Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 HIV and AIDS Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1 > HOME Content Vocabulary Pneumocystis carinii

Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 HIV and AIDS

Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Content Vocabulary

Pneumocystis carinii (PCP)

Kaposi’s sarcoma

AIDS dementia complex

protease inhibitors

intravenous (IV) drug abuse




• Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS,

was first observed in the 1970s and has spread rapidly to more than 100 countries and every inhabited continent of the globe.

• Teens are currently the most rapidly growing group for infection with both HIV and AIDS.




HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when a specific set of criteria is met.

HIV Infection and AIDS




• A person with an HIV infection may be healthy for years with the virus present in the body.

• A diagnosis of AIDS results with the destruction of the immune system.





How HIV Destroys Immunity• When first infected, the HIV virus incubates in the

body for several weeks but causes no symptoms, or causes a flu-like illness.

• An HIV test at this time, the window period, may be negative. The infection, however, can still be passed to others.

• After months or years of infecting T cells and reproducing, HIV destroys immunity.





The Diagnosis of AIDS• AIDS is usually first detected when the person is

diagnosed with a disease that is typical of an AIDS carrier.

• The first symptoms of AIDS often include fatigue, appetite loss, weight loss, and a nagging cough.

• Yeast infections of the mouth, throat, or vagina are common in later stages of AIDS.





• Pneumocystis carinii is the disease that often first brings people with AIDS to the physician.

The Disease of AIDS


Pneumocystis carinii (PCP)A type of pneumonia characteristic of AIDS

Laura Q

Too dramatic. Not necessary.




• Kaposi’s sarcoma is one of the diseases characteristic of AIDS.

The Disease of AIDS

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A normally rare skin cancer causing a purplish discoloration of the skin


Laura Q





• HIV can make its way to the brain and nervous system causing AIDS dementia complex.

The Disease of AIDS


AIDS dementia complexThe mental disorder, resulting from an attack by HIV on the brain and nerves.

Laura Q





New drugs and drug combinations can help people with AIDS remain healthy.

Treatment and Life with AIDS





• Antivirus drugs, such as AZT (zidovudine) can reduce the level of HIV in the blood.

• The lower the level of HIV in the tissues and blood, the slower the progression of AIDS.

• AZT’s effects only last about a year before the virus becomes resistant to the drug.




• Today, the best medical treatment is a combination of drugs, including those of the AZT family, a group known as protease inhibitors, and others.

Combination Treatments


protease inhibitorsDrugs that stop the action of an enzyme which ordinarily helps HIV to reproduce

Laura Q





A Threat of Resistance• Health care providers are concerned that HIV will

become resistant to medications.• If HIV patients fail to take their medications as

prescribed, then the virus may become resistant to the drugs.





Other Concerns• Drugs used to treat HIV and AIDS are expensive.• Without adequate insurance, the majority of those

infected cannot afford proper medical treatment.• Researchers are trying to develop an effective,

inexpensive HIV vaccine.





Living with HIV• First, accept the diagnosis of HIV.• Decide whom to tell and how.• Be ready for changes and possible discrimination.• React to losses with courage.





HIV can be transmitted in several ways, but not through casual contact.

Transmission of the HIV Virus




Ways HIV is NOT Transmitted• HIV is NOT transmitted through:

– Casual contact such as shaking hands.– Insect bites.– Touching shared objects such as toilet seats.– Donating blood using sterilized needles.





Sexual Transmission• A single sexual encounter with an infected partner

can infect a healthy person with HIV.• The presence of STDs can increase the risk of

contracting HIV.





Needles• The sharing of needles among people who

practice intravenous (IV) drug abuse is the second most common way to contract HIV.


intravenous (IV) drug abuseThe practice of using needles to inject drugs of abuse into the veins




Needles• Unsterilized needles used for any purpose are

dangerous, including the needles of acupuncture, tattooing, body piercing, and electrolysis.





Pregnancy, Childbirth, Breastfeeding• HIV can be transmitted to infants in three ways:

– During pregnancy– During childbirth– While breastfeeding





Blood Traces• Only traces of whole cells are needed to transfer

HIV from person to person.

• Semen commonly carries HIV, but so can small amounts of blood—the amount you see sometimes when brushing your teeth, for example.





Blood Transfusions and Tissue Transplants• Those who received blood or tissue before 1985

risked being infected with the virus.

• Today, advances in screening donors have resulted in a safe blood supply.





• The mental disorder resulting from an attack by HIV on the brain and nerves is called __________.

AIDS dementia complexThe mental disorder resulting from an attack by HIV on the brain and nerves

Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary




• ____________ is a normally rare skin cancer causing a purplish discoloration of the skin, seen commonly among people with AIDS.

Kaposi’s sarcomaA normally rare skin cancer causing a purplish discoloration of the skin

Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary

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Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 2 HIV and AIDS Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1 > HOME Content Vocabulary Pneumocystis carinii