Glass Technology€¦ · condensation of vapours, conversion of crystals to an amorphous form using mechanical means or irradiation with fast neutrons, dehydration and sintering of

Glass Technology

www.entrepreneurindia.co

Introduction

G lass is an amorphous solid usually formed by the solidification of

a melt without crystallisation. It is an inorganic product of

melting, which has been cooled to rigid state without

crystallization. Melting is in fact the sole large scale industrial

method of glass making. G lass is being used worldwide and has

various applications. They are typically brittle and optically

transparent. It is widely used in buildings and having industrial

applications. The presence of glasses in our everyday environment

is so common that we rarely notice their existence. G lass, as a

substance, plays an essential role in science and industry. There are

various methods of glass making other than melting for example

condensation of vapours, conversion of crystals to an amorphous

form using mechanical means or irradiation with fast neutrons,

dehydration and sintering of gels, etc.

http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/


Silica (the chemical compound SiO2) is a common fundamental

constituent of glass. The properties of glass can be varied and

regulated over an extensive range by modifying the composition,

production techniques, or both. In any glass, the mechanical,

chemical, optical, and thermal properties cannot occur separately.

Instead, any glass represents a combination of properties, and in

selecting an individual glass for a product, it is this combination

that is important. As an architectural element, glass has become

the quite essential product for your home or building. The

applications of glass are limited only by your imagination; glass

has many applications both internal and external that play a vital

role in the function and design of your project.



Industrially produced glasses can be divided into groups

according to various criteria: composition, appearance,

properties, application, method of forming etc. According to

their chemical composition glasses are classified as silica glass

(quartz glass), water (soluble) glass or sodium silicate glass,

crystal glass, heat resistant glass, low alkali glass etc. G lass is

finding ever wider applications in modern technology; sealing

glasses which have been in use for many years, serve in vacuum

tight joining of glass to metal, especially in vacuum electronics, in

nuclear technology (protection from radiation, immobilization of

radioactive waste by fusion into a chemically, resistant glass, etc.),

in agriculture (as carrier of fertilizers with long term effects) and

a number of possible application in electronics and many more.



Some of the fundamentals of the book are structure of glass,

structure of special melts and glasses, composition of glass, glass

formation, crystallization and liquid, optical properties,

theoretical strength of glasses, practical strengths of glasses, flaw

sources and removal, viscosity of glass forming melts, theoretical

principles of glass melting, chemical reactions occurring in glass

melting, dissolution of solids in the melt, flow of glass in melting

furnaces, physical chemical factors in sol gel processing,

deposition of transparent non crystalline, metal oxide coatings by

the sol gel process etc.

The present book covers different important parameters of glass

technology. The book is comprehensive guide for researchers,

technologists, new entrepreneurs and professionals.



DEMAND OF GLASS

Indian packaging industry is pegged to be around $ 1 5 billion with a

growth rate of 1 5 % approximately, out of which Indian container glass

industry stands at $ 0.87 billion with an approximate growth rate of 1 2

%. The Indian float glass is estimated to be around $ 0.76 billion with

growth rate of 32 % in the last fiscal year. The comparison between per

capita consumption of glass in countries like the USA - 27.5 kg and

Japan 1 0.2 kg suggests that India with a consumption of 1 .4 kg has a

huge scope for significant growth opportunities.

India has well developed glass container manufacturing industry, which

remained rudimentary for a long period. The industry has evolved to

adopt modern processes and automation in a large way. The current

installed capacity of the industry is over 7,000 tons per day. Indian float

glass market has an installed capacity of around 3000 tons per day.



It has grown with CAG R of 1 3 % over the last five years. The major

source of revenue comes from Architectural - 85%, Automotive - 1 0%

and Others - 5%.

The segments served by the glass industry, which are showing huge

growth prospects are Alcobev packaging, real estate and automobile

industry. The real estate is expected to grow at 30 % over the next

decade, attracting foreign investments worth $30 billion.

Fuelled by growth in sectors like real estate, infrastructure, retail,

automotive and food & beverages, the country’s glass industry will

acquire a market size worth Rs.340 billion by 201 5 from Rs.225 billion

at present, according to a study by industry body . Indian glass market

is estimated to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAG R) of

1 5% over the next three years. The Indian glass industry is pegged at

$2.7 billion. G lass consumption growth is expected in construction (9

per cent), automotive (1 9 per cent), consumer goods (1 0-1 2 per cent)

and pharmaceuticals (1 2-1 5 per cent) sectors.



The flat glass market, at present, stands at 4,500 tpd and is

growing at 1 6 per cent year-on-year while the container glass is at

7,000 tpd and contributes 55-60 per cent to the overall glass

market. Other glass (lighting, bangles, beads) market is at 1 ,500

tpd. Total capacity of glass manufactured in India – 5200

tonnes/day. Two upcoming capacities of 700 tonnes/day and 1 000

tonnes/day till end of 201 6 or beginning of 201 7. Expected growth

in 201 6/1 7 will be > 12%, owing to the planned construction of

around 1 00 smart cities. G lass imports are to the tune of 500

tonnes/day. This remains stable owing to anti-dumping on clear

float glass from China, Pakistan, UAE and Saudi Arabia.



Table of Contents

1 . GLASS

• Definition and Historical Summary

• Structure of G lass

• Structure of Special Melts and G lasses

• Composition of G lass

• G lass Formation, Crystallization and Liquid



• Immiscibility

• Chemical, Mechanical and Physical Properties of

Industrially Important Melts and G lasses

• Rheological Properties of G lass Melts

• Surface Tension

• Density

• Thermal Expansion



• Elastic Properties

• Mechanical Strength

• Hardness

• Thermal Properties

• Electrical Properties

• G as Permeability

• Chemical Stability and Surface Properties



• Optical Properties

• Color of G lasses

• Production of G lass

• Raw Materials

• Melting Units

• Melting, Fining and Homogenization

• G lass Cooling



• Heating and Regulating G lass Melts

• Refractory Lining of Melting Units

• Vapor-Deposited G lasses

• Occupational Health

• Forming

• Hand Forming

• Annealing



• Secondary of Finishing Operations

• Uses

• Silica and Silica-like G lass

• Flat G lass

• Laboratory G lassware

• Light-Sensitive G lass

• Display Devices



• G lass Fibers

• Molded Optics

• G lasses for Nonlinear Optical Devices

• Economic Aspects

2. OPTICAL PROPERTIES

• Introduction

• Bulk Optical Properties



• Refr a ct ive Index

• Mola r a nd Ionic Refr a ct ivi t ies

• Dis per s ion

• Ult r a violet Abs or pt ion

• Vis ib le Abs or pt ion

• Liga nd Field Color a t ion of Gla s s es

• Amber Gla s s



• Colloida l Met a l Color s

• Colloida l S emiconduct or Color s

• Ra dia t ion -induced Color s

• S ola r iz a t ion

• Infr a r ed Abs or pt ion

• Infr a r ed Abs or pt ion by Bound Hydr ogen

S pecies

• Infr a r ed Abs or pt ion by Dis s olved Ga s es



• Infr a r ed Cut offs or t he Mult iphonon Edge

• Ot her Opt ica l Pr oper t ies of Gla s s es

• Phot os ens i t ive a nd Phot ochr omic Gla s s es

• Opa l Gla s s es

• Fa r a da y Rot a t ion

3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

• Int r oduct ion



• Ela s t ic Modulus

• Ha r dnes s

• Fr a ct ur e S t r engt h

• Theor et ica l S t r engt h of Gla s s es

• Pr a ct ica l S t r engt hs of Gla s s es

• Fla w S our ces a nd Remova l

• S t r engt hening of Gla s s



• S t a t is t ica l Na t ur e of Fr a ct ur e of Gla s s

• Fa t igue of Gla s s es

• Ther ma l S hock

• Annea ling of Ther ma l S t r es s es

4. VISCOSITY OF GLASSFORMING MELTS

• Int r oduct ion

• Vis cos i t y Defin i t ions a nd Ter minology



• Vis coela s t ici t y

• Vis cos i t y Mea s ur ement Techniques

• Rot a t ion Vis comet er s

• Fa lling S pher e Vis comet er s

• Fiber Elonga t ion Vis comet er s

• Bea m-bending Vis comet er s

• Ot her Vis comet er s



• Temper a t ur e Dependence of Vis cos i t y

• Fr a gi li t y of Melt s

• Fr ee Volume Model for Vis cous Flow

• Ent r opy Model for Vis cous Flow

• Compos i t iona l Dependence of Vis cos i t y

• S i lica t e Melt s

• Bor a t e Melt s



• Ger ma na t e Melt s

• Ha lide Melt s

• Cha lcogenide Melt s

• Effect of Hydr oxyl on Melt Vis cos i t ies

• Effect of Ther ma l His t or y on Vis cos i t y

• Effect of Pha s e S epa r a t ion on Vis cos i t y

• Effect of Cr ys t a lliz a t ion on Vis cos i t y



5. STRUCTURE OF GLASSES

• Gla s s For ma t ion

• Models of Gla s s S t r uct ur e

• The S t r uct ur e of Oxide Gla s s es

• S ubmicr os t r uct ur a l Fea t ur es of Gla s s es

• Mis cib i li t y Ga ps in Oxide S ys t ems

• Gener a l Dis cus s ion



6. GLASS TECHNOLOGY

• The Cha r a ct er is t ics of Gla s s

• Pr oper t ies of Molt en Gla s s es

• Vis cos i t y

• Cr ys t a lliz a t ion

• S ur fa ce Tens ion

• Dens i t y



• S peci fic Hea t

• Ther ma l Conduct ivi t y

• Elect r ica l Conduct ivi t y

• Theor et ica l Pr incip les of Gla s s Melt ing

• Chemica l Rea ct ions Occur r ing in Gla s s Melt ing

• Dis s olut ion of S olids in t he Melt

• Flow of Gla s s in Melt ing Fur na ces



• Homogeniz a t ion

• Vola t i liz a t ion

• Refin ing a nd S olubi li t y of Ga s es

• Fla t Gla s s a nd Tube-for ming Pr oces s es

• The For ming of Gla s s Fibr es

• Pr oper t ies of Gla s s

• Mecha nica l Pr oper t ies



• Ther ma l Pr oper t ies

• Opt ica l Pr oper t ies

• Elect r ica l Pr oper t ies

• Chemica l Dur a bi li t y

• Pr incip le Types of Indus t r ia l Gla s s es

• S i lica Gla s s (qua r t z gla s s )

• S odium-S i lica t e Gla s s (wa t er gla s s )



• S heet a nd Cont a iner Gla s s ; t he S ys t em Na 2 O-

Ca O-S i O2

• Cr ys t a l Gla s s ; t he S ys t em K 2 O-Ca O-S iO2 a nd

K 2 O-PbO- S iO2

• Hea t -Res is t a nt Gla s s es of t he S ys t em Na 2 O-

B 2 O3 -S iO2

• Colour ed Gla s s es

• Opa l Gla s s es

• Opt ica l Gla s s es



• Gla s s Fibr es

• Ot her Types of Oxide Gla s s es a nd Pr oduct s

• Cha lcogenide Gla s s es

7. NITRIDATION OF SILICA SOL-GEL THIN FILMS

• Int r oduct ion

• Exper iment a l Met hods



• Res ult s a nd Dis cus s ion

• Fi lm S hr ink a ge

• Refr a ct ive Index

• S IMS Dept h Pr ofi les

• Auger Ana lys es

• Enha ncing t he Nit r ida t ion Rea ct ion wit h a

Chlor ine

• Pr et r ea t ment



8. MODIFICATION OF OXIDES BY POLYMERIZATION PROCESS

• Int r oduct ion

• Int r oduct ion of Chemica l-S t r uct ur a l

Va r ia t ions in

• Inor ga nic Polymer s

• Theor et ica l Ba s es

• Exper iment a l

•



• Effect on Pr oper t ies

• Effect on Dens i fica t ion a nd Vis cos i t y

• Effect on Cr ys t a lliz a t ion a nd Cr ys t a lline

Tr a ns for ma t ions

9. DRYING AND FIRING MONOLITHIC SILICA SHAPES FROM SOL-GELS

• Int r oduct ion

• Exper iment a l Technique




10. SOL-GEL-DERIVED INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE COATINGS

• Int r oduct ion

• Pr oper t ies of S ol-Gel Der ived ITO Coa t ings

• Cha r a ct er is t ic Pr oper t ies of ITO-Coa t ings for

Window-

S ys t ems Der ived fr om Dip Coa t ing

• Opt ica l Pr oper t ies



• Ar chi t ect ur a l Pr oper t ies

• Mecha nica l Pr oper t ies

• Chemica l Pr oper t ies

• Long-Ter m S t a bi li t y, Wea t her a bi li t y, Out door

Tes t s

• Pr oper t ies of a n Ins u la t ing Gla s s Unit (One

Pa ne ITO- Coa t ed)



11. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE SOL-TO-GEL AND GEL-TO-GLASS CONVERSIONS

• Int r oduct ion

• Gela t ion

• Gel-t o-Gla s s Conver s ion

• Exper iment a l

• Res ult s & Dis cus s ion



• Phys ica l Pr oper t ies

• S hr ink a ge a nd Dens i fica t ion

• Is ot her ma l S hr ink a ge Exper iment s

12. MONOLITHIC XERO-AND AEROGELS FOR GEL-GLASS PROCESSES

• Int r oduct ion

• Ma in S t eps in Gel Pr oces s ing



• Cr a ck ing Dur ing t he Dr ying Pr oces s

• Ana lys is of Ca us es of Cr a ck ing

• Effect of Ca pi lla r y For ces

• Concept of Mois t ur e S t r es s

• Mecha nica l Res is t a nce of t he Gel

• Wa ys of Avoid ing Cr a ck ing Dur ing Dr ying

• Monoli t h ic Aer ogels



• Conclus ion

13. BEHAVIOR OF MONOLITHIC SILICA AEROGELS AT TEMPERATURES ABOVE 1000 C

• Int r oduct ion

• Dens i fica t ion of t he Gel

• Exper iment a l Pr ocedur e




• Conclus ion

14. TIO2 COATED GLASS BEADS

• Int r oduct ion

• Exper iment a l

• Ma t er ia ls

• Ins t r ument a t ion

• Pr epa r a t ion of Ca t a lys t s



• Hydr ogena t ion Exper iment s


• Fea t ur es of Gla s s Bea ds Coa t ed wit h TiO2

• Ca t a lyt ic Act ivi t y of Pd Dis per s ions on TiO2

Coa t ed

• Gla s s S uppor t s



15. DEPOSITION OF TRANSPARENT NON-CRYSTALLINE METAL OXIDE COATINGS BY THE SOL-GEL PROCESS

• Int r oduct ion

• Dip-Coa t ing Technique

• S ingle-La yer Coa t ings wit h Refr a ct ive

Index Gr a dient

• Exper iment a l Wor k




• S iO2 -B 2 O3 -Na 2 O S ys t em

• S iO2 -Ba O S ys t em

16. PHYSICAL CHEMICAL FACTORS IN SOL-GEL

• PROCES S ING

• Int r oduct ion



• S i lica Gel

• TiO2 Gels

• S iO2 -B2 O3 Gels

• S iO2 -TiO2 Gels

• Na 2 O-S iO2 Gels

• Dr ying

• The Gel-Gla s s Conver s ion

• Conclus ions


Tags


New gla s s t echnology, A dva nced Gla s s Technologies , gla s s t echnology India , Lea ding Gla s s Technology, Gla s s S cience a nd

Technology, New Innova t ions a nd Tr ends in Gla s s , A dva nced Gla s s Technology, Liquid Gla s s , Gr ea t Oppor t un it y for S t a r t up in

gla s s t echnology, ma k ing gla s s , Gla s s Ma nufa ct ur ing Pr oces s , How Gla s s is Ma de, gla s s ma nufa ct ur ing pr oces s r a w ma t er ia ls ,

Pr oduct ion of gla s s , Gla s s Pr oces s ing Indus t r y in Ind ia , India n gla s s indus t r y, S t ep-by-s t ep Ma nufa ct ur ing of Gla s s , Gla s s a nd

Gla s s Pr oduct Ma nufa ct ur ing, Fla t Gla s s Ma nufa ct ur ing Indus t r y, New Gla s s Pr oduct ion, Gla s s pr oces s ing India , Gr owt h of Gla s s

a nd Gla s s Pr oduct s in India , How t o s t a r t a gla s s pr oduct ion , Pr oject s on Gla s s , Wha t is t he bes t pr oces s t o ma nufa ct ur e Gla s s es ,

How t o ma k e gla s s , Gla s s pr oces s ing t echnology, How t o S t a r t gla s s Pr oces s ing Indus t r y in India , Gla s s Pr oces s ing Indus t r y in

India , Mos t Pr ofi t a ble gla s s Pr oces s ing Bus ines s Idea s , Gla s s ma nufa ct ur ing Pr oject s , S ma ll S ca le gla s s Pr oces s ing Pr oject s ,

S t a r t ing a gla s s Ma nufa ct ur ing Bus ines s , How t o s t a r t a gla s s Pr oduct ion Bus ines s , Gla s s Ba s ed S ma ll S ca le Indus t r ies Pr oject s ,

New s ma ll s ca le idea s in gla s s pr oces s ing indus t r y, NPCS , Niir , Pr oces s t echnology book s ,Bus ines s cons ult a ncy,Bus ines s

cons ult a nt ,Pr oject ident i f ica t ion a nd s elect ion,Pr epa r a t ion of Pr oject Pr ofi les , S t a r t up ,Bus ines s guida nce,Bus ines s guida nce t o

client s ,S t a r t up Pr oject for gla s s indus t r y,S t a r t up Pr oject ,S t a r t up idea s ,Pr oject for s t a r t ups ,S t a r t up pr oject p la n,Bus ines s s t a r t -

up,Bus ines s Pla n for a S t a r t up Bus ines s ,Gr ea t Oppor t unit y for S t a r t up,

S ma ll S t a r t -up Bus ines s Pr oject ,S t a r t -up Bus ines s Pla n for gla s s pr oduct ion,S t a r t up India , S t a nd up Ind ia ,Gla s s Ma k ing S ma ll

Bus ines s Ma nufa ct ur ing,Moder n s ma ll a nd cot t a ge s ca le indus t r ies ,Pr ofi t a b le s ma ll a nd cot t a ge s ca le indus t r ies , S et t ing up a nd

opening your gla s s Ma nufa ct ur ing Bus ines s ,How t o s t a r t a gla s s indus t r y? , How t o s t a r t a s ucces s fu l gla s s bus ines s ,S ma ll s ca le

Commer cia l gla s s ma k ing,Bes t s ma ll a nd gla s s ma k ing indus t r ies ,Gla s s Bus ines s , Pr ofi t a ble S ma ll S ca le Ma nufa ct ur ing, Gla s s

Ma k ing S ma ll Bus ines s Ma nufa ct ur ing,Moder n s ma ll a nd cot t a ge s ca le indus t r ies ,Pr ofi t a b le s ma ll a nd cot t a ge s ca le

indus t r ies ,S et t ing up a nd open ing your gla s s Ma nufa ct ur ing Bus ines s ,How t o s t a r t a gla s s indus t r y? ,How t o s t a r t a s ucces s fu l

gla s s bus ines s ,S ma ll s ca le Commer cia l gla s s ma k ing,Bes t s ma ll a nd gla s s ma k ing indus t r ies ,Gla s s Bus ines s , Pr ofi t a ble S ma ll S ca le

Ma nufa ct ur ing



Niir Project Consultancy Services (NPCS) can provide Process Technology Book on

Glass Technology

See morehttps://goo.gl/t91PFRhttps://goo.gl/MirOMahttps://goo.gl/7r83m7https://goo.gl/SupRLf


https://goo.gl/t91PFR

https://goo.gl/MirOMa

https://goo.gl/7r83m7

https://goo.gl/SupRLf

Visit us at


Take a look at

Niir Project Consultancy Services

on #Street View

https://goo.gl/VstWkd


Locate us on

Google Mapshttps://goo.gl/maps/BKkUtq9gevT2



https://goo.gl/maps/BKkUtq9gevT2


Our inexhaustible Client list includes public-sectorcompanies, Corporate Houses, Governmentundertaking, individual entrepreneurs, NRI, Foreigninvestors, non-profit organizations and educationalinstitutions from all parts of the World. The list is just aglimpse of our esteemed & satisfied Clients.

Click here to take a look

https://goo.gl/G3ICjV

OUR CLIENTS


https://goo.gl/G3ICjV

Free Instant Online Project Identification & Selection Search Facility

Selection process starts with the generation of a product idea. In order to select

the most promising project, the entrepreneur needs to generate a few ideas

about the possible projects.

Here’s we offer a best and easiest way for every entrepreneur to searching

criteria of projects on our website www.entrepreneurindia.co that is “Instant

Online Project Identification and Selection”


http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/project-identification




NPCS Team has simplified the process for you by providing a "Free

Instant Online Project Identification & Selection" search facility to

identify projects based on multiple search parameters related to

project costs namely: Plant & Machinery Cost, Total Capital

Investment, Cost of the project, Rate of Return% (ROR) and Break

Even Point % (BEP). You can sort the projects on the basis of

mentioned pointers and identify a suitable project matching your

investment requisites.

Click here to go






Contact us


106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,

New Delhi-110007, India.

Email: [email protected] , [email protected]

Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955

Mobile: +91-9811043595

Fax: +91-11-23845886

Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org

Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on

#StreetView


mailto:[email protected]



http://www.niir.org/


An ISO 9001:2008 Company



o One of the leading reliable names in industrial world for

providing the most comprehensive technical consulting services

o We adopt a systematic approach to provide the strong

fundamental support needed for the effective delivery of services

to our Clients’ in India & abroad

Who are we?



We at NPCS want to grow with you by providing solutions scale

to suit your new operations and help you reduce risk and give a

high return on application investments. We have successfully

achieved top-notch quality standards with a high level of

customer appreciation resulting in long lasting relation and

large amount of referral work through technological

breakthrough and innovative concepts. A large number of our

Indian, Overseas and NRI Clients have appreciated our

expertise for excellence which speaks volumes about our

commitment and dedication to every client's success.



We bring deep, functional expertise, but are known for

our holistic perspective: we capture value across

boundaries and between the silos of any organization.

We have proven a multiplier effect from optimizing the

sum of the parts, not just the individual pieces. We

actively encourage a culture of innovation, which

facilitates the development of new technologies and

ensures a high quality product.



o Project Identification

o Detailed Project Reports/Pre-feasibility Reports

o Business Plan

o Industry Trends

o Market Research Reports

o Technology Books and Directory

o Databases on CD-ROM

o Laboratory Testing Services

o Turnkey Project Consultancy/Solutions

o Entrepreneur India (An Industrial Monthly Journal)

What do we offer?



o We have two decades long experience in project consultancy and

market research field

o We empower our customers with the prerequisite know-how to

take sound business decisions

o We help catalyze business growth by providing distinctive and

profound market analysis

o We serve a wide array of customers , from individual

entrepreneurs to Corporations and Foreign Investors

o We use authentic & reliable sources to ensure business precision

How are we different ?



Our Approach

Requirement collection

Thorough analysis of the project

Economic feasibility study of the Project

Market potential survey/research

Report Compilation



Who do we serve?

o Public-sector Companies

o Corporates

o Government Undertakings

o Individual Entrepreneurs

o NRI’s

o Foreign Investors

o Non-profit Organizations, NBFC’s

o Educational Institutions

o Embassies & Consulates

o Consultancies

o Industry / trade associations



Sectors We Cover

o Ayurvedic And Herbal Medicines, Herbal Cosmetics

o Alcoholic And Non Alcoholic Beverages, Drinks

o Adhesives, Industrial Adhesive, Sealants, Glues, Gum & Resin

o Activated Carbon & Activated Charcoal

o Aluminium And Aluminium Extrusion Profiles & Sections,

o Bio-fertilizers And Biotechnology

o Breakfast Snacks And Cereal Food

o Bicycle Tyres & Tubes, Bicycle Parts, Bicycle Assembling



Sectors We Cover Cont…

o Bamboo And Cane Based Projects

o Building Materials And Construction Projects

o Biodegradable & Bioplastic Based Projects

o Chemicals (Organic And Inorganic)

o Confectionery, Bakery/Baking And Other Food

o Cereal Processing

o Coconut And Coconut Based Products

o Cold Storage For Fruits & Vegetables

o Coal & Coal Byproduct




o Copper & Copper Based Projects

o Dairy/Milk Processing

o Disinfectants, Pesticides, Insecticides, Mosquito Repellents,

o Electrical, Electronic And Computer based Projects

o Essential Oils, Oils & Fats And Allied

o Engineering Goods

o Fibre Glass & Float Glass

o Fast Moving Consumer Goods

o Food, Bakery, Agro Processing




o Fruits & Vegetables Processing

o Ferro Alloys Based Projects

o Fertilizers & Biofertilizers

o Ginger & Ginger Based Projects

o Herbs And Medicinal Cultivation And Jatropha (Biofuel)

o Hotel & Hospitability Projects

o Hospital Based Projects

o Herbal Based Projects

o Inks, Stationery And Export Industries




o Infrastructure Projects

o Jute & Jute Based Products

o Leather And Leather Based Projects

o Leisure & Entertainment Based Projects

o Livestock Farming Of Birds & Animals

o Minerals And Minerals

o Maize Processing(Wet Milling) & Maize Based Projects

o Medical Plastics, Disposables Plastic Syringe, Blood Bags

o Organic Farming, Neem Products Etc.




o Paints, Pigments, Varnish & Lacquer

o Paper And Paper Board, Paper Recycling Projects

o Printing Inks

o Packaging Based Projects

o Perfumes, Cosmetics And Flavours

o Power Generation Based Projects & Renewable Energy Based Projects

o Pharmaceuticals And Drugs

o Plantations, Farming And Cultivations

o Plastic Film, Plastic Waste And Plastic Compounds

o Plastic, PVC, PET, HDPE, LDPE Etc.




o Potato And Potato Based Projects

o Printing And Packaging

o Real Estate, Leisure And Hospitality

o Rubber And Rubber Products

o Soaps And Detergents

o Stationary Products

o Spices And Snacks Food

o Steel & Steel Products

o Textile Auxiliary And Chemicals




o Township & Residential Complex

o Textiles And Readymade Garments

o Waste Management & Recycling

o Wood & Wood Products

o Water Industry(Packaged Drinking Water & Mineral

Water)

o Wire & Cable



Contact us


106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,

New Delhi-110007, India.

Email: [email protected] , [email protected]

Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955

Mobile: +91-9811043595

Fax: +91-11-2385886

Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org

Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on

#StreetView







www.niir.org

Follow Us



https://www.linkedin.com/company/niir-project-consultancy-services

https://www.facebook.com/NIIR.ORG

https://www.youtube.com/user/NIIRproject

https://plus.google.com/+EntrepreneurIndiaNewDelhi

https://twitter.com/npcs_in

https://www.pinterest.com/npcsindia/


For more information, visit us at: www.entrepreneurindia.co


Documents

Glass Technology€¦ · condensation of vapours, conversion of crystals to an amorphous form using mechanical means or irradiation with fast neutrons, dehydration and sintering of