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Global Fight to Eradicate PolioViews from the groundINSEAD Alumni lunchOctober 2012
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Dr Albert Sabin
Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)Developed 1961-1962
Polio cases, U.S.A., 1950-2010
25 years after polio vaccine invented
>350,000 children still paralyzed by polio every year.
PolioPlus is born!Philadelphia, 1988
200 countries & areas
1.3 million volunteers
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Unlike malaria, HIV/AIDs, tuberculousis & most other diseases, it is biologically
possible to eradicate polio.
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Smallpox (variola major):Global certification of eradication, 1980
20% - 40% case fatality
100% permanent
facial scarring
2.7 million deaths, 1967
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Initiative Years Feasibility Principal Technical/ Operational Issue
Yellow Fever
1915-77 No Non-human reservoir
Yaws
1954-67 No Chronic infection/resistence
Malaria
1955-69 No Mosquito resistent to DDT
Smallpox 1958-80 Yes ERADICATED
Guinea Worm
1986 - Yes
Civil unrest, funding.
Polio 1988 - Yes Political & societal will.
A Brief History of Eradication
Polio Eradication
Eradication is a high-risk venture
World Health Assembly
Polio Resolution: 1988Humanitarian benefits.
US$1.5 billion annual savings.
Strengthen health systems.
Access all children & build peace.
Kosi River Sub Region, Bihar
What happens during a mass vaccination
campaign? Example India…
• In 6 days:– 640,000 vaccination posts
– 2.3 million volunteers
– 200 million doses of OPV
– 6.3 million icepacks in 2 million vaccine carrier bags
– 191 million homes visited
– 172 million children vaccinated
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India >21 months without a case of polio! Rukhsar
Khatoon
The last case of polio in India
Jan 2011
Pakistan &Afghanistan
Nigeria
Global polio cases October 2011
Recent Polio OutbreaksLethal adult polio outbreaks 2010-11
Emergency Plans
• surge of >6500 technical / social mobilization staff to district levels
• multiple strategies to reach missed children
• real-time oversight of OPV campaign preps/performance
• new national/local accountability structures
Nigeria Pakistan Afghanistan
Polio cases Pakistan last 6 months
Financial Requirements, Contributions & Gap
Global polio cases October 2011
154 cases4 countries
Global polio cases October 2012
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