
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39
4 – Research and Innovation – trends in emerging technology
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
4 – Research and Innovation – Scientific Loci
• The scientific foci in Malaysia have seen several shifts throughout the years. While focus has generally been on Engineering and Medicine, Malaysia also concentrated on Agriculture (1997-2001), followed by Biochemistry (2002 -2007), and Physics (2008 – 2012).
• Malaysia’s scientific output has more than doubled over the years.
• It collaborates mostly with the United Kingdom, followed by the United States, Australia, China and Japan.
• The compound annual growth rate of its publications is 21.5%.
Source: Higher Education in Asia: Expanding Out, Expanding Up - The rise of graduate education
and university research. UNESCO Institute of Statistics. 2014
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42
4 – Research and Innovation – Niche subject area
No a strong niche subject area at UTM
Source: Higher Education in Asia: Expanding Out, Expanding Up - The rise of graduate education
and university research. UNESCO Institute of Statistics. 2014
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4 – Research and Innovation: Funding for R & I
• 50-75% R & D funding in OECD countries are from Business Enterprises
• Only 15-35% are from government
Source: International Comparative Performance of the UK Research Base - 2011
A report prepared for the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills. Elsevier UK
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4 – Research and Innovation: Funding for R & I
44
Source: Higher Education in Asia: Expanding Out, Expanding Up - The rise of graduate education
and university research. UNESCO Institute of Statistics. 2014
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4 – Research and Innovation: Research Performance
RESEARCH OUTPUT: • Patents • Competencies • Highly Cited Articles • Citations • Usage • Articles • Researchers • GERD
GERD (Gross domestic expenditure on R&D) as a
percentage of GDP
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Scopus indexed publications - The rise of Asia?
4 – Research and Innovation – Publication/Articles
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Research Output for Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea & Thailand, Year 1996-2011
No
. o
f P
ublic
ation
s
Research Output for Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea & Thailand
Source: SCImago Journal & Country Rank 2012
4 – Research and Innovation - publication
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4 – Research and Innovation: Growth in Article Output (2006-2010)
Source: International Comparative Performance of the UK Research Base - 2011
A report prepared for the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills. Elsevier UK
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Articles Output in Scimago Rankings (Scopus 2007-2011)
49
O – OUTPUT %IC – International Collaboration NI - % Q1 -
Source: SCImago Journal & Country Rank 2012
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Articles Output in Scimago Rankings (Scopus 2007-2011)
Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia
50
Source: SCImago Journal & Country Rank 2012
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Articles Output in Scimago (Scopus 2007-2011)
Singapore, Australia, Brazil, Chile
51
Source: SCImago Journal & Country Rank 2012
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Articles Output in Scimago (Scopus 2007-2011)
China, South Korea
52
Source: SCImago Journal & Country Rank 2012
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Citation: Highly Cited Researchers
53
Over three thousand researchers earned
the distinction by writing the greatest
numbers of reports officially designated by
Essential Science Indicators℠ as Highly
Cited Papers—ranking among the top 1%
most cited for their subject field and year of
publication, earning them the mark of
exceptional impact.
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Highly Cited Researchers - Malaysia
Data
Prof Saidur Rahman UM
Prof Dr Abdul Latif Ahmad USM
Prof Ishak Hashim UKM
Prof Ahmad Fauzi
Prof Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
Prof Hamdani Saidi
Results found: 194 227 104 283 69 200 Sum of the Times Cited 2697 4355 1202 4053 1421 1871
Sum of Times Cited without self-citations 2115 4079 1063 3405 1219 1695
Citing Articles 1688 3296 760 2778 876 1476 Citing Articles without self-citations 1553 3172 709 2598 825 1415 Average Citations per Item 13.9 19.19 11.56 14.32 20.59 9.35
h-index 30 34 21 32 20 23
Highly Cited Paper according to categories 16 13 4 2 1 0
54
Source: RMC
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Innovation, Innovation, Innovation
55
• “ MIT – the best technology-transfer program in the country,” – Bill Clinton • Between 2000 and 2006, MIT graduates started more than 5,800 companies.
• The highest number of patents in the world (179 in 2011)
• MIT’s entrepreneurial impact is so great that, active companies created by its alumni bring in a combined revenue today of as much as $2 trillion.
Source: http://www.bostonmagazine.com/2012/10/mit-
important-university-world-harvard/
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International Collaboration
56
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Source: SciVal Spotlight 2011 (August 2012)
UTM Global Collaboration Landscape
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UTM Global Collaboration Network
58
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Top 15 Asian Universities with high PGR and in-region Collaboration: Agricultural and
Biological Sciences
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Top 15 Asian Universities with high PGR and in-region Collaboration: Engineering
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Top 15 Asian Universities with high PGR and in-region Collaboration: Material Sciences
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Publication overview of ASEAN countries (2001-2010)
621 954 9,552
0
44,132
605 6,930
85,226
49,024
8,765
0
22500
45000
67500
90000
Brun
ei D
arus
sala
m
Cam
bodi
a
Indo
nesia
Lao
PDR
Mal
aysia
Mya
nmar
Philip
pine
s
Sing
apor
e
Thai
land
Viet
nam
# publications
Source: Aizan Yaacob, Rosnah Awang Hashim, Nurahimah Mohd Yusoff, Victor Chan Kok Kian and Doria Abdullah. (2013). Research and
Development in Higher Education: Spearheading Innovation in Malaysia. In Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Malaysian higher
education: Sustaining Excellence (pp.52-64).
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Critical are
a: in
tern
ational colla
bora
tion
Country/territory by income level
Trend High income Middle income Low or lower middle income
Positive Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore
Cambodia, Nepal, Pakistan
Negative
China, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam
Bangladesh, Myanmar
No significant trend
Brunei Darussalam, Korea (Republic)
India, Sri Lanka, Maldives
Afghanistan, Bhutan, Korea (DPR), Lao PDR
Image source: http://goo.gl/vjoKxP Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). (2014). Higher Education in Asia: Expanding Out, Expanding Up.
Retrieved from http://goo.gl/PNrcZG.
Impact of scientific publication is measured by both citations and international collaboration.
+ve trend = countries have increased international collaboration between 2003-2012
-ve trend = countries have decreased international collaboration between 2003-2012
Country classifications based on the trend in the percentage of
international co-authored publications between 2003 and 2012
A decline trend is a sign of
the consolidation and
expansion phase in scientific
development which is
apparently dominant in
middle-income countries.
Malaysia’s publication
INCREASED in VOLUME but
DECREASED with regard to
INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATION.
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Top ASEAN universities with high publication growth rate
and in region collaboration, by discipline [1/2]
Discipline Publication growth rate (%) In region collaboration (%)
Agricultural and biological sciences
UTM (119%), UM (84%), USM (60%), UPM (46%)
UPM (20%), Kasetsart University Thailand (17%), USM (19%), UM (20%), Chiang Mai University Thailand (25%), Chulalongkorn University Thailand (14%)
Biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology
IIUM (65%), USM (55%), UTM (51%), UM (49%), UPM (45%)
N/A
Chemistry UPM (69%), UTM (51%), UKM (46%), UM (43%)
USM (44%), UM (34%), Prince of Songkla University Thailand (50%)
Computer Sciences UTM (88%), UPM (58%), UKM (53%) N/A
Earth and planetary science
UPM (46%), NTU Singapore (47%) N/A
Economic and business science
USM (73%), UKM (70%), UM (48%), UPM (45%)
N/A
Engineering UMP (131%), UM (68%), UKM (67%), UPM (58%), UTM (56%)
N/A
Environmental science
UM (70%), UPM (58%), UTM (50%) UPM (22%)
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). (2014). Higher Education in Asia: Expanding Out, Expanding Up. Retrieved from http://goo.gl/PNrcZG.
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Top ASEAN universities with high publication growth rate
and in region collaboration, by discipline [2/2]
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). (2014). Higher Education in Asia: Expanding Out, Expanding Up.
Retrieved from http://goo.gl/PNrcZG.
Discipline Publication growth rate (%) In region collaboration (%)
Health professions and nursing
UKM (50%), UM (35%) Mahidol University Thailand (11%)
Materials science UPM (56%), UKM (52%), UKM (50%), UTM (38%), USM (30%)
USM (38%), UM (30%)
Mathematics UPM (62%), UM (61%), UTM (58%), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (47%)
N/A
Medicine UPM (38%) UM (15%)
Multidisciplinary IIUM (140%), USM (115%), UPM (106%), Chiang Mai University Thailand (102%), UTM (97%), UKM (90%), UM (21%), UMP (19%)
UPM (102%), UKM (5%), UTM (16%), UM (9%), USM (8%)
Other life and health science
UPM (43%) Mahidol University Thailand (18%), UPM (19%), Chulalongkorn University Thailand (20%)
Physics and astronomy
UM (57%), UPM (54%), UTM (46%), USM (31%), UKM (29%)
USM (45%), UM (29%)
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5 - Global Reputation of Universities
5 Drivers of Change
66
“ Rankings have many faults and do not adequately describe universities and cannot show whether
one institution is better than another
….but
I am very happy when Cambridge is rated as the top university in the world”
Alison Richard
Former Vice Chancellor
University of Cambridge
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Trend in Global Reputation (Rankings & Rating)
• A new force in national and global higher education is created by the many rankings and rating of academic institutions
• These rankings are criticized but, nonetheless, taken seriously by individuals, public, universities, and at times governments.
• Show no signs of disappearing…
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Worried about slipping down the ranking table?
68
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
THE Rankings Methodology
Areas Weighting Indicators
TEACHING: the learning environment 30%
Academic reputation (15%),
Staff-student ratio (4.5%),
Doctorate-bachelor ratio (2.25%),
Doctoral awards (6%),
Income per staff (2.25%).
RESEARCH: volume, income and reputation
30%
reputation (18%),
volume (6%)
income (6%)
CITATIONS: research influence 30% citation per staff in ISI journals
INDUSTRY INCOME: innovation 2.5% research innovation income per staff
INTERNATIONAL OUTLOOK: how global is your university
7.5%
staff (2.5%),
students (2.5%)
research (2.5%)
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
QS Rankings Indicators
INDICATORS WUR AUR LATIN AMERICA
ACADEMIC REPUTATION 40% 30% 30%
EMPLOYER REPUTATION 10% 10% 20%
FACULTY STUDENT 20% 20% 10%
CITATIONS PER FACULTY 20% - -
CITATIONS PER PAPER - 15% 10%
PAPERS PER FACULTY - 15% 10%
INTERNATIONAL FACULTY 5% 2.5% -
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 5% 2.5% -
INBOUND EXCHANGE STUDENTS - 2.5% -
OUTBOUND EXCHANGE STUDENTS - 2.5% -
STAFF WITH PHD - - 10%
WEB IMPACT - - 10%
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THE Ranking - Asia
71
UM –
USM -
UKM – 22.3
UPM – 18.0
UTM - ?
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
UTM International Rankings (QS)
401 358 355
2011 2012 2013
QS-World University Rankings (WUR)
QS-WUR 82 76 74 68 66
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
QS-Asian University Rankings (AUR)
QS-AUR
Subject Rankings (in the World) 2010 2011 2012 2013
Computer Science & Information System 201-250 151-200
Chemical 201-250 151-200 101-150 101-150
Civil & Structural 201-250 151-200 101-150 101-150
Electrical & Electronics 201-250 151-200 101-150
Mechanical, Aeronautical & Manufacturing 201-250 151-200 101-150 101-150
Environmental Sciences 201-250
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
QS-Subject Rankings – Comparison with Malaysian Universities 2013
Subject/Rankings in Malaysia UTM* UM USM UKM UPM
Computer Science & Information System
3 2 1 6 4
Chemical 3 2 1 6 4
Civil & Structural 2 5 1 3 4
Electrical & Electronics 5 1 2 3 4
Mechanical, Aeronautical & Manufacturing
5 1 2 3 4
* UTM Subject Rankings for all Engineering & Technology subjects : 101-150
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
QS - ASIAN UNIVERSITY RANKINGS 2013-2014
INDICATOR % SCORE 2013 RANK 2013 SCORE 2014 RANK 2014
ACADEMIC REPUTATION (from global survey)
30 65.9 67 65.3 68
EMPLOYER REPUTATION (from global survey)
10 60.5 62 64.5 81
FACULTY STUDENT RATIO 20 79.3 78 87.3 55
CITATIONS PER PAPER (from SciVerse Scopus)
15 6.7 301+ 8.6 201+
PAPERS PER FACULTY (from SciVerse Scopus)
15 20.4 240 24.2 201+
PROPORTION OF INTERNATIONAL FACULTY
2.5 80.5 29 95.2 18
PROPORTION OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS
2.5 99.9 7 99.9 10
PROPORTION OF INBOUND EXCHANGE
2.5 70.8 40 45.9 36
PROPORTION OF OUTBOUND EXCHANGE
2.5 100 4 79.3 23
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Critical Agenda Projects (CAP)
75
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CONCLUSIONS
76
www.utm.my innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global
Achieving Excellence
Leadership
Strategy
People System & Processes
Employee Engagement
Structure, Capacity & Capability
77
Customer Experience
Organisational Performance
Values Culture
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Conclusions
78
Game Changers in Future Universities
Finance
Human Capital
Digital Technology
Research & Innovation
Global Reputation
Internationalisation
Teaching Delivery
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79