Glenn ParrishProject Development Manager

Who is PHG Energy?

Thompson Machinery’s outstanding 65-year history of providing equipment solutions to the construction, power generation, forestry and agricultural industries through engineering and product support excellence.

Associated Physics of America’s breakthrough and proprietary downdraft gasification technology resulting from years of pure scientific research, proven through extensive equipment utilization in commercial industrial applications.

Nashville based PHG Energy provides R&D, manufacturing, design, installation and ongoing operation and management for gasification systems.

Delivering Affordable Renewable Technology

Through Gasification

Clean Energy Conversion

Tipping Fees

TransportationCosts

New Landfills

Carbon Emissions

Sludge Disposal

Clean Energy

Crop Residues

PHG Energy Waste to Energy Projects

Sevier Solid Waste Inc.Pigeon Forge, TN

City of CovingtonCovington, TN

City of LebanonLebanon, TN

What is Gasification?

• A thermo-chemical process to produce a clean fuel gas. This is NOT Incineration.

• Feedstock flexible of the life of the equipment

• Can retain and retrofit current equipment to use the gas (boilers, kilns, etc.)

• On demand energy generation• About 95% of what goes in comes

out as fuel gas. The other 5% is a charcoal biochar with many uses.

• Can be adapted for future applications

The clean, efficient conversion of biomass into a combustible fuel gas in an oxygen-starved environment

What Can You “Gasify?”

• Woodchips– Utility trimmings– Scrap pallets/Construction– Bark or waste wood– Commercial waste

• Agricultural and animal waste• Scrap tires and rubber products• Food processing and other manufacturing waste• Switchgrass, miscanthus and other purpose-grown energy crops• Mixtures improve performance

Using The Fuel Gas:

Currently Being Utilized Here and Worldwide

• Electricity: Gas or steam turbines and ORC generators

• Steam: Boiler and community heating systems

• Direct Thermal: Kiln Operations & Sludge Dryers

• Combustion: Industrial thermal oxidizers

Project = Feedstock + ApplicationDRIVING vs. DRIVEN Variables

Feedstock

Application

Chicken Litter(Dried Biosolids)

Process Heat

Drying

Steam

ORC Generator

Steam Turbine

Recip. Engine

Combustion Turbine

Gas to Liquids

80+%Wood

Tire

Pelletized Crop

50+% Wood

Processed MSW

Unprocessed MSW

ASR

Increasing Difficulty

Waste To Energy Project Development

A Municipal Vision Taking Shape Now

Municipal Garbage

Pellets Out of Sorter & Into Gasifier

Other Waste Streams

Garbage

Pellets

Application options: Power Generation Sewer Plant Sludge Drying Combined Heat and Power ??

Heat Energy

Heat and/or electricity for the

process

Output Options• Electricity• Class A biosolids

Wood Waste

Sorter Removes Recyclables

Municipal Waste Sorter

MetalsGlassPlastics

TIRESSLUDGECROPS

?

Phase Approach: Use Existing Waste Streams

Sorter Removes Recyclables

Municipal Garbage

Pellets Out of Sorter & Into Gasifier

Garbage

Pellets

Application options: Power Generation Sewer Plant Sludge Drying Combined Heat and Power ??

Heat Energy

Heat and/or electricity for the

process

Output Options• Electricity• Class A biosolids

Wood Waste

Municipal Waste Sorter

MetalsGlassPlastics

Other Waste StreamsTIRESSLUDGE

PHASE 1: Start with what can be easily handled today

Material Collection, Preparation, and

Transport

Feedstock logistics are KEY

Tipping Fees

Biochar

Green Energy

Biochar Sale

Start with a wood base and

mix other feedstock in

Real World Projects

Covington and Lebanon, TN Waste-To-Electricity System

• Feedstock Flexible System• Energy savings at the WWTP• Revenue streams for tipping fees

and biochar• Deferred waste disposal costs

Lebanon, TN Waste to Energy

Known Operating Elements:• 32 TPD material processed (Expandable to 64TPD)• 3 tons sludge, 3 tons tires, 26 tons wood waste• Operating 24/5/52 or 6240/year

Variable Income Elements and Cash Flow Drivers:• Tipping fee income to City

from Industry and/or Wilson County

• Material hauling and pre-processing costs

• Taking existing ATAD offline and processing sludge in gasifier

Yields $100k/year free cashflow

Clean Exhaust

Biochar

System for Sevier Solid Waste Inc.

Compost

Wood

Gas Combustion / Thermal Odor

Control

ODOR FROM OPERATIONS

GasGasifier

Cement Kiln Fuel

REDUCE Compost Hauling Costs REDUCE Odor Control Cost REVENUE from the sale of biochar

A Positive Economic Impact Is Essential For Every ProjectAlways a Foundation or Cornerstone of Problem Solving

o REVENUE STREAMSo Tipping fees and hauling costso Outlet for the energy: heat or electricity or botho Deferred capital expenditureso Biochar market

o KEY CONSIDERATIONSo Understanding feedstock preparation and logisticso Managing project complexityo Change managemento Work WITH regulators to resolve new issues

Keys to a Successful Project

Questions?

Gasification…that sounds complicated?

Our Difference

• Downdraft gasification provides a simple, clean, proven method of gasification.

• Downdraft is a robust and elegant solution, but was not considered scalable.

• Physics puzzle solved with the internal shapes of the gasifier. PATENTED

• Power dense, modular design.• Low capital cost & low

operating/maintenance

Downdraft Gasification

Evaporate moisture from the feedstock

Feedstock breaks down to gas and tars

3000 degree F oxidation layer cracks tars

Carbon reforms with steam to create CO and H2

Rotating Grate shaves biochar layerResidue box for biochar removal

Drying

Pyrolysis

Oxidation

Reduction

Feedstock

Grate

Residue

Air

Air

Gas

Gas

The Flow of Material to Gas

Feed Hopper

Feed Auger

Gasifier

Biochar Collected

Gas Exit Pipes

Quick shutdown and restart up to 24 hours later Few moving parts = simplified maintenance

Design for flexibility

PHG-12

PHG-LF

(6) X PHG-8PHG-LFPHG-12

Feedstock Specifications

• Consistent feedstock = consistent gas• Moisture content is key (< 30%)• Feedstock size: ¼” to 4”• Ash content < 10%• Minimum bulk density: 14lbs/ft3

• Low cost waste streams from other processes can greatly improve economics

• Feedstock “Blends” offer further flexibility

Downdraft vs. Updraft

Drying

Pyrolysis

Oxidation

Reduction

Feedstock

Grate

Residue

Air

Air

Drying

Pyrolysis

Oxidation

Reduction

Feedstock

Residue

Air

GAS Residue

GAS

Tars can bypass the oxidation zone in an updraft gasifier

TAR

Sevier Solid Waste Inc.

• PROJECT– Mix 3 day compost with

wood and gasifier the mixture

• GOALS– Reduce Compost Disposal

Cost– Reduce Odor Control Cost– Revenue from the sale of

biochar