Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Somak Raychaudhury Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune ([email protected])
Global projects in Astrophysics for India
INSA Anniversary meeting 27 December 2017
LIGO-India
2
Gravitational Waves
3
Detection of Gravitational Waves received the top awards in science,
marking a glorious beginning of Gravitational Wave Astronomy
LIGO-India is a great opportunity for science, human resource development and technology spin-offs. Needs urgent funding to enable setting up of related theoretical and
experimental groups and laboratories in the institutions and universities.
40 authors from Indian institutions in discovery paper
GW Spectrum: Sources & Detectors
4
LIGO-India A Mega-Science project on Indian Soil
Indian observatory: setup, commission & operate. [Lead institutes: IPR,IUCAA, RRCAT] Fundamental Discovery of Einstein’s messengers:
LIGO-India GW Astronomy New window to the Universe!
Strategic geographical advantage on India, Demographic advantage of India Global cooperation, not competition
Joint venture with LIGO Lab. USA (Caltech, MIT)
High end Science Technology and Engineering. Transformational for Indian capabilities and high tech skills enabling cutting edge work in photonics, lasers & vacuum technology) Industrial Connection
LIGO-G1701635
Indo-US collaboration
Funding agencies: NSF (USA) and jointly DAE (India) & DST (India) Institutions: LIGO Lab., Caltech & MIT (USA), together with
LIGO-India Stakeholders
1. Inter-University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune
2. Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), Gandhinagar 3. Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology
(RRCAT), Indore 4. Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate
Management (DCSEM), Mumbai Last three affiliated to Dept of Atomic Energy, India
★ ★
★ ★
7
LIGO-India ‘preferred’ site
8
LIGO-India ‘preferred’ site
Highly Multi-disciplinary project
Emerging Research themes (in the building phase) • Squeezed light technology: US LIGO observatories will soon
introduce squeezed light in the vacuum port to improve SNR.
• Improved Mirror coating : Thermal noise of the mirror coatings are expected to become the limiting source of noise in the mid frequency band. LI must participate in this global challenge with LSC
• Advanced Optics & Laser technology: Fiber based approach to High power stabilised laser solutions, future cryogenic silicon optics, scatter losses in mirrors.
• Control Systems
• Mitigating Newtonian Gravity noise: Direct gravitational coupling between moving ground mass and the test masses, a.k.a., Newtonian Noise (NN). Precise measurements of seismic waves, online/offline adaptive noise cancellation
• Wind loading noise on LIGO-India building structure: Variable tilt introduces on the building foundation to strong gusts of wind
10
11 Series of meetings at IUCAA to build LI S&T community
4 meetings in 2016, more coming
Indian Institutions: IUCAA, IPR, RRCAT, IIT Madras, IIT Delhi, IIT Kanpur, IISER Pune, IISER Tvm, IISER Kolkata, TIFR Mumbai, TIFR Hyderabad, ICTS-TIFR, Physical Research Lab., National Physical
Laboratory, Univ. of Pune & Nanded, SINP Kolkata, …
http://www.gw.iucaa.in/litra2016/
International experts: Rana Adhikari (Caltech US),
Giles Hammond (Glasgow UK), Kiwamu Izumi (LIGO-Hanford US),
Brian Lantz (Stanford U, US), David McClelland (ANU, Aus.),
Benno Willke (AEI-Hannover, Germany) Brett Shapiro (Stanford U., US)
Andreas Friese (U. Birmingham, UK)
LIGO-India Science buildup
12
Thirty Meter Telescope
TMT Observatory: Partners
13
China: tertiary mirror(M3) Na GS laser launching, Segments, instruments
Canada: Dome, AO systems, instruments
Japan:Telescope Structure, Segment Blanks, segments instruments
USA: Segments, Polishing, Civil Works, instruments
India : M1 Control system, Software, segments Instruments
S. Raychaudhury, IUCAA
TMT-India: Partners
• DST-DAE funding: DST Leading • TMT-India HQ at Indian Institute of
Astrophysics, Bengaluru • Three lead institutes: IIA Bengaluru, IUCAA
Pune, ARIES Naini tal • Over 20 more Institutes and Universities
currently involved • TMT International Science Meet held in Mysuru in Nov 2017
Segment Support Assembly • Prototypes of SSA and actuators are being made at
Avasarala Technologies, Bengaluru and Godrej & Boyce, Mumbai
S. Raychaudhury, IUCAA 15
Indian Role
S. Raychaudhury, IUCAA 16
Thirty Metre Telescope • Construction permit for Mauna Kea cancelled by
the Hawaii supreme court on technical grounds • Permit re-acquiring process is in progress • Mauna Kea remains TMT’s preferred site, back up site is
La Palma, Spain- this is now being vigorously pursued
• However, work is progressing in all partner countries
• In India – TCS, OSW, segment support assembly, actuators etc. are being prototyped and design iterations are in progress at IIA Bengaluru and at IUCAA
LIGO-G1701635
Science team buildup Series of meetings at IUCAA to build LI S&T
community 1st meeting: Aug 16-18, 2016 2nd meeting: Dec 19-21, 2016 3rd meeting: Mar 27-28, 2017 4th meeting: May 15-16, 2017
Indian Institutions: IUCAA, IPR, RRCAT, IIT Madras, IIT Delhi, IIT Kanpur, IISER Pune, IISER Tvm, IISER Kolkata,
TIFR Mumbai, TIFR Hyderabad, ICTS-TIFR, Physical Research Lab., National Physical Laboratory, Univ. of Pune
& Nanded, SINP Kolkata, …
International experts: Rana Adhikari (Caltech),
Andreas Friese (U. Birmingham) Giles Hammond (Glasgow),
Kiwamu Izumi (LIGO-Hanford), Brian Lantz (Stanford),
Tjonnie Li (CU Hong Kong) David McClelland (ANU)
Fred Raab (LIGO, Hanford) David Reitze (LIGO, Caltech)
Peter Saulson (Syracuse) B.S. Sathyprakash (Penn State)
Brett Shapiro (Stanford) L. Singer (NASA Goddard)
Benno Willke (AEI-Hannover)
LIGO-India: The Road Ahead
Square Km Array and India
Slides mainly from
Yashwant Gupta, NCRA-TIFR, Pune
The Square Kilometre Array The SKA is the most ambitious
Radio Astronomy project ever attempted
1 square km (1,000,000 sq m) collecting area (~ 30 x GMRT !) ~ 3000 small sized antennas, with larger field of view
High resolution antennas spread out over distances up to 3000 km, but connected in real-time (by optical fibre)
Wide frequency range: 70 MHz - 10 GHz
Location : Australia AND South Africa (radio quiet regions, far away from human habitat))
Radio telescope sensitivities over the years
SKA Technologies
Receptor stations spread out over a region of 3000 km; highly compact & dense central core region
Multiple detector technologies to cover the large frequency range : dishes (high frequency), sparse & dense aperture arrays (low & mid frequencies)
Extensive optical fibre network (petabits/sec ) : > total internet traffic)
State of the art low noise electronics & real-time signal processing
Supercomputing capability (petaflops) for post processing requirements
Science with the SKA
Cosmic Dawn & EoR : direct imaging of the earliest structures
Cosmology & Dark Energy : primordial non-Gaussianity, super-horizon scales and the matter dipole
Galaxy Evolution (via Radio Continuum and Neutral Hydrogen) : star formation rates, resolved gaseous disks and angular momentum growth;
The Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Magnetism : what generates the magnetic fields in space? ; the role of magnetism in galaxy evolution
The Transient Radio Sky : Fast Radio Bursts as cosmological probes
Strong-field Tests of Gravity with Pulsars & Black Holes : gravity waves & fundamental physics; was Einstein right ?
SKA Phase I Full SKA is a very ambitious project; for ease of implementation, it has been split into phases SKA Phase I : ~ 10% of full SKA Frequency coverage : 70 MHz to 3 (10) GHz Max baseline : 150 km All infrastructure and designs to keep in mind the full
SKA Two sites : Australia (SKA-low) and South Africa
(SKA-mid) Global HQ : Jodrell Bank (UK) Detailed design & definition phase : 2012 - 2018 (~
110 M Euros) Construction phase : 2019 - 2024 (~ 650 M Euros;
Rs 4500 cr)
SKA-MID : Karoo, South Africa Phase 1: 200 15m dishes spread over 150 km (2018 – 2023) Phase 2: 2500 dishes spread over 3500 km (2025 – 2033)
The Karoo • 800 km north of Cape Town • Radio quiet protected by
Astronomy Advantage Act • Building on MeerKAT
SKA-LOW : Murchison, Australia Phase 1: 130,000 dipole antennas over 80 km (2018 – 2023) Phase 2: 500,000 dipoles over 250 km (2025 – 2033)
Murchison Desert • 800 km north of Perth • Very low popn density • Radio quiet zone protected
by ACMA • ASKAP & MWA precursors
SKA-I : Members
Indian Participation in SKA
India has been involved in the SKA Project since the early days of thinking & planning; and is a Full Member of the SKA Organisation. NCRA is the nodal organisation and DAE is the nodal ministry The GMRT has the status of a SKA pathfinder facility Main aspects of Indian participation in SKA, at present, are : Participation in technical design phase of SKA-I (and plans
for contribution to construction phase of SKA-I) Involvement in SKA Pathfinders : technical and science
aspects Preparing for science with the SKA Developing required technical and scientific manpower :
training and outreach Present activities are coordinated by the SKA India Consortium