Global Sustainability Targets

7/26/2019 Global Sustainability Targets

1/24

earthsummit2012

Global Sustainability Targets

Building accountability for the

21st Century

Produced by Hannah Stoddart, Stakeholder ForumContributing Author: Eela Dubey


2/24

2

INTRODUCTION

Stakeholder Forum has produced this paper in an effort to provide an overview of the multitude ofexisting global targets for sustainable development. As the international community prepares forthe UN Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012 ('Rio+20'), there will be pressure for newtargets to be set and for new commitments to be made. Stakeholder Forum recognises that this isan important part of any Summit outcome, and hopes that this overview of existing targets may

assist governments to consolidate targets where possible, and to identify gaps where new targetsmight be necessary. This document also intends to enhance accountability for previouscommitments, by gathering together in one place all the time-bound targets that governments areobliged to deliver on sustainable development, as a tool for civil society to hold them to account.

The targets indentified in this document are drawn from the following global agreements:

Agenda 21 Outcome from the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)- 'Rio Earth Summit' in 1992

Commission on Sustainable Development outcome documents from all sessions of theCommission on Sustainable Development

Millennium Development Goals goals and targets agreed at the Millennium Summit in2000

Johannesburg Plan of Implementation outcome document from the World Summit onSustainable Development (WSSD) in 2002

Rio Conventions the Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD), Kyoto Protocol to theUN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

The targets have been disaggregated by focus and by sector, as follows:

Human Development Targets

Health

Human Settlements Education Poverty and Employment

Environmental Management Targets

Land

Forests Agriculture and Food

Energy Freshwater

Atmosphere

Chemicals Waste

Governance and Implementation Targets Major Groups and Civil Society

Capacity Building and Governance

Finance

Targets have only been listed where they are time-bound and have a specific delivery date.Targets have been chosen according to their relevance to the sustainable development process.This document is not exhaustive and there are some sub-targets that have not been included.To provide feedback on this document please contact Hannah Stoddart, Head of Policy and

Advocacy at Stakeholder Forum [email protected]


3/24

3

GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY TARGETS 1992 - 2010

Human Development Targets

HEALTH

Document Target DeliveryDate

Agenda 21 (6.12)

Section 1Chapter 6 Protecting andPromoting HumanHealth

A: Meeting primaryhealth care needs,particularly in ruralarea basis for actionPara 12

6.12... Some major goals are:(a) By the year 2000, to eliminate guinea worm disease

(dracunculiasis);(b) By the year 2000, eradicate polio;(c) By the year 2000, to effectively control onchocerciasis (river

blindness) and leprosy;(d) By 1995, to reduce measles deaths by 95 per cent and reduce

measles cases by 90 per cent compared with pre-immunizationlevels;

(e) By continued efforts, to provide health and hygiene educationand to ensure universal access to safe drinking water and

universal access to sanitary measures of excreta disposal,thereby markedly reducing waterborne diseases such ascholera and schistosomiasis and reducing:

(f) By the year 2000, the number of deaths from childhooddiarrhoea in developing countries by 50 to 70 per cent;

(g) By the year 2000, the incidence of childhood diarrhoea indeveloping countries by at least 25 to 50 per cent;

(h) By the year 2000, to initiate comprehensive programmes toreduce mortality from acute respiratory infections in childrenunder five years by at least one third, particularly in countrieswith high infant mortality;

(i) By the year 2000, to provide 95 per cent of the world's childpopulation with access to appropriate care for acute respiratory

infections within the community and at first referral level;(j) By the year 2000, to institute anti-malaria programmes in allcountries where malaria presents a significant health problemand maintain the transmission-free status of areas freed fromendemic malaria;

(k) By the year 2000, to implement control programmes incountries where major human parasitic infections are endemicand achieve an overall reduction in the prevalence ofschistosomiasis and of other trematode infections by 40 percent and 25 per cent, respectively, from a 1984 baseline, aswell as a marked reduction in incidence, prevalence andintensity of filarial infections;

2000

Agenda 21 (6.40)

Section 1Chapter 6 - Protectingand Promoting HumanHealthE: Reducing healthrisks fromenvironmentalpollutions and hazards

6.40 The overall objective is to minimize hazards and maintain the

environment to a degree that human health and safety is not impairedor endangered and yet encourage development to proceed. Specificprogramme objectives are:

(a) By the year 2000, to incorporate appropriate environmentaland health safeguards as part of national developmentprogrammes in all countries;

(b) By the year 2000, to establish, as appropriate, adequatenational infrastructure and programmes for providingenvironmental injury, hazard surveillance and the basis forabatement in all countries;

(c) By the year 2000, to establish, as appropriate, integrated

2000


4/24

4

programmes for tackling pollution at the source and at thedisposal site, with a focus on abatement actions in allcountries;

Commission on

SustainableDevelopment

2nd Session ReportReview of sectoralcluster: health,humansettlements andfreshwater1. Protecting andpromoting humanhealth

108. The Commission invites the Inter-Agency Committee onSustainable Development (IACSD) to consider in its follow-up work onchapter 6 of Agenda 21 and in the preparation of the 1997 review, thefollowing priority areas:(e) Developing an effective and efficient environmental healthinformation system to collect and disseminate national, regional andinternational information on newly emerging environmental healthproblems by 1997.

1997

Johannesburg Planof Implementation

Chapter IV - Healthand SustainableDevelopment

54. (e) Promote and develop partnerships to enhance healtheducation with the objective of achieving improved health literacy on aglobal basis by 2010, with the involvement of United Nations agencies,as appropriate;

54. (f) Develop programmes and initiatives to reduce, by the year2015, mortality rates for infants and children under 5 by two thirds,and maternal mortality rates by three quarters, of the prevailing rate in2000, and reduce disparities between and within developed anddeveloping countries as quickly as possible, with particular attention toeliminating the pattern of disproportionate and preventable mortalityamong girl infants and children;

55. Implement, within the agreed time frames, all commitmentsagreed in the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS adopted by theGeneral Assembly at its twenty-sixth special session, emphasizing inparticular the reduction of HIV prevalence among young men andwomen aged 15 to 24 by 25 per cent in the most affected countries by2005, and globally by 2010, as well as combat malaria, tuberculosis

and other diseases by, inter alia:

200520102015

Millennium Summit

Outcome

MillenniumDevelopment Goals

1C. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whosuffer from hunger4.A. Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-fivemortality rate5.A. Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio5.B. Achieve universal access to reproductive health6.B. Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS forall those who need it6.C. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence ofmalaria and other major diseases6.A. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS8.E. In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to

affordable essential drugs in developing countries

2015


5/24

5

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS


Agenda 21 (7.38)

Section 1Chapter 7

Promoting SustainableHuman SettlementDevelopmentD. Promoting theintegrated provision ofenvironmentalinfrastructure: water,sanitation, drainageand solid-wastemanagement

7.38. The objective is to ensure the provision of adequateenvironmental infrastructure facilities in all settlements by the year2025. The achievement of this objective would require that all

developing countries incorporate in their national strategiesprogrammes to build the necessary technical, financial and humanresource capacity aimed at ensuring better integration of infrastructureand environmental planning by the year 2000.

2025

Johannesburg Plan

of ImplementationChapter II Poverty

Eradication

10. To achieve a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100million slum dwellers, as proposed in the 'Cities without slums'initiative.

2020

EDUCATION


Agenda 21 (25.5)

Section 3Chapter 25 Children

and Youth in SDA: Advancing the roleof youth and activelyinvolving them in theprotection of theenvironment and thepromotion ofeconomic and socialdevelopment

25.5 Each country, by the year 2000, should ensure that more than 50per cent of its youth, gender balanced, are enrolled in or have accessto appropriate secondary education or equivalent educational or

vocational training programmes by increasing participation and accessrates on an annual basis.

2000


Chapter X Means ofImplementation

116 (a) Meet the Millennium development goal of achieving universalprimary education, ensuring that, by 2015, children everywhere, boysand girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primaryschooling;

120. Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by2005, as provided in the Dakar Framework for Action on Education for

All, and at all levels of education no later than 2015, to meet thedevelopment goals contained in the Millennium Declaration, with actionto ensure, inter alia, equal access to all levels and forms of education,training and capacity-building by gender mainstreaming, and bycreating a gender-sensitive educational system.

2015

2005 - 2015


Chapter VIII

(e) Support the development of national programmes and strategies topromote education within the context of nationally owned and ledstrategies for poverty reduction and strengthen research institutions in

2015


6/24

6

SustainableDevelopment for

Africa

education in order to increase the capacity to fully support the achievementof internationally agreed development goals related to education, includingthose contained in the Millennium Declaration on ensuring that, by 2015,children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a fullcourse of primary schooling and that girls and boys will have equal accessto all levels of education relevant to national needs;

Millennium Summit

Outcome


2.A. Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike,will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

3.A. Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education,preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

2015

POVERTY AND EMPLOYMENT


Millennium SummitOutcome


1A. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whoseincome is less than $1 a day

1B. Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all,including women and young people

2015


7/24

7

Environmental Management Targets

LAND


Agenda 21 (10.5)Chapter 10 Integrated Approachto the Planning andManagement of LandResources

10.... In more specific terms, the objectives are as follows:(a) To review and develop policies to support the best possible use

of land and the sustainable management of land resources, bynot later than 1996;

(b) To improve and strengthen planning, management andevaluation systems for land and land resources, by not later than2000;

(c) To strengthen institutions and coordinating mechanisms for landand land resources, by not later than 1998;

(d) To create mechanisms to facilitate the active involvement andparticipation of all concerned, particularly communities andpeople at the local level, in decision-making on land use andmanagement, by not later than 1996.

1996 2000

Agenda 21 (12.40)Chapter 12 Managing FragileEcosystems:CombatingDesertification andDrought

12.40 The General Assembly, at its forty-seventh session, should berequested to establish, under the aegis of the General Assembly, anintergovernmental negotiating committee for the elaboration of aninternational convention to combat desertification in in those countriesexperiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in

Africa, with a view to finalizing such a convention by June 1994.

1994

Agenda 21 (13.15)

Section 2Chapter 13: ManagingFragile Ecosystems Sustainable MountainDevelopment

B. Promotingintegrated watersheddevelopment andalternative livelihoodopportunities

13.15 The objectives of this programme area are:(a) By the year 2000, to develop appropriate land-use planning

and management for both arable and non-arable land inmountain-fed watershed areas to prevent soil erosion, increasebiomass production and maintain the ecological balance;

2000

Agenda 21 (14.44)

Section 2Chapter 14 Promoting Sustainable

Agriculture and RuralDevelopmentE. Land Conservationand Rehabilitation

14.44 The objectives of this programme area are:(a) By the year 2000, to review and initiate, as appropriate,

national land-resource surveys, detailing the location, extentand severity of land degradation;

2000


8/24

8

FORESTS


Agenda 21 (11.2)

Section 2

Chapter 11-CombatingDeforestation

A: Sustaining themultiple roles andfunctions of all typesof forests, forestlands,and woodlands

11.2. By the year 2000, to strengthen the capacities and capabilities ofnational institutions to enable them to acquire the necessary knowledge

for the protection and conservation of forests, as well as to expandtheir scope and, correspondingly, enhance the effectiveness ofprogrammes and activities related to the management anddevelopment of forests;

2000

BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS

Convention on

Biological Diversity

6th Conference of thePartiesDecision VI/26B. Mission

11. Parties commit themselves to a more effective and coherentimplementation of the three objectives of the Convention, to achieveby 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss atthe global, regional and national level as a contribution to povertyalleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth.

2010

Convention on


7th Conference ofPartiesDecision VII/30Seven Focal Areas for

the BiodiversityTarget, including subgoals and targets

Focal Area: Protect the components of biodiversity

Goal 1. Promote the conservation of the biological diversity ofecosystems, habitats and biomesTarget 1.1: At least 10% of each of the world's ecological regionseffectively conserved.Target 1.2: Areas of particular importance to biodiversity protected

Goal 2. Promote the conservation of species diversityTarget 2.1: Restore, maintain, or reduce the decline of populations ofspecies of selected taxonomic groupsTarget 2.2: Status of threatened species improved.

Goal 3. Promote the conservation of genetic diversityTarget 3.1: Genetic diversity of crops, livestock, and of harvestedspecies of trees, fish and wildlife and other valuable species conserved,and associated indigenous and local knowledge maintained.

Focal Area: Promote sustainable use

Goal 4. Promote sustainable use and consumption.Target 4.1: Biodiversity-based products derived from sources that aresustainably managed, and Production areas managed consistent withthe conservation of biodiversity.Target 4.2: Unsustainable consumption, of biological resources, or thatimpacts upon biodiversity, reduced.Target 4.3: No species of wild flora or fauna endangered byinternational trade.

Focal Area: Address threats to biodiversityGoal 5. Pressures from habitat loss, land use change and degradation,and unsustainable water use, reduced.


9/24

9

Target 5.1: Rate of loss and degradation of natural habitats decreased.Goal 6. Control threats from invasive alien species.Target 6.1: Pathways for major potential alien invasive speciescontrolled.Target 6.2: Management plans in place for major alien species thatthreaten ecosystems, habitats or species.Goal 7.Address challenges to biodiversity from climate change, andpollution.

Target 7.1: Maintain and enhance resilience of the components ofbiodiversity to adapt to climate changeTarget 7.2: Reduce pollution and its impacts on biodiversity

Focal Area: Maintain goods and services from biodiversity to

support human well-being

Goal 8. Maintain capacity of ecosystems to deliver goods and servicesand support livelihoodsTarget 8.1: Capacity of ecosystems to deliver goods and servicesmaintained.Target 8.2: biological resources that support sustainable livelihoods,local food security and health care, especially of poor peoplemaintained.

Focal Area: Protect traditional knowledge, innovations and

practicesGoal 9 Maintain socio-cultural diversity of indigenous and localcommunitiesTarget 9.1 Protect traditional knowledge, innovations and practicesTarget 9.2: Protect the rights of indigenous and local communities overtheir traditional knowledge, innovations and practices, including theirrights to benefit sharing

Focal Area: Ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefitsarising out of the use of genetic resources

Goal 10. Ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising outof the use of genetic resources

Target 10.1: All transfers of genetic resources are in line with theConvention on Biological Diversity, the International Treaty on PlantGenetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and other applicableagreements.Target 10.2: Benefits arising from the commercial and other utilizationof genetic resources shared with the countries providing suchresources.

Focal Area: Ensure provision of adequate resources

Goal 11: Parties have improved financial, human, scientific, technicaland technological capacity to implement the ConventionTarget 11.1: New and additional financial resources are transferred todeveloping country Parties, to allow for the effective implementation of

their commitments under the Convention, in accordance with Article20.Target 11.2: Technology is transferred to developing country Parties, toallow for the effective implementation of their commitments under theConvention, in accordance with its Article 20, paragraph 4.

Convention on


10th Conference of theParties (COP10)Decision X/IIStrategic Plan for

Strategic goal A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity

loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government andsociety

Target 1: By 2020, at the latest, people are aware of the values ofbiodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use itsustainably.

2020


10/24

10

Biodiversity 2011-2020IV Strategic Goals and

Aichi BiodiversityTargets

Target 2: By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have beenintegrated into national and local development and poverty reductionstrategies and planning processes and are being incorporated intonational accounting, as appropriate, and reporting systems.Target 3: By 2020, at the latest, incentives, including subsidies,harmful to biodiversity are eliminated, phased out or reformed in orderto minimize or avoid negative impacts, and positive incentives for theconservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are developed and

applied, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and otherrelevant international obligations, taking into account national socioeconomic conditions.Target 4: By 2020, at the latest, Governments, business andstakeholders at all levels have taken steps to achieve or haveimplemented plans for sustainable production and consumption andhave kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safeecological limits.

Strategic goal B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity

and promote sustainable use

Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, includingforests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and

degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.Target 6:By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plantsare managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applyingecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recoveryplans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries haveno significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerableecosystems and the impacts of fisheries on stocks, species andecosystems are within safe ecological limits.Target 7:By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestryare managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity.Target 8: By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, hasbeen brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem functionand biodiversity.Target 9: By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identifiedand prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, andmeasures are in place to manage pathways to prevent theirintroduction and establishment.Target 10: By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coralreefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change orocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity andfunctioning.

Strategic goal C. Improve the status of biodiversity by

safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity

Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inlandwater areas, and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especiallyareas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services,are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologicallyrepresentative and well connected systems of protected areas and

other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated intothe wider landscapes and seascapes.Target 12: By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species hasbeen prevented and their conservation status, particularly of thosemost in decline, has been improved and sustained.Target 13: By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants andfarmed and domesticated animals and of wild relatives, including othersocio-economically as well as culturally valuable species, is maintained,


11/24

11

and strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizinggenetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity.

Strategic goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversityand ecosystem services

Target 14: By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services,including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoodsand well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account theneeds of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor andvulnerable.Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution ofbiodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservationand restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent ofdegraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate changemitigation and adaptation and to combating desertification.Target 16: By 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access to GeneticResources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising fromtheir Utilization is in force and operational, consistent with nationallegislation.

Strategic goal E. Enhance implementation throughparticipatory planning, knowledge management and capacity-

building

Target 17: By 2015 each Party has developed, adopted as a policyinstrument, and has commenced implementing an effective,participatory and updated national biodiversity strategy and actionplan.Target 18: By 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations andpractices of indigenous and local communities relevant for theconservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and their customaryuse of biological resources, are respected, subject to nationallegislation and relevant international obligations, and fully integratedand reflected in the implementation of the Convention with the full and

effective participation of indigenous and local communities, at allrelevant levels.Target 19: By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologiesrelating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends, andthe consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared andtransferred, and applied.Target 20: By 2020, at the latest, the mobilization of financialresources for effectively implementing the Strategic Plan forBiodiversity 2011-2020 from all sources, and in accordance with theconsolidated and agreed process in the Strategy for ResourceMobilization, should increase substantially from the current levels. Thistarget will be subject to changes contingent to resource needsassessments to be developed and reported by Parties.



7.B:Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significantreduction in the rate of loss

2010


12/24

12

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD


Agenda 21 (14.8)

Section 2Chapter 14:

Promoting SustainableAgriculture and RuralDevelopment

A. Agricultural policyreview, planning andintegratedprogrammes in thelight of themultifunctional aspectof agriculture,particularly withregard to foodsecurity and

sustainabledevelopment

14.8. The objectives of this Programme area are:(a) By 1995, to review and, where appropriate, establish a

programme to integrate environmental and sustainable

development with policy analysis for the food and agriculturesector and relevant macroeconomic policy analysis, formulationand implementation;

(b) To maintain and develop, as appropriate, operationalmultisectoral plans, programmes and policy measures,including programmes and measures to enhance sustainablefood production and food security within the framework ofsustainable development, not later than 1998;

(c) To maintain and enhance the ability of developing countries,particularly the least developed ones, to themselves managepolicy, programming and planning activities, not later than2005.

1995 2005

Agenda 21 (14.56)

Section 2Chapter 14:Promoting Sustainable

Agriculture and RuralDevelopmentG. Conservation andsustainable utilizationof plant geneticresources for food andsustainable agriculture

14.56 The objectives of this programme area are:(c) Not later than the year 2000, to adopt policies and strengthen orestablish programmes for in situ on-farm and ex situ conservation andsustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture,integrated into strategies and programmes for sustainable agriculture;

2000

Agenda 21 (14.74)Section 2Chapter 14:Promoting Sustainable

Agriculture and RuralDevelopmentI. Integrated pestmanagement andcontrol in agriculture

14.74 The objectives of this programme area are:(a) Not later than the year 2000, to improve and implement plantprotection and animal health services, including mechanisms to controlthe distribution and use of pesticides, and to implement theInternational Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use ofPesticides;(c) Not later than the year 1998, to establish operational andinteractive networks among farmers, researchers and extensionservices to promote and develop integrated pest management.

1998 2000

Agenda 21 (14.84)


Agriculture and RuralDevelopmentJ. Sustainable PlantNutrition to increasefood production

14.84 The objectives of this programme area are:(a) Not later than the year 2000, to develop and maintain in all

countries the integrated plant nutrition approach, and tooptimize availability of fertilizer and other plant nutrient

sources(b) Not later than the year 2000, to establish and maintain

institutional and human infrastructure to enhance effectivedecision-making on soil productivity;

2000

Johannesburg Plan

of Implementation

IV Protecting andManaging the naturalresource base of

40. Agriculture plays a crucial role in addressing the needs of agrowing global population and is inextricably linked to povertyeradication, especially in developing countries... This would includeactions at all levels to:(a) Achieve the Millennium Declaration target to halve by the year

2015


13/24

13

economic and socialdevelopment

2015 the proportion of the worlds people who suffer from hunger andrealize the right to a standard of living adequate for the health andwell-being of themselves and their families, including food, including bypromoting food security and fighting hunger in combination withmeasures which address poverty, consistent with the outcome of theWorld Food Summit and, for States Parties, with their ob ligationsunder article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social andCultural Rights;

ENERGY


Agenda 21 (14.74)


Agriculture and RuralDevelopmentK. Rural energytransition to enhanceproductivity

14.93 The objectives of this programme area are:(a) Not later than the year 2000, to initiate and encourage a processof environmentally sound energy transition in rural communities, fromunsustainable energy sources, to structured and diversified energy

sources by making available alternative new and renewable sources ofenergy;

2000

Johannesburg Plan

of Implementation

Chapter VII SmallIsland DevelopingStates

59. Support the availability of adequate, affordable and environmentallysound energy services for the sustainable development of small islanddeveloping States by, inter alia:(a) Strengthening ongoing and supporting new efforts on energysupply and services, by 2004, including through the United Nationssystem and partnership initiatives;

2004

FRESHWATER


Agenda 21 (18.11)

Section 2Chapter 18:Protection of theQuality and Supply ofFreshwaterResources:

Application ofIntegrated

Approaches to theDevelopment,Management and Useof Water Resources

A. Integrated waterresourcesdevelopment andmanagement

18.11.All States, according to their capacity and available resources,and through bilateral or multilateral cooperation, including the UnitedNations and other relevant organizations as appropriate, could set thefollowing targets:(a) By the year 2000: i. To have designed and initiated costed and targeted national actionprogrammes, and to have put in place appropriate institutional

structures and legal instruments; ii. To have established efficient water-use programmes to attainsustainable resource utilization patterns;(b) By the year 2025:

i. To have achieved subsectoral targets of all freshwaterprogramme areas.

It is understood that the fulfillment of the targets quantified in (i) and(ii) above will depend upon new and additional financial resources thatwill be made available to developing countries in accordance with the

20002025


14/24

14

relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution 44/228.

Agenda 21 (18.26)

Section 2Chapter 18:Protection of theQuality and Supply ofFreshwaterResources:


Approaches to theDevelopment,Management and Useof Water Resources

A. Water ResourcesAssessment

18.26.All States , according to their capacity and available resources,and through bilateral or multilateral cooperation, including cooperationwith the United Nations and other relevant organizations, asappropriate, could set the following targets: (a) By the year 2000, to have studied in detail the feasibility ofinstalling water resources assessment services;

2000

Agenda 21 (18.39)

Section 2Chapter 18:Protection of the

Quality and Supply ofFreshwaterResources:


Approaches to theDevelopment,Management and Useof Water ResourcesC. Protection of waterresources, waterquality and aquaticecosystems

18.39.All States, according to their capacity and available resources,through bilateral or multilateral cooperation, including the UnitedNations and other relevant organizations as appropriate, could set thefollowing targets:

(e) To reduce the prevalence of water-associated diseases, startingwith the eradication of dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) andonchocerciasis (river blindness) by the year 2000;

2000

Agenda 21 (18.58)Section 2Chapter 18:Protection of theQuality and Supply ofFreshwaterResources:


Approaches to theDevelopment,Management and Useof Water ResourcesE. Water and

sustainable urbandevelopment

18.58.All States, according to their capacity and available resources,and through bilateral or multilateral cooperation, including the UnitedNations and other relevant organizations as appropriate, could set thefollowing targets (a) By the year 2000, to have ensured that all urban residents haveaccess to at least 40 litres per capita per day of safe water and that 75per cent of the urban population are provided with on- site orcommunity facilities for sanitation; (b) By the year 2000, to have established and applied quantitativeand qualitative discharge standards for municipal and industrialeffluents (c) By the year 2000, to have ensured that 75 per cent of solid wastegenerated in urban areas are collected and recycled or disposed of inan environmentally safe way.

2000

Johannesburg Plan

of Implementation

Chapter II: PovertyEradication

8. The provision of clean drinking water and adequate sanitation isnecessary to protect human health and the environment. In thisrespect, we agree to halve, by the year 2015, the proportion of peoplewho are unable to reach or to afford safe drinking water (as outlined inthe Millennium Declaration) and the proportion of people who do nothave access to basic sanitation

2015

Johannesburg Plan 26. Develop integrated water resources management and water 2005


15/24

15

of Implementation

Chapter IV Protecting andManaging the NaturalResource base ofSustainableDevelopment

efficiency plans by 2005, with support to developing countries



7C. Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population withoutsustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

2015

ATMOSPHERE


Kyoto Protocol to

the UN FrameworkConention onClimate Change

Article 3

1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure

that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissionsof the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assignedamounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation andreduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance withthe provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overallemissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in thecommitment period 2008 to 2012.2. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have madedemonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under thisProtocol.

2012

2005

Johannesburg Plan

of Implementation

Chapter IV

Protecting andmanaging the naturalresource base ofeconomic and socialdevelopment

39. Enhance cooperation at the international, regional and nationallevels to reduce air pollution, including transboundary air pollution, aciddeposition and ozone depletion, bearing in mind the Rio principles,

including, inter alia, the principle that, in view of the differentcontributions to global environmental degradation, States havecommon but differentiated responsibilities, with actions at all levels to:

(b) Facilitate implementation of the Montreal Protocol on Substancesthat Deplete the Ozone Layer by ensuring adequate replenishment ofits fund by 2003/2005;

(d) Improve access by developing countries to affordable, accessible,cost- effective, safe and environmentally sound alternatives to ozone-depleting substances by 2010, and assist them in complying with thephase-out schedule under the Montreal Protocol, bearing in mind thatozone depletion and climate change are scientifically and technically

interrelated;

2003/5

2010


16/24

16

CHEMICALS


Agenda 21 (19.13)

Section 2Chapter 19

Environmentallysound management oftoxic chemicals

A. Expanding andacceleratinginternationalassessment ofchemical risks

19.13.The objectives of this programme area are: (a) To strengthen international risk assessment. Several hundredpriority chemicals or groups of chemicals, including major pollutants

and contaminants of global significance, should be assessed by theyear 2000, using current selection and assessment criteria;

2000

Agenda 21 (19.27)

Section 2Chapter 19 Environmentally

sound management oftoxic chemicalsB. Harmonization ofclassification andlabeling of chemicals

19.27.A globally harmonized hazard classification and compatiblelabeling system, including material safety data sheets and easilyunderstandable symbols, should be available, if feasible, by the year2000.

2000

Agenda 21 (19.38)

Section 2Chapter 19 Environmentallysound management oftoxic chemicalsC. Informationexchange on toxic

chemicals andchemical risks

19.38 The objectives of this programme area are: (b) To achieve by the year 2000, as feasible, full participation in andimplementation of the PIC procedure, including possible mandatoryapplications through legally binding instruments contained in the

Amended London Guidelines and in the FAO International Code ofConduct, taking into account the experience gained within the PICprocedure.

2000

Agenda 21 (19.58)

Section 2Chapter 19 Environmentallysound management oftoxic chemicalsE. Strengthening ofnational capabilitiesand capacities formanagement ofchemicals

19.58.By the year 2000, national systems for environmentally soundmanagement of chemicals, including legislation and provisions forimplementation and enforcement, should be in place in all countries tothe extent possible.

2000

Commission on

SustainableDevelopment

Second SessionReport

Annex: Priorities forAction adopted by theInternationalConference onChemical Safety

1. Needs for different types of health and environmental risk assessmentsshould be identified and criteria for setting priorities for the various typesof risk assessments should be agreed. Applying these criteria, an initial listof chemicals (including those of high production volume) for riskassessment by the year 1997 should be established as soon as possible.3. An inventory of risk assessments that are planned, in preparation orcompleted should be established before the end of 1994.6. Taking into account the results of the activities recommended in items 1and 2 and making full use of the evaluations produced by United Nationsbodies, OECD, and others, 200 additional chemicals should be evaluated by1997.

199419972000


17/24

17

Programme area A.Expanding andacceleratinginternationalassessment ofchemical risks

7. If the target in item 6 is met, another 300 chemicals should beevaluated by 2000.

Commission onSustainable

Development


Annex: Priorities forAction adopted by theInternationalConference onChemical SafetyProgramme area B.Harmonization ofclassification andlabeling of chemicalsProgramme area C.

Information exchangeon toxic chemicalsand chemical risks

1. The ongoing technical work on classification criteria should bestrengthened to enable finalization by 1997. Continued work to harmonizeclassification systems and to establish compatible hazard communicationsystems, including labelling and safety data sheets, should be completedby 2000.3. Relevant data available from international bodies should be ifeconomically feasible, by 1997 on CD/ROM or other appropriate media,together with suitable searching and updating facilities.7. All countries should have nominated, by 1997, designated authorities forparticipation in the PIC procedure.9. All countries which export chemicals subject to the PIC procedure shouldhave the necessary mechanisms in place by 1997, includingimplementation and enforcement provisions, to ensure that export doesnot take place contrary to importing countries decisions. Importingcountries should also establish the necessary mechanisms.10. In all developing countries and countries in economic transition,

training should have been made available by 1997 in the implementation ofthe London Guidelines and the PIC procedure.6. By 1997 not less than 25 more countries should have implementedsystems for of major industrial accidents in accordance with internationalprinciples such as those contained in the 1993 ILO Convention (No 174) onthe Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents and the United NationsEconomic for Europe (UN/ECE) Convention on Transboundary Effects ofIndustrial Accidents

1997 -

2000


Development

Second Session

ReportAnnex: Priorities forAction adopted by theInternationalConference onChemical SafetyProgramme area D.Establishment of riskreductionprogrammes

7. By 1997 not less than 50 more countries should have introducednational systems for emergency preparedness and response, including astrategy for education and training of personnel, with the aid of, inter alia,the APELL-40-programme and the ILO Code of Practice on the Prevention of MajorIndustrial Accidents (1991).

8. By 1997 not less than 40 more countries should have established poisoncontrol centres with related clinical and analytical facilities, and goodprogress should have been made on harmonizing systems for recordingdata in different countries.

1997


Development


Annex: Priorities forAction adopted by theInternationalConference onChemical SafetyProgramme area E:Strengthening ofnational capabilitiesand capacities for

2. National profiles to indicate the current capabilities and capacities formanagement of chemicals and the specific needs for improvement shouldbe elaborated as soon as possible and not later than 1997.

4. By 1997 mechanisms for ensuring liaison of all parties involved inchemical safety activities within a country should be established in themajority of countries

1997


18/24

18

management ofchemicals


Chapter III ChangingUnsustainablePatterns ofConsumption andProduction

23. Renew the commitment, as advanced in Agenda 21, to soundmanagement of chemicals throughout their life cycle and of hazardouswastes for sustainable development as well as for the protection of humanhealth and the environment, inter alia, aiming to achieve, by 2020, thatchemicals are used and produced in ways that lead to the minimization ofsignificant adverse effects on human health and the environment...

(c) Encourage countries to implement the new globally harmonizedsystem for the classification and labeling of chemicals as soon as possiblewith a view to having the system fully operational by 2008;

20202008

WASTE


Agenda 21 (21.9)

Section 3Chapter 21 Environmentallysound managementof Solid Wastes andSewage-related issues

A. Waste Minimisation

21.9. Governments, according to their capacities and available resourcesand with the cooperation of the United Nations and other relevantorganizations, as appropriate, should:(a) By the year 2000, ensure sufficient national, regional and internationalcapacity to access, process and monitor waste trend information andimplement waste minimization policies;(b) By the year 2000, have in place in all industrialized countriesprogrammes to stabilize or reduce, if practicable, production of wastesdestined for final disposal, including per capita wastes (where this conceptapplies), at the level prevailing at that date; developing countries as wellshould work towards that goal without jeopardizing their developmentprospects;(c) Apply by the year 2000, in all countries, in particular in industrializedcountries, programmes to reduce the production of agrochemical wastes,containers and packaging materials, which do not meet hazardouscharacteristics.

2000

Agenda 21 (21.18)Section 3Chapter 21 Environmentallysound managementof Solid Wastes andSewage-related issuesB. Maximizingenvironmentally soundwaste reuse andrecycling

21.18 Governments, according to their capacities and availableresources and with the cooperation of the United Nations and otherrelevant organizations, as appropriate, should:(a) By the year 2000, promote sufficient financial and technologicalcapacities at the regional, national and local levels, as appropriate, toimplement waste reuse and recycling policies and actions;(b) By the year 2000, in all industrialized countries, and by the year2010, in all developing countries, have a national programme,including, to the extent possible, targets for efficient waste reuse andrecycling.

2000

Agenda 21 (21.29)

Section 3Chapter 21 Environmentallysound managementof Solid Wastes andSewage-related issuesC. Promotingenvironmentally soundwaste disposal andtreatmentD. Extending waste

21.29.Governments, according to their capacities and available resourcesand with the cooperation of the United Nations and other relevantorganizations, as appropriate, should:(a) By the year 2000, establish waste treatment and disposal qualitycriteria, objectives and standards based on the nature and assimilativecapacity of the receiving environment;(b) By the year 2000, establish sufficient capacity to undertake waste-related pollution impact monitoring and conduct regular surveillance,including epidemiological surveillance, where appropriate;(c) By the year 1995, in industrialized countries, and by the year 2005, indeveloping countries, ensure that at least 50 per cent of all sewage, wastewaters and solid wastes are treated or disposed of in conformity with

2000

2000

1995


19/24

19

service coverage national or international environmental and health quality guidelines;(d) By the year 2025, dispose of all sewage, waste waters and solid wastesin conformity with national or international environmental qualityguidelines.

2025

Agenda 21 (21.39)

Section 3Chapter 21 Environmentally

sound managementof Solid Wastes andSewage-related issuesD. Extending wasteservice coverage

21.39.The overall objective of this programme is to provide health-protecting, environmentally safe waste collection and disposal services toall people. Governments, according to their capacities and availableresources and with the cooperation of the United Nations and other

relevant organizations, as appropriate, should:(a) By the year 2000, have the necessary technical, financial and humanresource capacity to provide waste collection services commensurate withneeds;(b) By the year 2025, provide all urban populations with adequate wasteservices;(c) By the year 2025, ensure that full urban waste service coverage ismaintained and sanitation coverage achieved in all rural areas.

2000

2025

2025


20/24

20

Governance and Implementation

INTEGRATION




Integrate the principles of sustainable development into countrypolicies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmentalresources

2015

MAJOR GROUPS AND CIVIL SOCIETY


Agenda 21 (25.5)

Section 3Chapter 25 Childrenand Youth in SD

A: Advancing the roleof youth and activelyinvolving them in theprotection of theenvironment and thepromotion ofeconomic and socialdevelopment

25.5 Each country, by the year 2000, should ensure that more than 50per cent of its youth, gender balanced, are enrolled in or have accessto appropriate secondary education or equivalent educational orvocational training programmes by increasing participation and accessrates on an annual basis.

2000

Agenda 21 (25.9)

Section 3Chapter 25 Childrenand Youth in SD

A: Advancing the roleof youth and activelyinvolving them in theprotection of theenvironment and thepromotion ofeconomic and socialdevelopment

25.9. Governments, according to their strategies, should take measures to:(a) Establish procedures allowing for consultation and possible participationof youth of both genders, by 1993, in decision-making processes with

regard to the environment, involving youth at the local, national andregional levels;

1993

Agenda 21 (27.7)

Section 3Chapter 27 Strengthening the roleof NGOs: Partners forSustainableDevelopment

27.7. By 1995, a mutually productive dialogue should be established at thenational level between all Governments and non-governmentalorganizations and their self-organized networks to recognize andstrengthen their respective roles in implementing environmentally sound

and sustainable development.

1995

Agenda 21 (28.2)

Section 3Chapter 28 Local

Authorities' Initiativesin support of Agenda21

Objectives

28.2. The following objectives are proposed for this programme area:(a) By 1996, most local authorities in each country should have undertakena consultative process with their populations and achieved a consensus on"a local Agenda 21" for the community;(b) By 1993, the international community should have initiated aconsultative process aimed at increasing cooperation between local

1996

1993


21/24

21

authorities;(c) By 1994, representatives of associations of cities and other localauthorities should have increased levels of cooperation and coordinationwith the goal of enhancing the exchange of information and experienceamong local authorities;

1994

Agenda 21 (29.3)

Section 3Chapter 29

Strengthening the roleof workers and theirtrade unions

29.3. To that end the following objectives are proposed foraccomplishment by the year 2000:(a) To promote ratification of relevant conventions of ILO and the

enactment of legislation in support of those conventions;(b) To establish bipartite and tr ipartite mechanisms on safety, health andsustainable development;(c) To increase the number of environmental collective agreements aimedat achieving sustainable development;(d) To reduce occupational accidents, injuries and diseases according torecognized statistical reporting procedures;(e) To increase the provision of workers' education, training andretraining, particularly in the area of occupational health and safety andenvironment.

2000

Agenda 21 (29.3)

Section 3Chapter 35 Science

for SustainableDevelopmentD. Building upscientific capacity andcapability

35.21.The primary objective is to improve the scientific capacities of allcountries - in particular, those of developing countries - with specificregard to:

(b) A substantial increase by the year 2000 in the number of scientists- particularly women scientists - in those developing countries wheretheir number is at present insufficient;

2000

Agenda 21 (24.2)Section 3Chapter 24Global Action forWomen towardsSustainable andEquitable

Development

24.2. The following objectives are proposed for national Governments:(c) To consider developing and issuing by the year 2000 a strategy ofchanges necessary to eliminate constitutional, legal, administrative,cultural, behavioural, social and economic obstacles to women's fullparticipation in sustainable development and in public life;(d) To establish by the year 1995 mechanisms at the national, regional andinternational levels to assess the implementation and impact ofdevelopment and environment policies and programmes on women and toensure their contributions and benefits;

2000

1995

Agenda 21 (24.2)

Section 3Chapter 24Global Action forWomen towardsSustainable andEquitableDevelopment

24.5. States parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms ofDiscrimination against Women should review and suggest amendments toit by the year 2000, with a view to strengthening those elements of theConvention related to environment and development, giving specialattention to the issue of access and entitlements to natural resources,technology, creative banking facilities and low- cost housing, and thecontrol of pollution and toxicity in the home and workplace.

2000

CAPACITY BUILDING AND GOVERNANCE


Agenda 21 (37.4)

Section 4Chapter 37 NationalMechanisms andInternationalCooperation for

37.4. Specific objectives include the following:(a) Each country should aim to complete, as soon as practicable, if possibleby 1994, a review of capacity- and capability-building requirements fordevising national sustainabledevelopment strategies, including those for generating and implementingits own Agenda 21 action programme;

1994


22/24

22

Capacity Building inDeveloping Countries

(b) By 1997, the Secretary-General should submit to the General Assemblya report on the achievement of improved policies, coordination systemsand procedures for strengthening the implementation of technicalcooperation programmes for sustainable development, as well as onadditional measures required to strengthen such cooperation. That reportshould be prepared on the basis of information provided by countries,international organizations, environment and development institutions,donor agencies and non- governmental partners.

1997

Johannesburg Plan

of Implementation

Chapter XI -InstitutionalFramework forSustainableDevelopmentH.Strengtheninginstitutionalframeworks forsustainabledevelopment at thenational level

(b) Take immediate steps to make progress in the formulation andelaboration of national strategies for sustainable development andbegin their implementation by 2005.

2005



8.A. Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system8.B. Address the special needs of least developed countries8.C. Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries andsmall island developing States8.D. Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developingcountries8.F. In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits ofnew technologies, especially information and communications

2015

FINANCE


Agenda 21(33.19)

Section 3Chapter 33 FinancialResources andMechanismsMeans ofImplementation

33.19.Developed countries and others in a position to do so should makeinitial financial commitments to give effect to the decisions of theConference. They should report on such plans and commitments to theUnited Nations General Assembly at its forty-seventh session, in 1992.

1992


23/24

23

ABOUT STAKEHOLDER FORUM

Stakeholder Forum is an international organisation working to advance sustainable developmentand promote stakeholder democracy at a global level. Our work aims to enhance open,accountable and participatory international decision-making on sustainable development.

Stakeholder Forum works across four key areas: Global Policy and Advocacy (including GlobalGovernance); Stakeholder Engagement; Media and Communications; and Capacity Building.

OUR WORK TOWARDS EARTH SUMMIT 2012

Achieving sustainable development requires cooperation among a vast range of stakeholders.Stakeholder Forum is working with representatives from all nine Major Groups globally in its worktowards Earth Summit 2012, to enhance involvement of civil society in the Summit process. To thisend it is producing analysis, facilitating dialogue, hosting workshops, conducting consultations andbuilding multi-stakeholder coalitions. To communicate its work it is also producing radio podcasts,videos and animations to engage a wide diversity of stakeholders.

Stakeholder Forum has set up www.earthsummit2012.org as an information hub to provideupdates, background information and analysis towards Rio+20. It is intended that this site will alsoact as a platform to connect organisations and stakeholders interested in engaging in thepreparatory process.


24/24

Documents

Global Sustainability Targets