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Global DNA Database ExpansionThe policy, politics, and statistics promoting rapid
Presented by:
Tim Schellberg, President Gordon Tomas Honeywell
Governmental Affairs
Washington, DC (202) 258-2301Tacoma, WA (253) 620-6500
Bangkok, Thailand 12 November, 2010
Washington, DC Tacoma, Washington
DNA - The Fingerprint of the 21st CenturyInterpol Handbook on DNA Data Exchange & Practice
Nearly all Countries have DNA capacity -
Countries performing DNA profiling
Countries not performing DNA profiling
Countries whose profiling status is unknown
DNA Capacity is not enough: Offender DNA databases is the
key component to realize the crime fighting potential of a DNA program
Forensic Evidence
Convicted/Arrested Offender
Offender DNA Database
Why larger database are necessaryOffender database size controls the “hit rates”
Estimates No offenders 0%
Sex offenders 5%
Sex offenders & Violent offenders ____ _______ 10%
Sex offenders, Violent offenders and Property crimes _______20%
All crimes 45%
All arrestees 60%
Whole Population________________________________ _ 90-99%?
Why non-violent crimesLessons from the DNA Program in Virginia
• Approximately 80% of hits would have been missed if the Databank was limited to only violent offenders
• Approximately 40% of violent crimes solved were perpetrated by individuals with previous property crime convictions
• DNA Databanks are most effective with inclusion of at least all felons and applied to all forms of cases
Mature Databases – They solve crime
United Kingdom• Over 5 million offender samples• Nearly 60% hit rates• 1,700 hits per week
United States• Over 8 million offender samples• Over 40% hit rates• Over 116,000 cases aided
China• Over 5 Million offender samples in just a few years• Aggressive goal to stop all crime in China
United States
Until recently the United States focused just on convicted offenders
In 2004 only 3 states collected DNA from arrested criminals
Today, 24 states collected DNA from arrested criminals
Laws allow for profile destruction if not convicted – Compare to the United Kingdom law.
President Obama announces support of arrestee testing. New federal legislation to promote arrestee testing in the states
Legislative focus on changing laws
from convicted offenders to arrestees
http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid70069263001?bclid=69917219001&bctid=70456124001
Offender DNA databases
Produces benefits beyond solving crimes
•The Trigueiro serial murder case from Belo Horizante exemplifies how DNA prevents crime and is positioned to be the case that causes Brazil to pass DNA database legislation.
Helps to prevent more crime
•Innocence Project in U.S. has exonerated 255 individuals using DNA.
Helps to exonerate the
innocent
•Spend less money solving more crime
Cost/benefit
Marcos AntunesTrigueiro, serial murderer
Families of Mr. Trigueiro’s victims
Who has implemented offender databases so far? 38 countries have IMPLEMENTED offender databases to date
Estimated 25 million offender samples worldwide
AustraliaAustriaBarbadosBelarusBelgiumCanadaChileChinaCroatiaCyprusDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyHong KongHungaryIsraelJapanJordanLatvia
NetherlandsNew ZealandMacedoniaNorwayPortugalSloveniaSlovakiaSingaporeSouth KoreaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTaiwanUnited Arab EmiratesUKUSA
The World is Positioning for Explosive Growth of Offender DNA Database Programs
India Brazil Pakistan Nigeria Russia (Leg Passed) Mexico Vietnam Turkey
Thailand Italy (Leg passed) South Africa Colombia Argentina Kenya Peru Saudi Arabia
Malaysia (Leg Passed)Who could be next?
The Final Say in DNA Databases
Decisions to create offender DNA databases are controlled by top Government officials and legislative entities
They will consider issues such as convicted vs. arrestee
Summary of Key International DNA Database Policy Issues
Choosing CODIS
Arrestee Databases
Familial Searching
Significant benefits - UK has used it 185 times and has solved 33 serious crimes
Privacy concerns causing limited use
International Sharing
Argentina ♦ Australia ♦ Belgium ♦ Bosnia ♦ Botswana ♦ Brazil ♦ Canada ♦ Cayman Islands ♦ Chile ♦ Colombia ♦
Croatia ♦ Czech Republic ♦ Denmark ♦ Estonia ♦ Finland ♦ France ♦ Greece ♦ Hong Kong ♦ Hungary ♦ Korea ♦
Iceland ♦ Israel ♦ Italy ♦ Latvia ♦ Lithuania ♦ Netherlands ♦ Norway ♦ Poland ♦ Portugal ♦ Singapore ♦ Slovakia ♦
Spain ♦ Sweden ♦ Switzerland
Countries using CODIS The map below denotes thirty-four (34) countries across the globe that are employing CODIS technology.
Arrestee Collection and Destruction Policy
• Most countries are moving to arrestee testing
• Nearly all countries will be requiring profile destruction if not convicted.
• The Singapore approach to place the burden of destruction on the offender
• The impact of the Marper Decision – A recent European Uniion Court case promoting profile and sample destruction for arrestee testing if not convicted
The Prüm TreatyA lesson in International Forensic Cooperation
Prüm, Germany (Western Germany)
Treaty signed May, 2005
How Prüm Works (Cont’d)
TESTA Network
Credit: Dr. Kees van der Beek
Building the Future Thailand DNA Database Program
1. Building your policy based on global experience
Offender requirements Privacy concepts Matching and other technical standards Software options International Matching Familial Searching Expungement
2. Information is essential to overcoming the political and media debate Policy based on sound data Strong Arguments
Sharing the DNA Database Legislative Experience
The World Map Project (WMP):A valuable DNA database policy resource
Comprehensive, countries-specific data including:
Legislation Type of databases Annual reports Media Technical and lab capacity information
Value of WMP: International sharing of ideas and data Healthy competition Momentum
* All of the above is needed to move legislators forward in policy-making decisions.
DNA.GOV