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II II II II II

Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis roliTanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis roliTanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis roliTanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis roliTanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis roli

saqarTvelos sagareo politikissaqarTvelos sagareo politikissaqarTvelos sagareo politikissaqarTvelos sagareo politikissaqarTvelos sagareo politikis

ganxorcielebaSiganxorcielebaSiganxorcielebaSiganxorcielebaSiganxorcielebaSi

dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi misi saSinao da sagareo politikissafuZvelTa gansazRvris mZime periodia. mimdinareobs samo-qalaqo sazogadoebis, demokratiuli saxelmwifoebriobisa damisi Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi wesrigis Camoyalibebis rTuliprocesi, romelic kidev ufro garTulebulia seriozuliekonomikuri, politikuri da sxva problemebis gamo, rac gana-pirobebs saSinao da sagareo politikis urTierTSefardebisspecifikas.

mocemul pirobebSi Zalze mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos axalisagareo-politikuri koncefciis SemuSaveba da miReba, romlisganuyofel nawiladac unda iqces saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivikoncefcia.

amasTan, ibadeba kiTxva: gvWirdeba Tu ara saerTod sagareopolitikis koncefcia, romlis SemuSavebac did ZalisxmevasmoiTxovs? aseTi koncefciis gareSe, politika moklebuli iqnebastrategias da erovnul interesTa dacvis saimedo saSualebadar gamodgeba. saxelmwifo iswrafvis oficialurad gansazRvrosSesabamisi stili da buneba misi urTierTobebis gare samyarosTan.saerTaSoriso cxovrebaSi efeqturi monawileoba bevrad arisdamokidebuli saqarTvelos moqnil sagareo politikaze. TuTavisi damoukideblobis pirvel wlebSi qveynis sagareo poli-tika miznad isaxavda politikuri da ekonomikuri izolaciidanTavis daRwevasa da saerTaSoriso aRiarebis mopovebas, amJamadigi mimarTulia saerTaSoriso politikur da ekonomikur siste-mebSi sakuTari adgilis damkvidrebisaken. saerTaSoriso arenaze

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saqarTvelos politikis gaaqtiurebis fonze aucilebelia sa-gareo politikis axali koncefciis SemuSaveba da miReba.

saxelmwifos politikisaTvis, saerTo jamSi, pirvelxarisxo-vani mniSvneloba aqvs saSinao da sagareo politikis opti-maluri Tanafardobis gansazRvras saqarTvelos cxovrebis aramxolod saSinao, aramed sagareo pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.koncefcia agebuli unda iyos saSinao politikis absoluturiprimatis cnobaze. Sesabamisad, sagareo politikis umTavresimizani mdgomareobs erovnuli interesebis uzrunvelyofaSi maTiviwro gagebiT, rogorc saSinao politikis interesebisa. amasTan,gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris is, rom erovnul interesTa saimedodacva saxelmwifos ar ZaluZs sxva qveynebTan mWidro Tanam-Sromlobis, agreTve saerTod, saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobiskanonier interesTa pativiscemis gareSe.

Tumca, istoria icnobs ara erT SemTxvevas, rodesac sxvadasx-va mizezTa gamo dasustebuli saxelmwifo zrdida Tavis poli-tikur gavlenas. gavixsenoT Tundac javaharlal nerus droin-deli indoeTi, rodesac qveyanam sagareo politikiT didi dain-teresebis gamo, am sferoSi garkveul warmatebebs miaRwies.magram saSinao politikis gauTvaliswinebloba qveyanaSi arse-bul sirTuleTa katastrofuli zrdis erT-erTi mizezi gaxda.gamocdileba mowmobs, rom sagareo-politikuri warmatebebiver anazRaureben saSinao politikis sirTuleebs. aucilebeliasaxelmwifo politikis orive mimarTulebis optimaluri Tana-fardoba. ar SeiZleba imis daviwyeba, rom rogorc saSinao, isesagareo politikis interesebi erovnul interesTa kategoriasmiekuTvneba.

sagareo-politikuri strategiis arseboba politikas pragmatulsxdis. pragmatizmipragmatizmipragmatizmipragmatizmipragmatizmi ki politikis aucilebeli Tvisebaa. amasTanerTad, mxedvelobidan ar unda gamogvrCes is, rom didi poli-tika ar SeiZleba iyos ideis gareSe. politikuri strategiaunda emyarebodes garkveul ideebs, gamoxatavdes idealebs,romlebsac ZaluZT mosaxleobis STagoneba da am politikissaerTaSoriso mxardaWeris uzrunvelyofa.

pragmatizmi ar unda dominirebdes politikaSi. zedmetad prag-matuli politika koncentrirebulia mimdinare sakiTxTa gada-

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wyvetaze, movlenaTa urTierTkavSirisa da maTi ganviTarebisperspeqtivis saTanado gaTvaliswinebis gareSe; ZiriTadi yura-dReba gadatanilia mimdinare sakiTxebze, anu taqtikaze, xolomniSvnelovani samomavlo problemebi, romlebic warmoadgenenstrategiis sagans, meore planze rCeba. imavdroulad, saxelm-wifos interesebis uzrunvelyofa xdeba iseTi politikiT,romelic iTvaliswinebs problemaTa urTierTkavSirs, agreTve,saerTo perspeqtivas da am safuZvelze gavlenas axdens movle-naTa msvlelobaze, xels uwyobs ra am ukanasknelTa sasurvelganviTarebas da ewinaaRmdegeba arasasurvels. sagareo poli-tikis koncefciam unda Camoayalibos sagareo-politikuri kur-sis safuZvlebi, ris gamoc masSi mTavari adgili strategiasekuTvnis.

zedmet pragmatizms ki SeuZlia politikis SemoqmedebiTi xas-iaTis, misi iniciativurobis donisa da Sesabamisad, moqmedebisZalis SezRudva. zedmeti pragmatizmi damaxasiaTebelia agreTvesxva saxelmwifoTa sagareo politikisaTvis, rac, rasakvirve-lia, amcirebs mis efeqturobas, amuxruWebs axali msofliowesrigis Seqmnis tempebs, asustebs mis zemoqmedebas masobrivcnobierebaze. viwropragmatuli politika konservatul xasi-aTs atarebs, romlis mTavari amocanaa SeinarCunos arsebulimdgomareoba, xolo misi Tviseba momavlisken gaxedvis survi-lis arqonaa.

saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebisa da normebis efeqturigamoyeneba unda ganisazRvros rogorc saqarTvelos usafrTx-oebis uzrunvelyofis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani meqanizmi. aRniS-nuli meqanizmis efeqturi gamoyeneba unda idges erT rigSi,qveynis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis ganmtkicebisa da ganviTarebis,usafrTxoebis sistemis Camoyalibebis strategiasTan erTad."patara saxelmwifos" sagareo politikis Camoyalibebisa daganviTarebis, misi usafrTxoebis sistemis Camoyalibebis pro-cesSi saerTaSoriso samarTalis principebisa da normebis efeqturgamoyenebas unda daeTmos gansakuTrebuli adgili. samwuxarod,"axali msoflio marTlwesrigi" ver gaTavisuflda "didi qvey-nebis" politikuri, ekonomikuri da zogjer, samxedro zewo-lis faqtebisagan "patara qveynebis" mimarT.

saerTaSoriso samarTali da sagareo politika


1 saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebisa an SeTanxmebebis Sesruleba im sax-elmwifos mier, romelic meore saxelmwifos faqtiur daqvemdebarebaSia(xelSekrulebis meore mxare), aRniSnul saxelmwifoze ar aris damok-idebuli.

saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa regulireba SesaZlebelia mxolodim SemTxvevaSi, rodesac urTierTobaSi Sedian iuridiuladTanabari subieqtebi. imisaTvis, rom aseTma regulirebam iarse-bos, saxelmwifoebma unda moepyron erTmaneTs rogorc Tanabarpartniorebs. mxolod am SemTxvevaSi SeuZliaT maT dadon xe-lSekrulebebi, romlebic pasuxoben maT erovnul interesebsda Seasrulon am xelSekrulebebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valde-bulebebi.1 faqtobrivad, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis samarT-lebrivi regulireba iwyeba im momentidan, rodesac yalibdebaZlier saxelmwifoebs Soris urTierTobebze gavlenis moxdenissaSualebebi. samarTlebrivi regulireba ar arsebobs da veriarsebebs saxelmwifoebis im garemoSi, sadac batonobs Zala dasadac mas gaaCnia saxelmwifoebs Soris urTierTobebis pirobe-bis sxvebisaTvis Tavze moxvevis unari. saerTaSoriso davebismSvidobiani gadawyvetis gzas saerTaSoriso urTierTobebisganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze alternativa ar gaaCnia da esaris erTaderTi gza, romelic dRevandel msoflios omis katas-trofisagan gadaarCens.

saqarTvelos sagareo politika unda Seicavdes regionalurisaxelmwifos politikis safuZvlebs, romlebic geostrategiu-li politikis maxasiaTebeli niSnebiT unda iyos gamdidrebulida daefuZneba saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebsa da normebs,maT Soris saerTaSoriso CveulebiT normebs.

sagareo politikis koncefciis Semadgeneli nawili unda iyosmasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi koncefcia.SeuZlebelia demokratiuli, samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos sa-gareo-politikur koncefciaze saubari, romelic ar eyrdnobarogorc erovnul, aseve saerTaSoriso samarTals. samarTlebrivisaxelmwifos politika SeuZlebelia iyos arasamarTlebrivi.ar SeiZleba agreTve imis daviwyebac, rom sadReisod ar arse-bobs saerTaSoriso samarTlis, rogorc globaluri sistemismarTvis instrumentis, alternativa.

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2 ix. l. aleqsiZe, Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTali, 1998 weli.3 iqve.

1. saqarTvelos saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi1. saqarTvelos saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi1. saqarTvelos saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi1. saqarTvelos saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi1. saqarTvelos saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi

koncefciis Camoyalibebakoncefciis Camoyalibebakoncefciis Camoyalibebakoncefciis Camoyalibebakoncefciis Camoyalibeba

saqarTvelos saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi koncefciis Camoyal-ibeba mimdinareobs saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa axali siste-mis, axali msoflio wesrigisa da marTvis Sesabamisi meqanizme-bis formirebis pirobebSi. misi yvela uaryofiTi momentis mi-uxedavad saerTaSoriso sistemis orpolusianma regulirebam`civi omis~ periodSi didi roli iTamaSa birTvuli katastro-fis acilebis saqmeSi, agreTve, am sistemis stabilurobis uzrun-velyofaSi. dResdReobiT politikur urTierTobaTa sistemagarTulda da ufro srulyofil regulirebas saWiroebs,risTvisac aucilebelia saamisod arsebul saSualebaTa mTeliarsenalis gamoyeneba. erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi maTgania saer-TaSoriso samarTali. gvinda xazgasmiT aRvniSnoT mecnierebismniSvnelovani roli saqarTvelos saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivikoncefciis (erovnuli saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi doqtrinis)SemuSavebaSi. sabednierod, pirveli nabijebi am mimarTulebiTukve gadaidga.2

"saerTaSoriso samarTali konkretuli saerTaSoriso sistemis- saxelmwifoTaSorisi sistemis, ganuyofeli nawilia da undaganixilebodes mTeli sistemis yvela komponentTan mWidro kav-SirSi".3

saerTaSoriso samarTlis roli saxelmwifoTa samarTlebrivsistemebSi sul ufro izrdeba. Tumca, garkveul mizezTa gamo,saxelmwifoebi Zalze Sors dganan saerTaSoriso samarTlispotencialis sruli gamoyenebisagan. mas jer kidev ar daukave-bia saTanado adgili saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobaSi. bevrisaxelmwifo, maT Soris didi saxelmwifoebic, ar Cqaroben misprogresul ganviTarebasa da upirvelesad, misi funqcionirebismeqanizmebis ganviTarebaze zrunvas, risi damamtkicebeli faqtebicpraqtikaSi mravlad aris. amaze metyveleben Tundac is prob-lemebi romlis winaSe dadga saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlissasamarTlo mTeli rigi e.w. "didi" qveynebis poziciis gamo,



4 ix. saqarTvelos respublikis uzenaesi sabWos mier miRebuli kanonebi

da dadgenilebebi, 291, 1991 w., 26-27.

romlebic Tavs ikaveben sruli pasuxismgeblobis aRebaze dacdiloben Searbilon statutis garkveuli muxlebis Sinaarsi.

aseTsave damamtkicebel sabuTad SeiZleba gamogvadges saerTa-Soriso samarTlis gaeros aTwliani programa, romelic, sam-wuxarod, naklebad Seicavs iseT debulebebs, romlebic sru-lyofen samarTlebriv normaTa realizacias. es maSin, rodesacXXI saukunis sazogadoebrioba moiazreba rogorc dafuZnebu-li saimedo marTlwesrigze. amgvari mdgomareoba sainiciativosaqmianobis Zalze farTo asparezs uqmnis saqarTvelos, romelmacunda ibrZolos politikaSi samarTlebrivi primatis dasamkvi-dreblad.

saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi koncefciis Camoyalibebis amosavalwertilad SeiZleba CaiTvalos "saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrividamoukideblobis aRdgenis aqti", romelic miRebul iqna saqarTve-los respublikis uzenaesi sabWos mier 1991 wlis 9 aprils.aRniSnuli aqtiT saqarTvelom ganacxada saerTaSoriso sa-marTlis principebisa da normebisadmi misi erTguleba.

aqtis Tanaxmad, saerTaSoriso samarTlis primati saqarTveloskanonmdeblobis mimarT da saqarTvelos teritoriaze misi norme-bis pirdapiri moqmedeba aRiarebulia saqarTvelos "ZiriTadsakonstitucio principad". damoukideblobis aRdgenis aqtiadasturebs damoukidebeli saqarTvelos swrafvas aRiaros dauzrunvelyos saerTaSoriso samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli norme-bi, maT Soris gaeros wesdeba, adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTaodeklaracia, saerTaSoriso paqtebi da konvenciebi.4

saerTaSoriso samarTlis roli mudmivad izrdeba Sida samarT-lebriv wyobaSi da amis dasturia axlad Camoyalibebuli qvey-nebSi gavrcelebuli praqtika. miuxedavad saerTaSoriso sa-marTlis mimarT dadebiTi midgomisa, saxelmwifo praqtikagarkveul wilad icvleba. rac Seexeba saerTaSoriso xelSek-rulebaTa namdvilobas, saxelmwifoTa umetesobas erovnulkanonmdeblobaSi naTlad aqvT gansazRvruli saerTaSorisoxelSekrulebebis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi roli, Tumca, amave

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5 Vladlen S. Vereshchetin, New Constitutions and the Old Problem of the Rela-tionship between International Law and National Law, 7 European Journal ofInternational Law 1996, 32.

dros ganusazRvreli rCeba saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarT-lis statusi. meore mxriv, zogierTma saxelmwifom gansakuTre-buli yuradReba gaamaxvila saerTaSoriso CveulebiT samar-Talze da, rogorc Cans, miiCnia, rom saerTaSoriso xelSek-rulebebis roli maT Sidasaxelmwifoebriv samarTalSi praq-tikis ganmavlobaSi iqneba gansazRvruli. danarCenma saxelmwi-foebma ki naTlad gamoxates TavianTi pozicia saerTaSorisoxelSekrulebebisa da saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlis mi-marT.

saqarTveloSi momxdari samarTlebrivi ganviTareba migviTiTebsswored axlad Camoyalibebuli saxelmwifoebis dadebiT midgo-maze saerTaSoriso samarTlis mimarT. saerTaSoriso samarT-lis, xelSekrulebis an Cveulebis rolis gazrda aris TiTqmisyvela post-sabWoTa qveynebis konstituciebis damaxasiaTebeliTviseba.5 aseTi midgoma gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania sasamarT-loebisaTvis, radganac maT SesaZlebloba miecaT pirdapir gam-oiyenon saerTaSoriso samarTals. saerTaSoriso samarTlisgamoyeneba, rogorc wesi, ar iyo SesaZlebeli bolo dromde,politikuri-ideologiuri barierebis gamo.

saqarTvelos saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi doqtrinis Camoyali-bebis umniSvnelovanes etapad iqca 1995 wlis konstituciismiReba. am ukanasknelis safuZvelze gamoica rigi kanonebisa,romelTac gaaCniaT principuli mniSvneloba doqtrinis ganvi-Tarebisa da konkretizaciisTvis, maT Soris kanonebi saerTa-Soriso xelSekrulebaTa, saxelmwifo sazRvris, kontinenturiSelfis Sesaxeb, kanoni diplomatiuri samsaxuris Sesaxeb, kanonisaerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb, kanoni normatiuliaqtebis Sesaxeb da a.S.

cnobilma iuristma Stainbergma swored aRniSna, rom "ZalzemniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rodesac konstituciuri reformebisgatarebis dros, pirvelad saxelmwifos istoriaSi, iqmnebasakonstitucio marTlmsajuleba, miT umetes maSin, rodesacam saxelmwifos yofili iuridiuli praqtika ar imsaxurebda



raime ndobas". saqarTveloSi sakonstitucio reformis Catare-bas udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda da aqvs dResac, rameTu erTx-el da samudamod CamovSordebodeT Zvel sabWour "iuridiulpraqtikas", iuridiul azrovnebasa da kulturas.

2. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis2. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis2. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis2. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis2. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis

ganviTarebis samomavlo perspeqtivebiganviTarebis samomavlo perspeqtivebiganviTarebis samomavlo perspeqtivebiganviTarebis samomavlo perspeqtivebiganviTarebis samomavlo perspeqtivebi

sagareo politikis koncefcia unda SemuSavdes uSiSroebisa dasagareo-ekonomikuri koncefciebis mWidro kavSirSi, vinaidan,saerTo jamSi, yvela koncefcia unda emsaxurebodes qveynisganviTarebas, misi usafrTxoebisa da teritoriuli mTlianobisaRdgenis, suverenitetis ganmtkicebisa da stabilurobis ide-alebs.

yovelive es ganapirobebs imis aucileblobas, rom sagareopolitikisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis dargSi Teoriebsa daprognozirebis praqtikas seriozuli yuradReba mieqces. amisgareSe Znelia profilaqtikuri diplomatiis ganxorcieleba,romelic mowodebulia Tavidan aicdinos movlenaTa arasasur-veli ganviTareba. aseTi diplomatia gaeros mier safuZvlian-adaa wamoweuli pirvel planze. sagareo politikasa da samar-Tals saerTaSoriso cxovrebis mzardi dinamizmis pirobebSisul ufro masStaburi problemebis gadawyveta uxdebaT.

prognozireba aucilebelia politikisaTvis stabilurobisa daTanamimdevrulobis misaniWeblad, rac efeqturobis aucilebelelementebs warmoadgenen. prognozireba xels uwyobs praqtiku-li saqmianobis optimizacias, empirizmisa da rutinuli SezRudu-lobis xvedriTi wonis Semcirebas. zustad gansazRvruli miznebismqone politika, romelic Tanamimdevrulad xorcieldeba, TanabarpirobebSi ufro did gavlenas axdens saerTaSoriso urTier-Tobebze, vidre pragmatuli politika, romelsac cxadi per-speqtiva ara aqvs da erTi arsebuli problemidan meoriskenmiedineba.

pragmatuli politika ganpirobebulia tradiciuli politikuriazrovnebiT, romelic Tavmoyrilia dRevandel, imwuTier prob-lemebze. amasTan, yuradRebas yovelTvis ar aqceven imas, rom

29

6 ix. TbilisSi henri kisinjeris vizitis Sesaxeb informacia/nana

avaliani, SoTa doRonaZe, saqarTvelos sagareo politikis mniSvnelo-vani movlenebi (1999), mecniereba, 2000, gv. 15.

problemaTa gadawyveta perspeqtivis gauTvaliswineblad ara-saimedoa da SeiZleba kidev ufro gaarTulos problemebi. sagar-eo-politikuri prognozirebis amocanebi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:

a) mogvawodos informacia momavlis Sesaxeb;

b) momavlis gaTvaliswinebiT gansazRvros miznis misaRwevadSesaZlo da optimaluri gzebi, meTodebi da saSualebebi,;

g) aqtiuri gavlena iqonios momavlis Camoyalibebaze.

axali msoflio wesrigi moiazreba rogorc demokratiuli. misdasamyareblad, upirveles yovlisa, saWiroa gavTavisufldeT`wamyvanTa~ da `maCanCalaTa~ mentalitetisgan. demokratizaciamoicavs ara marto politikur, aramed sxva saerTaSorisourTierTobebsac, maT Soris ekonomikursac. Zalis gamoyenebisan damuqrebis akrZalvam SezRuda am ukanasknelis gamoyenebisSesaZlebloba. axal pirobebSi ganviTarebuli qveynebi TavianTekonomikur siZlieres iyeneben politikuri miznebisTvis. nobe-lis premiis laureatis, doqtor henri kisinjeris, azriT,momavali ganviTarebisa da globaluri uSiSroebisaTvis yve-laze mniSvnelovania ekonomikuri faqtori. misi TqmiT, undaSeiqmnas axali msoflio safinanso sistema da, rac mTavaria,"unda uzrunvelvyoT, rom didi qveynebi aRar warmoadgendnensaSiSroebas SedarebiT susti mezoblebisaTvis".6

albaT, arc ki SeiZleba daeWveba imaSi, rom am saukunis msof-lio wesrigi Zalze gansxvavebuli iqneba wina saukunis wes-rigisagan. igi Camoyalibdeba ara TavisTavad, aramed saxelmwi-foTa mizanmimarTuli TanamSromlobis Sedegad. mosazreba axa-li msoflio wesrigis aucileblobis Sesaxeb gamoiTqmis sxvaqveynebis saxelmwifo moRvaweTa mierac da aisaxeba saerTa-Soriso dokumentebSi. amasTan, Zalze xSirad xazi esmeba saer-TaSoriso samarTlis rols stabilurobis Camoyalibebisa dauzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT.

dResdReobiT erovnuli da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobisinteresebis optimaluri SeTanxmebis problema ise mwvaved dgas,



7 ix. parlamentSi saqarTvelos prezidentis eduard SevardnaZes yovel-wliuri moxseneba 1999 wlis Sedegebisa da 2000 wlis saSinao da

sagareo ekonomikuri da politikuri amocanebis Sesaxeb.8 ix. Zbigniew Brzezinski. The Grand Chessboard. American Primacy and ItsGeostrategic Imperatives, International Relations Publishers, Moscow, 1999, p. 12.

rogorc arasdros. misi gadawyvetis gareSe, SeuZlebelia rogorcsaerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis, aseve calkeul wevr-saxelm-wifoTa cxovrebac. am rTuli amocanis gadawyvetas xeli undaSeuwyos XXI saukunis saerTaSoriso samarTalma, romelicsaerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis samarTali iqneba.

saerTaSoriso sistemis ZiriTad elementad saxelmwifo darCe-ba, magram integraciuli procesebi sazogadoebaSi masze gav-lenas moaxdenen. msoflio wesrigis safuZveli demokratiisprincipi iqneba. igi moicavs rogorc saerTaSoriso, aseve erovnulsistemebs. demokratia, damyarebuli adamianis uflebebis pa-tiviscemasa da Tavisufal arCevnebze, erTaderT legitimurreJimad iqceva. ukve dRes, adamianis uflebaTa pativiscema dademokratiuli reJimi evropis sabWoSi gawevrianebis aucilebelpirobebad gvevlineba. mxolod am safuZvelze SeiZleba dRevan-delobis iseTi mniSvnelovani problemis gadawyveta, rogori-caa, saerTaSoriso konfliqtebis Tavidan acileba erovnul,religiur da eTnikur niadagze.

saqarTvelos prezidentma aRniSna: "dRes ukve Tamamad SeiZlebaiTqvas, rom afxazeTis konfliqtis gadawyveta mxolod rome-lime erTi saxelmwifos nebaze ar aris damokidebuli, racCveni sagareo politikis uaxloes momavalSi axal perspeq-tivebs saxavs. Tumca am frazaSi ar unda vigulisxmoT ruse-Tis Seufasebloba, romelsac kvlavac ZaluZs dadebiTi damSvidobiani roli Seasrulos am istoriul procesSi".7

Tavis cnobil wignSi (The Grand Chessboard) zbignev bJezinskiaRniSnavs, rom "evrazia warmoadgens "Wadrakis dafas", romelzecgrZeldeba brZola msoflio baton-patronobisaTvis, da es brZolaexeba geostrategias - geopolitikuri interesebis strate-giul marTvas".8 saqarTvelo Tavisi geopolitikuri mdebareo-biT zustad am regionSi da am geopolitikuri "TamaSis" epi-

31

9 ix. parlamentSi saqarTvelos prezidentis eduard SevardnaZes yovel-

wliuri moxseneba 1999 wlis Sedegebisa da 2000 wlis saSinao dasagareo ekonomikuri da politikuri amocanebis Sesaxeb.

centrSia. rasakvirvelia, saqarTvelo ar aris am "TamaSis" aqti-uri moTamaSe, Tumca, mas SeuZlia am procesSi garkveuli ro-lis Sesruleba. saqarTvelos moqnili da dabalansebuli saSi-nao da sagareo politika, efeqtur da gaazrebul diplomati-asTan erTad, iTamaSeben gadamwyvet rols saqarTvelos, rogorcdamoukidebeli qveynis, momavlisTvis. saqarTvelos prezidentiswored aRniSnavs, rom "samxreT kavkasiis gansakuTrebuligeografiuli mdebareobis gamo saqarTvelos urTierToba CvensmezoblebTan scildeba ormxrivi urTierTobis farglebs. "didiabreSumis gzis" ideis praqtikuli ganxorcielebis dawyebamgamoiwvia regionis qveynebis TanamSromlobis gaRrmaveba tran-sregionaluri proeqtebis farglebSi".9

axali msoflio marTlwesrigi bevrad iqneba damokidebuli sa-gareo urTierTobebis zrdisa da mdgradobis moculobaze, anuurTierTobebis farTo internacionalizacia iqneba am saukunismaxasiaTebeli faqtori. internacionalizaciis Sedegad arsebi-Tad izrdeba saerTaSoriso kavSirebis moculoba, farTovdebamaTi monawileTa wre fizikur da iuridiul pirTa, agreTve,saxelmwifoTa administraciul-teritoriul warmonaqmnTa xar-jze. saxelmwifoebs uxdebaT rogorc damoukideblad, aseveerToblivad areguliron aseTi kavSirebis mzardi moculoba. estendencia kanonzomieria, magram mraval problemas warmoSobs.

administraciul-teritoriul warmonaqmnTa monawileobas saer-TaSoriso kavSirebSi SeuZlia centridanuli tendenciebi war-moqmnas. amas xels uwyobs agreTve saerTaSoriso uSiSroebisganmtkiceba. erovnuli erTianobis mniSvnelovani faqtoriyovelTvis iyo sagareo safrTxe: gadarCenisTvis aucilebeliasakmaod Zlier saxelmwifoSi gaerTianeba. es mizani yovelTvismsxverpls moiTxovda. dResdReobiT patara saxelmwifosac ZaluZsusafrTxod da stabilurad arseboba. swored amitom, Zalzemacdunebelia im mZime tvirTisagan gaTavisufleba, rac dakav-Sirebulia didi saxelmwifos Senaxvasa da sapasuxismgeblosagareo politikis gatarebasTan, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebri-



obis interesebze zrunvisagan gaTavisufleba. swored amaSimdgomareobs separatizmisa da Sida konfliqtebis zrdis erT-erTi mizezi.

unda ganvasxvavoT regionTa saerTaSoriso kavSirebSi monawi-leobis kanonzomieri zrda separatizmisgan, romelsac mivya-varT arsebuli saxelmwifoebis gaxleCisa da saerTaSorisosistemis dasustebisken, romelic iZleva sayovelTao mSvidobisada uSiSroebis garantias, patara saxelmwifoebis uSiSroebisCaTvliT. aRniSnuli sistemis aucilebel elementebad gvev-linebian mZlavri suverenuli saxelmwifoebi. gaeros gener-aluri mdivnis moxsenebaSi xazgasmulia `suverenul saxelmwi-foTa mniSvneloba da aucilebloba, rogorc saerTaSorisosazogadoebriobis ZiriTadi erTeulebisa~. udidesia supersax-elmwifoTa roli, romlebsac akisriaT ara marto mTavari pa-suxismgebloba saerTaSoriso sistemis stabilurobisaTvis, aramedmis Sesanaxad aucilebeli xarjebis ZiriTadi tvirTic.

problemis gadawyveta unda veZioT evropuli integraciisgamocdilebaSi. maastrixtis SeTanxmebebi iZlevian mniSvnelo-van SesaZleblobas sxvadasxva qveynis regionTa Soris uSualokavSirTa ganviTarebisaTvis. saxelmwifoTa mxridan kontrolisul ufro zogadi xdeba. Tumca, amave dros saxelmwifoebiinarCuneben yvelaze mniSvnelovani problemebis gadawyvetisprerogativas. albaT saWiroc ki araa imis Sexseneba, Tu raodendidi mniSvneloba aqvs gansaxilvel problemas saqarTvelo-saTvis da mas seriozuli yuradReba unda daeTmos, kerZod,saWiroa gamoices kanoni federaciis subieqtTa saerTaSorisokavSirebis Sesaxeb. gamoricxuli araa agreTve saerTaSorisodoneze am problemis mogvarebis iniciativac.

momavali moiTxovs msoflio sazogadoebriobis organizaciulistruqturis srulyofas. `konstituciis~ roli SenarCundebagaeros wesdebaSi, rogorc ZiriTadi miznebisa da principebisganmsazRvreli da axal pirobebTan Seguebis unaris mqone. Zvele-burad gaizrdeba saerTaSoriso organizaciebis roli da maTiuflebamosilebebi.

organizaciebis saqmianoba, gaeros CaTvliT, bevr rameSi safuZ-vlian kritikas eqvemdebareba. Tumca, mxedvelobidan ar unda

33

gamogvrCes, rom saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa sistema jer isevCamoyalibebis stadiaSia da rom maTi funqciebi gansakuTrebulisirTuliT gamoirCeva. aseve unda gavixsenoT, rom saxelmwifosnaklebad rTuli meqanizmic srulyofilebisagan Sors dgas.

saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa sistemaSi gaeros wamyvani mdgo-mareoba SesamCnevad ganmtkicdeba. gaizrdeba agreTve misi rolimTavari amocanis davebis, Tavidan acilebisa da konfliqte-bis regulirebis, sayovelTao mSvidobisa da uSiSroebis sak-iTxTa gadawyvetaSi. gaeros wesdebis Sesabamisi debulebebi da,pirvel rigSi, isini, romlebic exeba uSiSroebis sabWos, ufroefeqturi gaxdeba. arsebobs safuZveli, raTa movelodeT uSiS-roebis sabWos SesaZleblobaTa gafarToebas. aseTi tendenciagamovlinda sabWos qmedebebSi erayTan dakavSirebiT, mis mierori saerTaSoriso tribunalis dafuZnebiT. sabWos sxdomebiregularuli gaxdeba umaRles doneze. gafarTovdeba gaerospreventiuli diplomatia. aseTi saqmianoba arsebiT rols Sea-srulebs saerTaSoriso xasiaTis armqone konfliqtebSi.

saqarTvelo miiCnevs, rom gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciaswamyvani roli akisria msoflioSi mSvidobis damkvidrebisa daSenarCunebis procesSi. saqarTvelos TvalTaxedviT, XXI saukuneSigaero sayovelTao stabilurobisa da mSvidobis uzrunvely-ofis mTavar instrumentad unda iqces. swored man unda itvir-Tos saxelmwifoTa SigniT da maT Soris mimdinare konfliqte-bis momwesrigeblis funqcia, gadaWriT ebrZolos separatizmisada agresiuli nacionalizmis nebismier gamovlinebas, rac sa-frTxes uqmnis saerTaSoriso mSvidobasa da stabilurobas.aRniSnuli miznebis misaRwevad, saqarTvelo mxars uWers misiwesdebis me-7 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli meqanizmis srulyo-fasa da efeqtur amoqmedebas, rac, sxvasTan erTad, humani-tarul katastrofebze adeqvatur reagirebas gulisxmobs.

uSiSroebis sabWos rezoluciebi aucilebel SemTxvevebSi sazavoSeTanxmebaTa da samSvidobo molaparakebaTa funqciebsac kiSeasruleben. isini Seicaven debulebebs SeiaraRebuli konfliqtismonawileTa ganiaraRebis, wesrigis damyarebis, ltolvilTadabrunebis, arCevnebis Catarebis, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis,pasuxismgeblobisa da zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb. amitomac



Zalze mniSvnelovania saerTaSoriso organizaciebis farglebSimiRebuli savaldebulo gadawyvetilebebis (rezoluciebis) aRi-areba Cveni Sida samarTlis ganuyofel nawilad da maTTvisupiratesi reJimis miniWeba saqarTvelos sxva normatiul aqtebTanmimarTebaSi (analogiurad saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis re-JimTan).

uSiSroebis sabWo SeinarCunebs monopolias sanqciaTa gamoy-enebasTan mimarTebiT. Sesabamisi procedura detalurad undaiyos daregulirebuli. pirvel adgilze gamovlen politikur-diplomatiuri sanqciebi, iseTebi, rogorebicaa: diplomatiururTierTobaTa SezRudva, saerTaSoriso forumebSi monawileo-bis SezRudva da a.S. saWiro gaxdeba ekonomikur sanqciebSimonawile saxelmwifoTaTvis materialuri zaralis anazRaure-bis rTuli problemis gadawyveta.

mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba euTosa da evropis sabWos10 rolimimdinare saukunis saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi. aRniSnulorganizaciebs gaaCniaT soliduri potenciali, romelicsaqarTvelom unda efeqturad gamoiyenos.

mniSvnelovan sagareo-politikur movlenad iqca suamus (saqarTve-lo, ukraina, azerbaijani, moldova da uzbekeTis), rogorcregionaluri TanamSromlobis jgufis, Seqmna. aqac saqarTveloaqtiuri diplomatiis ganxorcielebas cdilobs da ZaluZsmniSvnelovani iniciativebi SesTavazos partniorebs. vfiqrobT,zustad arsebul asparezze saqarTvelom unda ganaviTarosTavisi sagareo politikuri kursi da Tavi daimkvidros samxreTkavkasiis regionSi aqtiuri politikis matarebel qveynad.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, gaizrdeba saerTaSorisosasamarTlos roli, gafarTovdeba im saxelmwifoTa wre, rom-lebic cnoben mis savaldebulo iurisdiqcias; sasamarTlo Sei-Zens uflebas gadawyvitos davebi saerTaSoriso organizaciaTamonawileobiT; imuSavebs saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis sasa-marTlo da mSvidobisa da kacobriobis winaaRmdeg Cadenil

10 saqarTvelos da evropis sabWos urTierTobebis ganviTarebis dinami-

kaze ix. SoTa doRonaZe, evropis sabWo da saqarTvelo, mecniereba,2000 w.

35

danaSaulTa kodeqsi. Sedegad saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobasaerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi wesrigis samsaxurSi Caayenebs sisx-lissamarTlebriv saSualebebs. Zalze realuria gaeros adami-anis uflebaTa sasamarTlos dafuZneba, romelic ganixilavs sax-elmwifoTa mier am uflebaTa darRvevis seriozul SemTxvevebs.

sabolood gaformdeba saerTaSoriso samarTlis iseTi mniS-vnelovani dargi, rogoricaa pasuxismgeblobis samarTali.

gaeros rolis zrda saerTaSoriso sistemis marTvaSi garkveul-wilad ewinaaRmdegeba im faqts, rom igi Tavisi xasiaTiT rCebaara imdenad saxelmwifoTaSoris, ramdenadac mTavrobaTaSorisorganizaciad, rac zRudavs mis SesaZleblobebs. amitomac undagadawydes gaeros saparlamento asambleis daarsebis sakiTxi.

axali msoflio wesrigisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iqneba ara mar-to demokratizmi da kanoniereba, aramed maRali zneobrividonec, igi samarTliani iqneba da uzrunvelyofs socialursamarTlianobas yvela xalxisaTvis.

savaraudoa, rom momavali msoflio wesrigis ZiriTadma niSan-Tvisebebma gamoxatuleba unda hpovon saqarTvelos sagareo-politikur koncefciaSi.

xazgasasmelia isic, rom saxelmwifos interesTa uzrunvely-ofis xarisxi sul ufro metadaa damokidebuli sxva qveynebTanmis urTierTobebze. Sesabamisad, mcirdeba sakuTari potencia-lis rolic uSiSroebisa da saxelmwifos sxva Zireul inter-esTa uzrunvelyofaSi. mcire da saSualo saxelmwifoebisaTvissagareo kavSirebi ukve dRes asruleben mTavar rols maTiuSiSroebisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis uzrunvelyofaSi.

did saxelmwifoTa Zala inarCunebs Tavis mniSvnelobas, up-irveles yovlisa, rogorc saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobisstabilurobis faqtori da marTlwesrigis safuZveli. super-saxelmwifosac ki ar ZaluZs uzrunvelyos Tavisi interesebisaerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobasTan aqtiuri urTierTqmedebisgareSe da mis interesTa gauTvaliswineblad. amitomac saqarTve-los sagareo politikis swor da dabalansebul orientirebasada saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi meqanizmebis efeqtur gamoy-enebaze aris damokidebuli Cveni qveynis momavali.



III III III III III

sayovelTao da regionaluri saerTaSorisosayovelTao da regionaluri saerTaSorisosayovelTao da regionaluri saerTaSorisosayovelTao da regionaluri saerTaSorisosayovelTao da regionaluri saerTaSoriso

samarTlis primati da saqarTvelosamarTlis primati da saqarTvelosamarTlis primati da saqarTvelosamarTlis primati da saqarTvelosamarTlis primati da saqarTvelo

saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da saxelmwifo samarTlis urT-ierTzemoqmedebis problema ufro farTo problemis - saxelm-wifos sazogadoebriv-politikuri sistemisa da saerTaSorisosistemis urTierTzemoqmedebis, Semadgeneli nawilia. rogorcsaxelmwifo, aseve saerTaSoriso samarTali swored is ZiriTa-di meqanizmebia, romlebic am urTierTzemoqmedebas aregulirebs.

samarTlis gabatoneba yovelTvis gvevlineboda nebismieri sa-zogadoebis ganviTarebis damadasturebel faqtorad. yovelsaxelmwifos ganviTarebis sakuTari modeli gaaCnia, Tumca,amasTan erTad, arsebobs saerTo elementebic, kerZod: ekonomi-kaSi, politikaSi, ideologiasa (marTlSegnebis CaTvliT) dasamarTalSic, romlebic kacobriobis saerTo gamocdilebas ey-rdnoba. swored es gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom mxolod so-cialuri progresisaTvis optimaluri pirobebis arseboba uwy-obs xels samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos Camoyalibebas. Tavismxriv, mxolod samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos arseboba uzrunve-lyofs samarTlis uzenaesobas, rodesac saxelmwifos an misromelime organosa Tu Tanamdebobis pirs ufleba ar aqvsgadauxvios dadgenil normebs. normis darRvevisaTvis dgebaSesabamisi pirebis pasuxismgebloba, imisda miuxedavad, Tu romeliTanamdebobrivi an socialuri mdgomareoba ukavia am pirs. aseTsaxelmwifoSi uzrunvelyofilia adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisu-flebebis dacva. samarTlebrivi sistema icvleba cxovrebismoTxovnebTan erTad. mxolod amgvari sistema Seesabameba demokra-tiuli samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso standartebs.

36

37

Cvens droSi saxelmwifo sistemebis Tvisobriv maxasiaTeblebsdidi mniSvneloba aqvs saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso avtorite-tis gansazRvrisaTvis. es exeba rogorc Zlier, aseve sustsaxelmwifoebs. optimaluri SemTxvevaa, rodesac ara martosaxelmwifos kanonmdebloba Seefardeba saerTaSoriso samar-Tals, aramed misi sagareo politikac eyrdnoba saerTaSorisosamarTals.1 samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo saerTaSoriso sazoga-doebis aucilebeli Semadgeneli nawilia. amitom saerTaSorisosamarTlis gabatonebis koncefcia aseoden aqtualuria. TumcaTviT saerTaSoriso samarTlisadmi arsebobda araerTgvarovanidamokidebuleba ara marto istoriis sxvadasxva periodebSi,aramed dResac dawyebuli sruli ugulebelyofidan, damTavre-buli misi SesaZleblobebis gaumarTlebeli gadaWarbebiT. hugogrociusi werda; xalxi, romelic bunebiT samarTals arRvevs,sakuTar simSvidesa da keTildReobas saZirkvels uTxris.

warsulis politikosebi Tvlidnen, rom ara umravlesobisdadgenilebebiT, aramed sisxliT xdeba sadavo sakiTxebis gada-wyveta da iqceodnen kidec Sesabamisad.2

amasTan dakavSirebiT, listi werda, rom saerTaSoriso sa-marTlis debulebebi xSirad iTeleba, magram, amave dros, sax-elmwifoebi sajarod aRiareben saerTaSoriso samarTlissavaldebulo Zalas nebismieri davis dros, omis CaTvliT.3

dResdReobiT sul ufro met mecniers, politikoss Tu iuristsgaTviTcnobierebuli aqvs Semdegi debuleba: imisaTvis rom gada-Wril iqnes globaluri problema - samyaro gadavarCinoT, sax-elmwifoTa Soris urTierTobaSi unda batonobdes civilizebu-li urTierTobebi, dafuZnebuli saerTaSoriso samarTlis normeb-sa da zogadsakacobrio moralze. amitom SemTxveviTi ar aris,rom axal politikur azrovnebaSi, iseT cnebebTan erTad,rogorebicaa - zogadsakacobrio faseulobebisa da interesebisprioriteti, msoflios erTianoba da qveynebis urTierTdamok-idebuleba, ganviTarebis gzebis arCevanis Tavisufleba - saer-

1 .., / - , 1995 ., . 18.2 , , 1956 ., . 48, 49.3 ., , 1909 ., . 9.

saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis Tanafardoba


TaSoriso urTierTobebSi sul ufro myarad mkvidrdeba saer-TaSoriso samarTlis primatis koncefcia. amave dros, mecnier-Ta nawils miaCnia, rom samarTlis roli saxelmwifos sagareopolitikaSi ar warmoadgens mTavar Temas.4 Tumca saerTaSorisosamarTali arsebobs uZvelesi droidan, saerTaSoriso sazoga-doebasa da TviT saerTaSoriso samarTlis xasiaTSi meoce sauku-neSi momxdarma cvlilebebma mianiWa mas axali JReradoba.

is, rac warsulSi ganixileboda sagareo politikis erT-erTatributad, sakuTari moqmedebis gamarTlebis an piriqiT, poli-tikuri da ideologiuri mowinaaRmdegeebis dadanaSaulebissaSualebad, gadaiqca Tanamedroveobis globaluri problemisgadaWris umTavres xerxad.

ratom TamaSobs saerTaSoriso samarTali aseT did rols?

Tu mokled SevecdebiT am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas, upirvelesyovlisa, unda aRvniSnoT, rom msoflio sul ufro urTierT-damokidebuli da integrirebuli xdeba. saxelmwifoTa calmxrivimoqmedeba, romelSic sxva saxelmwifoTa da erTa interesebiar aris gaTvaliswinebuli, ara mxolod ar iZleva grZelvadianupiratesobas, aramed safrTxis winaSe ayenebs TviT kacobrio-bis arsebobas.

urTierTdamokidebul samyaroSi rogorc damarcxeba, iseve gam-arjveba SeiZleba iyos saerTo, xolo saxelmwifoTa moqmedebe-bi urTierTSeTanxmebuli unda iyos. amis miRweva ki SesaZlebe-lia mxolod saerTaSoriso samarTlis, rogorc qcevis wesebiserTobliobis, rac saxelmwifoTa nebis, poziciebisa da inter-esebis, Sedegs warmoadgens, meSveobiT.5 aRniSnuli wesebi gan-mtkicebulia rogorc saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebsa da Cveule-bebSi, aseve samTavrobo saerTaSoriso organizaciebis iuridi-ulad savaldebulo rezoluciebSi.

Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTali aRar warmoadgens bur-

4 norman paexi, moxseneba berlinis 1999 w. 17/I konferenciaze.samarTlis primatis Sinaarsi saerTaSoriso politikaSi. http://home.t online.de. g.woop / gw 07324. htm5 ., , , 1982 ., . 136-141.

39

Juaziul Tu socialistur samarTals. es aris zogadsakaco-brio, zogaddemokratiuli xasiaTis normatiuli sistema. misinormebi, romlebsac safuZvlad udevs gaeros wesdebis princi-pebi, gamoxatavs calkeuli saxelmwifoebisa da, mTlianad, sax-elmwifoTa saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis interesTa balanss.masSi normatiulad ganmtkicda mravali zogadsakacobrio Rire-buleba: Zalis gamoyenebis akrZalva, sxva saxelmwifos saSinaosaqmeebSi Caurevloba, xalxTa TviTgamorkvevis ufleba da sxva.iuridiulad savaldebulo formiT ganmtkicda debulebebi, rom-lebic kacobriobis ekologiur usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofs.

amitom erTiani marTlwesrigis arseboba, romelic uzrunvely-ofs saerTaSoriso samarTlis primats saerTaSoriso urTier-TobebSi, sacicocxlo aucileblobas warmoadgens. TanamedrovesaerTaSoriso samarTlis primati saerTaSoriso urTierTobeb-Si uzrunvelyofs zogadsakacobrio faseulobebisa da intere-sebis normatiul asaxvas. sawyis dokuments, romelsac Tan-amedrove saerTaSoriso samarTali daeyrdno, warmoadgens gaeroswesdeba. am dokumentis unikaluroba ar warmoadgens davissagans. Tumca wesdebis principebi da normebi, aseve, mTlianad,gaeros meqanizmi araqmediTi xdeba, rodesac gaeros uSiSroeb-is sabWos mudmivmoqmedi wevrebi konsensusamde ver midian.msgavs SemTxvevaSi TamaSis ZiriTad wesad iqceva ara samarT-lis uzenaesoba, aramed ZalTa Tanafardoba. amis naTeli maga-liTia yofili iugoslaviis mimarT ganxorcielebuli zomebi(kosovoSi e.w. humanitaruli intervencia). msgavsi SemTxvevebisdaSveba saSiS pretendentebs qmnis, swored amgvari precedent-ebisagan mkacrad unda iyos daculi saerTaSoriso samarTlisnormebi. yovlad dauSvebelia ormagi standartebis arseboba -erTi mxriv, saerTaSoriso samarTlis primatis aRiareba da,meore mxriv, Zalis politikis gamoyeneba saerTaSoriso norme-bis gverdis avliT. ormagi damokidebuleba saerTaSoriso sa-marTlisadmi - msoflio marTlwesrigis progresul ganviTare-baSi aqtiuri monawileoba da amave dros, sakuTari egoisturipoziciebis realizebis mcdeloba, sazogadoebis urTierTsawi-naaRmdego xasiaTze metyvelebs. rogorc ki adgili aqvs inter-esTa konfliqts, romelic ver gvardeba samarTlebrivi norme-biT, Tavs iCens e.w. Zalmomreobis principi. es mianiSnebs ara



imaze, rom ar arsebobs norma, romelic sadavo sakiTxs moag-varebs, aramed imaze, rom ar arsebobs am normaTa aRsrulebissrulyofili meqanizmi.6 amgvarad, knindeba saerTaSoriso urT-ierTobebSi saerTaSoriso samarTlis primatis koncefcia, romel-ic ar unda iyos damokidebuli saxelmwifoTa neba-survilzegamoiyenos Tu ara arsebul viTarebaSi saerTaSoriso samarT-lebrivi norma. dRes, rodesac saerTaSoriso samarTlis pri-mati qveynis SigniT uzrunvelyofs demokratiisa, da samarT-lebrivi saxelmwifos koncefciebis gafarToebas, swored sax-elmwifoebma unda iTavon saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi saer-TaSoriso samarTlis primatis dacva.

sainteresoa, Tu konkretulad ra igulisxmeba saerTaSorisourTierTobebSi samarTlis gabatonebaSi?

I. saerTaSoriso samarTlis gabatoneba miiRweva saxelmwifoTamxridan saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebisa da normebismkacri dacviT.

II. saerTaSoriso samarTlis primati saerTaSoriso urTierTo-bebSi niSnavs aseve samarTlis gabatonebas Zalaze, radganacswored Zalisadmi an Zalis damuqrebisaTvis mimarTva safrTxesuqmnis saerTaSoriso marTlwesrigs. saerTaSoriso samarTlisuzenaesobas SeiZleba hqondes efeqturoba mxolod iseT pirobeb-Si, rodesac saxelmwifoebs gaTviTcnobierebuli aqvT sakuTariinteresi urTierTSeTanxmebuli prioritetebis uzrunvelyofa-Si. es niSnavs, rom saxelmwifo unda iTvaliswinebdesmravalmxrivi zomebis prioritets calmxriv qmedebaze.

III. saerTaSoriso samarTlis primatis ganxorcieleba saerTa-Soriso urTierTobebSi moiTxovs aseve saerTaSoriso samarT-lis principebisa da normebis urTierTSeTanxmebis uzrunvely-ofas Sidasaxelwifoebriv samarTalTan. TiToeuli saxelmwi-fos samarTlebrivi sistema unda Seesabamebodes saxelmwifosmier aRiarebul saerTaSoriso valdebulebebs.

saerTaSoriso arenaze samarTlis uzrunvelyofa, es aris mcde-loba Seiqmnas iseTi srulyofili marTlwesrigi, romelic Se-

6 .., , 1997 ., . 17-20.

41

Zlebs saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi saerTaSoriso samarTlisprimatis ideis realizebas, risi ganxorcielebis saSualebasTanamedrove tendeciebi iZleva.

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi saerTaSoriso samarTlis pri-matis uzrunvelyofa saWiroebs calkeuli saxelmwifoTa gaTviTc-nobierebas samarTlis uzenaesobis aucileblobaSi.7 es arismniSvnelovani rogorc didi, ise patara saxelmwifoebisaTvis.bunebrivia, rom mxolod TviTSegnebaze dayrdnoba ar moitansqmediT Sedegebs. saerTaSoriso samarTlis primatis uzrunve-lyofis miznis misaRwevad aRsaniSnavia ori ZiriTadi piroba:

1. saxelmwifo unda iyos iZulebuli saerTaSoriso samarTlisprimatis uzrunvelyofaSi;

magaliTad, axlad Seqmnili saxelmwifoebi aRiareben saerTa-Soriso samarTlis normebis primats Tundac imitom, rom sa-Tanado renome (avtoriteti) moixveWon, moagvaron Sidasaxelm-wifoebrivi problemebi saerTaSoriso meqanizmebis meSveobiT.

2. saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobas unda gaaCndes iseTi meqanizme-bi, romlebic aiZuleben urC saxelmwifoebs aRiaron saerTa-Soriso samarTlis normebi.

marTalia, arc erTi saxelmwifo nebayofilobiT da Riad TiTq-mis arasodes aRiarebs saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebis dar-Rvevas. yvela samarTaldamrRvevi saxelmwifo cdilobs met-naklebi iuridiuli dasabuTeba misces Tavis qmedebas.

samwuxarod, amis saSualebas, rig SemTxvevebSi, TviT saerTa-Soriso samarTlis norma iZleva, ufro swored - misi gan-marteba (interpretacia). es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom garkveulviTarebaSi saxelmwifoTa politikuri neba agebulia principze- sxva saxelmwifos qmedebis SezRudviT izRudeba TviT mocemulisaxelmwifos qmedeba.

saerTaSoriso samarTlis primatis sakiTxi sagareo urTierTo-bebSi mWidro kavSirSia zenacionalurobis sakiTxTan. am cnebisgamoyeneba ukavSirdeba evropul integracias. miiCneven, rom

7 .., .., ,. - , 1988 ., 3.



zenacionaluroba warmoiSveba maSin, rodesac romelime gaer-Tianeba uflebamosilia daavaldebulos wevri saxelmwifoebida moTxovos konkretuli moqmedebis gatareba ise, rom yovelcalkeul SemTxvevaSi misgan uflebamosilebis dasturi ar mi-iRos. gaerTianebas gaaCnia uflebamosileba garkveuli mocu-lobiT gasces damoukidebeli gankarguleba, magram es SesaZle-belia mxolod maSin, rodesac saxelmwifo, Tavisi nebis ga-momJRavnebis safuZvelze, axdens Tavisi suverenuli uflebam-osilebis delegirebas amgvari gaerTianebebisadmi. suverenuliuflebis delegireba ar iwvevs negatiur Sedegebs suverenite-tisadmi.8 anu es niSnavs, rom zenacionaluroba SesaZlebeliaarsebobdes iseTi gaerTianebebis CarCoSi, romlis wevrebi suv-erenuli erTeulebi arian. aqedan gamomdinare, SesaZlebeliavisaubroT funqcionalur zenacionalurobaze, romelic sax-elmwifoTa Soris warmoSobili urTierTobebis regulirebiserT-erTi saSualebaa da romlis arsebobas safuZvlad udevssaxelmwifoebs Soris dadebuli xelSekruleba. zenacionalurobisarsi mdgomareobs SemdegSi: zenacionaluri gaerTianebis SidasamarTali avtomaturad iqceva misi wevri saxelmwifoebis SidasamarTlad; gaerTianebis Sida samarTali iqmneba iseTi organosmier, romelsac wevri saxelmwifo iuridiulad ver akontrolebs,misi gadawyvetilebebi savaldebulo xasiaTs atarebs wevrisaxelmwifosaTvis, miuxedavad saxelmwifos mxridan amgvarigadawyvetilebisadmi Tundac negatiuri damokidebulebisa; amavedros, Sesabamisi sakiTxis ganxilva SesaZlebelia amoRebuliiyos misi gamgeblobisagan (konkurirebadi kompetencia). zena-cionaluri organo iqmneba saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi SeT-anxmebiT, romlis realizeba xorcieldeba nagulisxmevi kompe-tenciiT; wyaroebs, rogorc wesi, warmoadgens ara saerTa-Soriso samarTali, aramed gaerTianebis SidasamarTali. amgvar-ad, saerTaSoriso samarTalSi warmoiSva viTareba, rodesacsavsebiT realuri urTierTobebi, romelic saxelmwifoTaSorisosferoSi arsebobs da moiTxovs samarTlebriv reglamentirebas,atarebs aratradiciul subieqtur Tu obieqtur xasiaTs. es ar

8 .., ,, 1997 ., 2.

43

niSnavs imas, rom xelyofilia klasikur saerTaSoriso samar-TalSi moqmedi principi: par in parem non habet imperium. Tan-amedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis Taviseburebebi SesaZleblo-bas gvaZlevs visaubroT zenacionalurobis ara mxolod Teor-iul, aramed praqtikul aspeqtebzec. amis magaliTs gvaZlevsrogorc gaeros, aseve evrokavSiris samarTlebrivi sistema.

gaeros wesdebis pirvelsave muxlSi aisaxa saerTaSoriso mSvi-dobisa da uSiSroebis cneba, riTac normatiulad dafiqsirdais ZiriTadi debuleba, romelzec agebul unda iqnes saxelmwi-foTa TanamSromloba: uSiSroebis sabWos daekisra funqciaganaxorcielos iZulebiTi xasiaTis uflebamosileba. rig SemTx-vevebSi gaeros SeuZlia miiRos zomebi mesame saxelmwifoebismimarT. saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom sakosultacio daskvnaSi1949 w. ganacxada, rom gaeros gaaCnia saerTaSorisosamarT-lebrivi subieqturoba ara mxolod gaeros wevri saxelmwifoe-bis, aramed sxva saxelmwifoebis mimarTac. amgvarad, gaerossistemis daarsebam safuZveli Cauyara samarTlebrivi inte-graciis instituts, romelic gajerda da daixvewa evrokav-Siris farglebSi, rac dRes udavo sakiTxs warmoadgens.

saqarTvelos winaSe, damoukideblobis aRdgenasTan erTad, dadgasakiTxi, Tu ra adgils daikavebs igi saerTaSoriso asparezze.udavoa, rom iseTi saxelmwifosaTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa,Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi avtori-tetis moxveWa da sakuTari adgilis damkvidreba-ganmtkiceba.saqarTvelo Tavisi arsebobis rTul periods ganicdis; mim-dinareobs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis, demokratiuli saxelmwi-foebriobisa da Sesabamisi marTlwesrigis Camoyalibebis urTulesiprocesi, rac garTulebulia seriozuli ekonomikuri, poli-tikuri Tu sxva problemebiT. yovelive es ki ganapirobebs Sidada sagareo politikis Sefardebis specifikas. aqedan gamom-dinare, Zalze mniSvnelovania arsebul viTarebaSi qveyanas sa-gareo politikisadmi gaaCndes strategiuli koncefcia. amg-vari koncefciis arseboba nacionaluri interesebis dacvis myarigarantiaa, vinaidan aRniSnuli interesebis dacva SeiZleba miR-weul iqnes sxva saxelmwifoebsa da saerTaSoriso organiza-



ciebTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT, maTi samarTliani interesebispativiscemis gaTvaliswinebiT, saerTaSoriso organizaciebismoTxovnaTa dakmayofilebiT. sagareo urTierTobebis warmarTvaunda eyrdnobodes garkveul ideebs, asaxavdes idealebs, raTasaxelmwifos politikurma strategiam saerTaSoriso Tanamego-brobis mxardaWera moipovos. sagareo politikuri strategiawarmoudgenelia saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi koncefciis gareSe.SeuZlebelia demokratiuli samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos sa-gareo politika ar emyarebodes saerTaSoriso samarTals. sa-marTlebrivi saxelmwifos politika dauSvebelia iyos arasa-marTlebrivi, miT umetes, rom Tanamedrove samyaroSi saerTa-Soriso samarTlis, rogorc globaluri sistemis marTvis in-strumentis, alternativa ar arsebobs.

saqarTvelo suverenuli arsebobis pirvelive dRidan cdilob-da gamxdariyo saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis Tanasworuflebi-ani wevri, damorCileboda saxelmwifoTa saerTaSoriso Taname-gobrobis saerTo nebas, mis mier Seqmnil saerTaSoriso marTl-wesrigs. jer kidev 1991 wlis 9 aprils `saqarTvelos saxelm-wifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis aqtSi dafiqsirda, rom`saerTaSoriso samarTlis primati saqarTvelos respublikiskanonebis mimarT da misi normebis pirdapiri moqmedeba saqarTve-los teritoriaze cxaddeba saqarTvelos respublikis erT-erT ZiriTad konstituciur principad. es debuleba ganvrco-bil iqna saqarTvelos 1995 wlis konstituciis me-6 da me-7muxlebSi. am aspeqtSi yuradRebas vamaxvilebT erT dokumentze.es gaxlavT sagareo saqmeTa saministros mier SemuSavebulidokumenti - saqarTvelo da msoflio momavlis xedva dastrategia, romlis prezentacia 2000 wlis miwuruls moxda.dokumenti efuZneba saqarTvelos erovnuli usafrTxoebis kon-cefcias da gadajaWvulia sagareo politikur, sagareoekonomikur da TavdacviTi strategiul mimarTulebebTan.9

dokumentSi mokled aisaxa, Tu ra samuSao gaswia saqarTvelomganvlili wlebis manZilze am mimarTulebiT da, rac ufro

9 i. menaRariSvili, saqarTvelo da msoflio - momavlis xedva dastrategia, gamosvla, 2000 w. konferenciaze.

45

mniSvnelovania, saxelmwifos momavlis strategiuli xedva. aqvemocemulia ZiriTadi principebi, romelzec agebulia qveynissagareo politikis prioritetebi:

zogadsakacobrio, demokratiuli civilizaciis sayovelTaodaRiarebul faseulobaTa uzenaesoba. swored saerTaSorisosamarTali gvevlineba im sistemad, romelSic dafiqsirdayvela is progresuli, demokratiuli idealebi, romelTaczogadsakacobrio civilizaciis sayovelTaod aRiarebulifaseulobebi ewodeba. amiT saqarTvelom kidev erTxel daafiq-sira Tavisi damokidebuleba saerTaSoriso samarTlisadmi,amjerad - saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi;

globalizebad samyaroSi saqarTvelos iseTi adgilisa dafunqciebis gansazRvra, rac qveyanas saSualebaa miscemdarogorc globalizaciis SesaZleblobaTa maqsimalurad gamoy-enebis, ise unars saTanado pasuxi gaeca am sayovelTaoprocesiT warmoSobil gamowvevebze. saqarTvelo aris saer-TaSoriso organizaciebis sruluflebiani wevri, rac saSu-alebas aZlevs qveyanas gamoiyenos is saerTaSoriso meqanizmebi,romlebic saerTaSoriso TanamegobrobaSi mis integrirebasSeuwyobs xels.

globalizaciis procesSi erovnuli TviTmyofadobis,aTaswleulTa manZilze Seqmnili kulturuli memkvidreobisSenarCunebisa da ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa. saqarTvelo,Tavisi geopolitikuri mdebareobis gamo, yovelTvis eqceodasxvadasxva saxelmwifoebis interesebis sferoSi. Tanamed-rove etapze iseTi patara saxelmwifos arsebobas, rogori-caa saqarTvelo, saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis sruluflebianwevrad swored saerTaSoriso samarTliT aRiarebuli princ-ipebi da normebi uzrunvelyobs. saerTaSoriso samarTaligvevlineba im instrumentad, romlisadmi apelireba saxelm-wifos ufleba-movaleobebis dacvis garantirebis saSualebaa.

mocemuli principebis garda, dokumentSi mkafiod ganisazRvrasagareo urTierTobebSi arsebuli is mimarTulebebi, romelTamixedviTac, saqarTvelos politikuri kursi ganviTardeba. pri-oritetul mimarTulebas warmoadgens evropul da evroatlan-



tikur struqturebSi integrireba. swored evropis sabWoSiTanamSromlobas ganixilavs saqarTvelo rogorc qveynis demokra-tiuli ganviTarebis Seuqcevadobis uzrunvelyofis umniSvnelo-vanes instruments. amitom aris, rom saqarTvelo yvela Ronesxmarobs, raTa am organoSi gawevrianebisas wamoyenebuli pirobebiSeasrulos.

saqarTvelo did yuradRebas uTmobs evrokavSirTan TanamSrom-lobis gaRrmavebas, kerZod, evrokavSirTan partniorobisa daTanamSromlobis xelSekrulebis realizebas. evropis struq-turebSi integraciis procesi mWidrod aris dakavSirebulievropis samarTlis primatis aRiarebaze, rac ufro Sors mi-dis, vidre saerTaSoriso samarTlis primatiT nakarnaxevi valde-bulebi. aRniSnuli sakiTxis Seswavla saTanado mecnierulyuradRebas moiTxovs. magram erT-erT mTavar prioritetad rCebasaqarTvelosa da gaeros TanamSromloba, rac dokumentSi calkeTavSi aisaxa. amiT qveyanam kidev erTxel gausva xazi, Tu raumniSvnelovanes rols TamaSobs es universaluri organizacia,rogoricaa gaero, mSvidobis damkvidrebasa da SenarCunebismsoflioSi axali marTlwesrigis ganmtkicebisa da ganviTareb-is procesSi. swored am marTlwesrigis primati dRes calkeulqveynebSi demokratiuli, samarTlebrivi marTlwesrigis arse-bobisa da ganviTarebis garantiaa.

udaoa, rom saqarTvelom Rirseuli adgili unda daikavos saer-TaSoriso arenaze. Tanamedrove etapze saxelmwifo aRmSeneblobawarmoudgenelia saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis gareSe, xolointegrirebis procesis warmarTva SeuZlebelia TanamedrovesaerTaSoriso samarTlis normebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, racaisaxeba saxelmwifos rogorc saSinao, agreTve sagareo fun-qciebis ganxorcielebaSi. saqarTvelom pirveli nabijebi gadad-ga sagareo politikis koncefciis SemuSavebis asparezze, risdastursac zemonaxsenebi dokumenti warmoadgens, romelicpirveli mcdelobaa saqarTvelos sagareo politikis Teoriuliaspeqtebis Sejamebisa da perspeqtivaSi strategiul mimarTule-baTa koncefciis sferoSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom dokumentigamsWvalulia saerTaSoriso samarTlis primatis suliskveTe-biT, TviT es debuleba saTanadod formulirebuli ar aris,

47

Tumca saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 da me-7 muxlebi amisSesaZleblobas iZleoda.

Tanamedrove etapze saerTaSoriso samarTlis qarTuli mec-nierebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes mimarTulebad gvevlinebauniversaluri da regionaluri saerTaSoriso marTlwesrigisTanafardobis Seswavla, calkeuli saxelmwifoebis Sidasax-elmwifoebriv samarTalSi am primatis konkretuli gamokvlevada am procesis daCqarebis mizniT, axali konkretuli RonisZ-iebebis dasaxva.



erovnuli kanonmdeblobisa daerovnuli kanonmdeblobisa daerovnuli kanonmdeblobisa daerovnuli kanonmdeblobisa daerovnuli kanonmdeblobisa da

saerTaSoriso samarTlis urTierTqmedebasaerTaSoriso samarTlis urTierTqmedebasaerTaSoriso samarTlis urTierTqmedebasaerTaSoriso samarTlis urTierTqmedebasaerTaSoriso samarTlis urTierTqmedeba

saerTaSoriso da erovnuli samarTlis sistemebis urTierTqmedebisaqtivizacia Tanamedrove msoflios erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeliniSania. obieqturi xasiaTis mizezTa garda, aRniSnuli proce-sis safuZvels Seadgens aseve Sida da saerTaSoriso kanoniere-bis erTianobis ideis SeRweva adamianTa samarTalSemecnebaSi,romelic amJRavnebs kacobriobisa da misi bedis Rrma erTianobas.ama Tu im qveyanaSi misi ganviTarebis xarisxi arsebiTi maCvene-belia misi politikuri da samarTlebrivi cnobierebisa dakulturis donisa. es procesi kidev ufro metad axdens zegav-lenas saxelmwifos, misi calkeuli organoebis, maT SorissasamarTloebis, saqmianobaze.1

am mimarTulebiT Cvens qveyanaSi arsebiTi garRveva, Tumca,upiratesad kanonmdeblobis sferoSi, dakavSirebulia 1961 welsssr kavSirisa da mokavSire respublikebis samoqalaqo kanonm-deblobis safuZvlebis miRebasTan, romlis 129-e muxlSi aRniS-nuli iyo, rom, Tu ssrk-is saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT dad-genilia sxva wesebi, vidre sabWoTa samoqalaqo kanonmdebloba-Si, maSin gamoiyeneba saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis wesebi.SemdgomSi analogiuri normebi ganmtkicebul iqna kanonmde-blobis sxvadasxva dargis fuZemdebluri kanonebis umravleso-baSi. amasve imeorebdnen respublikuri kodeqsebic, maT SorissaqarTvelos kodeqsebi. Tumca aRniSnul wess ar mieniWa kon-stituciuri mniSvneloba. iuridiuli logikis miuxedavad, isar iyo arc 1978 wlis kanonSi `ssr kavSiris xelSekrulebebisdadebis, Sesrulebisa da denonsirebis wesis Sesaxeb~.2

zemoaRniSnulisagan gansxvavebiT, 1995 wlis konstituciammocemul princips ufro farTo xasiaTi mianiWa. marTalia,konstituciis teqstSi pirdapir da kategoriuli formiT ar

1 .., , , 1993, cnh\ 49.2 amJamad es wesi ganmtkicebulia.

48

49

weria, rom saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebulinormebi da principebi misi samarTlebrivi sistemis Semadgene-li nawilia, Tumca, me-6 muxlis me-2 punqti Sesabamisad dafiq-sirebulia, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba Seesabameba saer-TaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebsa danormebs, da saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas daSeTanxmebas aqvs upiratesi iuridiuli Zala Sidasaxelmwifoe-brivi normatiuli aqtebis mimarT, Tu igi saqarTvelos konsti-tucias ar ewinaaRmdegeba.

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebsa da sayovelTaod aRiarebulnormebze miTiTeba mocemulia aseve konstituciis sxva muxleb-Si. magaliTad, me-7 muxlis Tanaxmad, `saxelmwifo cnobs daicavs adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebul uflebebsa da Tavisu-flebebs.~ aseTive miTiTebebia mocemuli me-13, 30-e, 39-e, 47-emuxlebSi, sadac saubaria moqalaqeobis sakiTxebze, adamianisuflebebsa da Tavisuflebebze. saqarTvelos konstituciurikanonmdeblobisaTvis siaxlea konstituciis 38-e muxlis de-buleba saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuliprincipebisa da normebis Sesabamisad umciresobaTa uflebebisganxorcielebis Sesaxeb.

moyvanili konstituciuri formulirebebi, mowmoben ra saqarTve-los ltolvas msoflio wesrigisadmi, rac gansaxierebuliasaerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebSi, gansakuTrebiT, sayovelTaodaRiarebul principebSi, TavisTavad kidevac amsubuqeben erovnulikanonmdeblobisa da samarTalSemfardeblis mdgomareobas; up-irveles yovlisa imitom, rom ar xsnian da uzustodac kiamJRavneben saerTaSoriso samarTlis kategoriebs.

jer erTi, gaugebaria, Seexeba Tu ara termini - `sayovelTaodaRiarebuli~, mxolod saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebs (Tumcaprincipi, zogadad, principad gvevlineba mxolod im SemTx-vevaSi, Tu mas cnobs Sesabamisi urTierTobis yvela subieqti),Tu saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebsac. vfiqrob, rom cneba -`sayovelTaod aRiarebuli~, unda Seexos saerTaSoriso sa-marTlis normebsac. aseT SemTxvevaSi moyvanili formulirebasaerTaSoriso samarTlis principebisa da normebis nawilSiunda ganvmartoT im gagebiT, rom masSi saubari exeba saerTa-



Soriso samarTlis im principebsa da normebs, romlebsac aqvTimperatiuli xasiaTi. aseTi saxis dazusteba arsebiTia aramxolod normebTan, aramed saerTaSoriso samarTlis princi-pebTan mimarTebaSic.

saqme isaa, rom saerTaSoriso samarTalSi arsebobs sami saxisprincipebi: 1) principi - ideebi (magaliTad, humanizmis princi-pi), romlebic ar warmoSoben samarTalurTierTobebs, Tumcaganamtkiceben warmodgenebs jerarsis Sesaxeb; 2) zogadi xasi-aTis principi normebi, anu norma principebi (magaliTad,diplomatiuri xelSeuxeblobis principi); 3) ZiriTadi princ-ipebi _ jus cogens. es ukanaskneli gulisxmobs istoriuladganpirobebul fundamentur sayovelTaod aRiarebul normebs,romlebic gamoxataven saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTad Si-naarss, mis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs da aRWurvili arian umaR-lesi, imperatiuli iuridiuli ZaliT. warmoadgenen ra zogadisaerTaSoriso samarTlis RerZs da aqvT ra imperatiuli Zala,ZiriTadi principebi arseboben mxolod rogorc universaluri,sayovelTaod aRiarebuli da sayovelTaod savaldebulo normebi.cxadia, rom swored amas gulisxmobs saqarTvelos konsti-tuciis me-6 muxli.

jus cogens principebi imosebian samarTlebrivi formiT saxelm-wifoTa saerTo SeTanxmebis Sedegad.

saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi principebis mTavar wyaroswarmoadgens gaero-s wesdeba. amas mowmobs wesdebis 103-e mux-li, sadac aRiarebulia misgan gamomdinare valdebulebebisupiratesi Zala.

saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi principebi ar aris erTxelda samudamod gayinuli erT adgilze. isini konkretdebian daviTardebian ara mxolod saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebSi, aramed,aseve, politikuri xasiaTis aqtebSic, upirveles yovlisa, gaero-sgeneraluri asambleis rezoluciebSi. ZiriTadi principebissistematizaciis Sedegad miRebul iqna deklaracia saerTa-Soriso samarTlis principebis Sesaxeb, romlebic exeba sax-elmwifoTa Soris megobrul urTierTobebsa da TanamSromlo-bas gaeros wesdebis Sesabamisad (1970 w.). deklaracia Seicavssaxelmwifoebisadmi mowodebas TavianT saerTaSoriso saqmi-

51

anobaSi ixelmZRvanelon mocemuli principebiT da ganaviTaronTavianTi urTierTobebi maTi mkacri dacvis safuZvelze. saer-TaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi princi pebis konkretizaciamocemulia aseve euTos 1975 wlis daskvniT aqtSi.3

saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi regulirebis intensifikaciasTanerTad sul ufro met mniSvnelobas iZens misi mizanmimarTule-ba. Tanamedrove periodSi saerTaSoriso normatiuli regu-lirebis rolis gaZliereba xdeba ara saxelmwifos qcevazedetaluri meurveobis gafarToebis gziT, aramed subieqtebispasuxismgeblobis miznebisa da sferoebis ufro mkafiod gan-sazRvris Sedegad. saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi princi-pebis imperatiuli ZaliT aRWurvis erT-erTi mizezi mdgomar-eobs imaSi, rom isini amJRavneben saerTaSoriso TanamSromlo-bisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTad miznebs.

saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi principebi funqcionirebenori formiT. rogorc yvela norma, isini pirdapir zemoqmedebensubieqtebis urTierTobebze. garda amisa, ganmtkicebuli arianra ufro konkretul normebSi, isini axdenen am normebiT imavezegavlenas. mniSvnelovan rols am sakiTxSi TamaSobs saerTa-Soriso konvenciebi. magaliTad, adamianis uflebebisa da Ziri-Tadi Tavisuflebebis pativiscemis principma, rac aRiarebuliagaero-s wesdebiT, Tavisi dakonkreteba hpova jer adamianisa damoqalaqis uflebebis sayovelTao deklaraciaSi, xolo SemdegsaerTaSoriso paqtebSi - erTi mxriv, samoqalaqo da poli-tikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb da, meore mxriv, socialur-ekonomikurida kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb. Tavis mxriv, aRniSnulipaqtebis debulebebi konkretdeba mravalmxriv konvenciebSi,romlebic Seexeba moqalaqeTa ama Tu im kategoriis dacvas,

3 euTos daskvniTi aqtis Tanaxmad nusxa gamoiyureba Semdegnairad: a)

saxelmwifoTa suverenuli Tanasworoba; b) Zalisa da Zalis muqaris argamoyeneba; g) sazRvrebis urRveoba; d) saxelmwifoTa teritoriulimTlianoba; e) davebis mSvidobiani gziT mogvareba; v) Sida saqmeebSiCaurevloba; z) adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebispativiscema; T) xalxTa Tanasworoba Tavisi bedis gankargvis ufleba; i)saxelmwifoebs Soris TanamSromloba; k) saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivivaldebulebebis keTilsindisierad Sesruleba.



magaliTad gaero-s 1990 wlis konvenciaSi bavSvTa uflebebisSesaxeb da sxva rasakvirvelia, ZiriTadi principebi SeiZlebada unda dakonkretdes saxelmwifoTa ormxriv SeTanxmebebSic.

ZiriTadi principebis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa _ maTi siste-muri xasiaTi. yvela isini mWidrod aris gadajaWvuli. aseTiurTierTqmedebis struqturuli kavSirebi sakmaod rTulia daxasiaTdeba ara mxolod urTierTdamokidebulebiT, aramed ier-arqiis elementebiTac. Tumca es ukanaskneli ar atarebs mkacridaqvemdebarebis formalur-iuridiul xasiaTs, aramed aq saubariexeba ufro RirebulebiT ierarqias da, aseve, azrobriv daqvem-debarebas. magaliTad, mTel sistemaSi yvelaze ganzogadebuliprincipi - mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis principia, danarCeni princ-ipebi ki eqvemdebareba mas, rogorc umaRlesi zogadsakacobrioRirebulebis _ mSvidobisa da saxelmwifoTa mSvidobiani urT-ierTqmedebis, ganmamtkicebels.

debulebam ZiriTadi principebis sistemurobis Sesaxeb Tavisigamoxatuleba hpova 1970 wlis deklaraciaSi saerTaSorisosamarTlis principebis Sesaxeb, sadac gaTvaliswinebulia, romZiriTadi principebis ganmartebisa da gamoyenebisas TiToeulimaTgani unda ganixilebodes sxvasTan urTierTkavSirSi. mocemuldebulebas aqvs ara mxolod arsebiTi ideologiuri, aramed,aseve, praqtikuli mniSvnelobac. amitom veTanxmebi prof.v. vereSCentins, romelic konfliqtologiis problemebis ganx-ilvisas gamovida im mcdelobis winaaRmdeg, rom erTa TviTga-morkvevis uflebis principisaTvis mieniWebinaT prioritetulimniSvneloba saxelmwifos teritoriuli mTlianobis princip-Tan mimarTebaSi. amasTan, v. vereSCetinma marTebulad aRniSna,rom saerTaSoriso samarTlis ZiriTadi principebi unda ganima-rtebodes da aRiqmebodes erTobliobaSi da arc erT SemTxveva-Si ar unda xdebodes maTi urTierTdapirispireba.4

zemoTqmuli saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebis mravalmxrivkonvenciebsa da ormxriv SeTanxmebebSi ZiriTadi principebisada maTi damakonkretebeli normebis ganmtkicebis Sesaxeb amprocesSi arafriT ar amcirebs saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi

4 ix. , 1994, #4, . 18-19.

53

Cveulebis Zalas. ufro metic, saerTaSoriso samarTlis mec-nierebaSi, gaero-s wesdebasa da saerTaSoriso sasamarTlosstatusze dayrdnobiT, usafuZvlod aris cnobili saerTaSorisosamarTlis wyaroebs Soris samarTlebrivi primatis SesaxebTviT sakiTxis dasmac ki. praqtikisaTvis cnobilia SemTxvevebi,roca CveulebiTi norma auqmebs xelSekrulebiT normas dapiriqiT. analogiur Sedegebs aqvs adgili xelSekrulebiTi gziTimperatiuli normis Seqmnisas.

am movlenis axsna dakavSirebulia TviT saerTaSoriso samarT-lis normis arsTan. saerTaSoriso CveulebiT normebs aqvs igivebuneba, rac saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis normebs: saxelmwi-foebis _ saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqtebis, SeTanxmebas.maT Soris gansxvaveba devs mxolod Seqmnis meTodisa da gamox-atvis formaSi da ara arssa Tu SinaarsSi. ufro metic, xe-lSekrulebebi da Cveulebebi urTierTmoqmedeben nebismieri donissaerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi normebis Seqmnisa da ganxorcielebisprocesSi, jus cogens-is ZiriTadi principebis CaTvliT. TusaerTaSoriso praqtikaSi formirdeba gansazRvruli wesi, rom-lis ukanac saxelmwifoebi ar cnoben iuridiulad savaldebu-lo Zalas, maSin es aris ara saerTaSoriso Cveuleba, aramedsaerTaSoriso wesi, anu saerTaSoriso Tavazianobis wesi.

Cemi azriT, zemoaRniSnuli udao dasturia imisa, rom saqarTve-los konstituciis me-6 muxlSi saubaria mxolod saerTa-Soriso samarTlis im sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebsa danormebze, romlebsac aqvT imperatiuli xasiaTi. saerTaSorisosamarTlis imperatiuli CveulebiTi normebis gamocalkevebapraqtikaSi unda efuZnebodes saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebisSesaxeb 1969 wlis venis konvenciis 53-e muxls, romlis Tanaxmad,saerTaSoriso samarTlis imperatiuli zogadi (e.i. araregion-aluri) norma iTvleba aseTad, Tu mas Rebulobs da cnobsmTlianad saxelmwifoTa saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba.~ liter-aturaSi aRiniSneba, rom sityva - `mTlianad~, aSkarad arniSnavs `yvela saxelmwifos~, ramdenadac 200 saxelmwifoskonsensusi ubralod SeuZlebelia. amrigad, konvenciis formu-lireba gulisxmobs normis miRebas saxelmwifoTa warmomadgen-



lobiTi umravlesobiT, gamomyenebeli saxelmwifos CaTvliT.5

aseTi umravlesoba unda akmayofilebdes moTxovnas, romelsacuyenebs gaero-s saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos statuti mosa-marTleTa Semadgenlobas, kerZod, _ uzrunvelyon umTavresicivilizaciuri formebisa da msoflios ZiriTadi samarTlebrivisistemebis warmomadgenloba.

zogadi saerTaSoriso samarTlis imperatiuli normis nusxa,saerTaSoriso samarTlis imperatiuli principebis nusxis ms-gavsad, atarebs amomwurav xasiaTs. pirobiTad, isini SeiZlebagavaerTianoT sam msxvil blokad: a) principebi da normebi,romlebic ganamtkiceben saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis Tanamed-rove sistemis safuZvels; b) principebi da normebi, romlebicgamoxataven saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi miRweul moralurstandarts; g) principebi da normebi, romlebic ganamtkicebensaerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi humanurobis miRweul dones (ad-amianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, omis msxverplTa dacva,iaraRis gansazRvruli saxeobis akrZalva da sxva).

amasTan, mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT is, rom saxelmwifoTaerTi jgufis mcdeloba saerTaSoriso samarTlis rig normebsada principebs mianiWon imperatiuli xasiaTi, gansakuTrebiTadamianis uflebaTa sferoSi, xSirad iwvevs erovnuli samarT-lebrivi sistemebis dacviT reaqcias. ase iyo, magaliTad, adami-anis uflebaTa Sesaxeb msoflio konferenciaze (vena, 1993 w.),roca `mesame msoflios~ qveynebis mniSvnelovanma nawilma, sxvaargumentebTan erTad, miuTiTebda ra Tavis qveynebSi aTaswlo-vani civilizaciis istoriis Sesaxeb, uari Tqva adamianis uflebaTareglamentaciis dasavluri modelis mTeli msofliosaTvis im-peratiulad cnobaze.

saqarTvelos konstitucia qveynis samarTlebrivi sistemis Se-madgenel nawilad Tvlis ara mxolod saerTaSoriso samarT-lis sayovelTaod aRiarebul normebsa da principebs, aramed,aseve, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebsac. amasTan,

5 ix. .., : / , 1995,#11, . 119.

55

amiT moqmedi kodeqsebisa da kanonebis wesebs mieniWaT zogadixasiaTi imis Taobaze, rom, Tu saqarTvelos saerTaSorisoxelSekrulebaSi dadgenilia sxva wesebi, vidre es gaTval-iswinebulia kanoniT, maSin gamoiyeneba saerTaSoriso xelSek-rulebis wesebi. aseTi konstituciuri normis aRmocenebas,principSi, SeiZleba mxolod mivesalmoT, mxolod Tu sityve-bis - `saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba~, win CavsvamT sityva _`ratificirebuls~. ratificirebis faqtze miTiTeba aucilebe-lia samTavrobaTaSoriso da uwyebaTaSorisi xelSekrulebebismudmivad mzardi moculobis pirobebSi, romelTa wesebsac undahqondeT maTi damdebi organoebis aqtis samarTlebrivi Zala daar unda hqondeT prioriteti kanonis normebTan SedarebiT.

is faqti, rom samTavrobaTaSoriso da uwyebaTaSoris xelSek-rulebebs umravles SemTxvevaSi xels aweren im xelSekrule-bebis gansaviTareblad, romlebic dadebulia xelisuflebiswarmomadgenlobiTi organoebis mier, ar xsnis problemebs. amasver awesrigebs aseve `saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-bebis Sesaxeb~ kanonSi miTiTebac imis Sesaxeb, rom uwyebaTa-Sorisi xasiaTis xelSekrulebebis ratificireba savaldebu-loa, Tu isini adgenen sakanonmdeblo aqtebisagan gansxvavebulwesebs. xelSekrulebasa da kanons Soris winaaRmdegobis gamov-lenis faqti xom mainc rCeba aRmasrulebeli organoebis Sexed-ulebaze. amitom kanonSi saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSek-rulebebis Sesaxeb pirdapir unda Caiweros, rom saqarTvelossamTavroboTaSoriso da uwyebaTaSorisi xelSekrulebebs aqvsmaTi damdebi organos samarTlebrivi Zala.

aseTi koliziis saSiSroebas, rogorc Cans, iTvaliswinebdnensaqarTvelos 1995 wlis konstituciis SemadgenlobaSic. maTwinaSe idga ormagi amocana: erTi mxriv, sakanonmdeblo wesiTganemtkicebinaT qveynis erTguleba msoflio wesrigisadmi, racgansaxierebulia saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebsa da, gansakuTre-biT, saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul normeb-sa da principebSi; meore mxriv, _ ar daeSvaT umniSvnelovanesikonstituciuri debulebebis Selaxva saerTaSoriso SeTanxme-bebiT. aRniSnulma mosazrebam gamoxatuleba hpova saqarTveloskonstituciis me-6 muxlSi.



me-6 muxlis Sesabamisad, marTalia, saqarTvelos konstituciamsaerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi, saerTaSoriso samarTlis say-ovelTaod aRiarebul normebsa da principebTan erTad, daayenaerovnul kanonmdeblobaze maRla, Tumca man ar mianiWa amukanasknel debulebas upirobo xasiaTi. amasTan, xazgasmuliaTviT saerTaSoriso samarTlis ierarqiuli struqtura, romelSicsaerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebTan mimarTebaSi gabatonebulimdgomareoba ukavia saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRi-arebul principebsa da normebs.

saqarTvelos konstituciis 89-e muxlis sakonstitucio sasa-marTlos gamgeblobas miakuTvnebs saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-bebisa da SeTanxmebebis konstituciurobis sakiTxis ganxilvas.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb kanonSimocemuli debuleba kidev ufro dakonkretebulia. mocemulikanonis 38-e muxlis me-2 punqtSi saubaria konstituciurisarCelis Setanis Sesaxeb iseTi saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis,SeTanxmebis an maT calkeul debulebaTa konstituciasTan Se-sabamisobis Taobaze, rac eqvemdebareba ratificirebas. Tumca,iqve daTqmulia piroba, rom es SeiZleba mxolod maT parlamen-tSi ratificirebamde. gaurkveveli rCeba mxolod sakiTxi: rogormoviqceT, Tu saqarTvelos mTavrobam ukve daamtkica samTavro-baTaSoriso an sauwyebaTaSoriso xelSekruleba, romelic, par-lamentis azriT, ar Seesabameba konstituciis moTxovnas? visSeuZlia gadawyvitos mocemuli dava, Tu is ar Sedis sakon-stitucio sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi?

ar SeiZleba yuradReba ar mivaqcioT im faqts, rom `saerTa-Soriso xelSekrulebebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-6muxli ganixilavs saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebsrogorc saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Semadgenel nawils. amasveadasturebs, principSi, saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 mux-lic, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom iq pirdapir ar aris miTiTe-buli aRniSnulis Sesaxeb da, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebisgarda, naxsenebia sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebi da normebi.vfiqrob, mocemul formulirebaSi umjobesi iqneboda sityvebis- `kanonmdeblobis Semadgeneli nawilia~, nacvlad dafiqsirebu-liyo `samarTlebrivi sistemis Semadgeneli nawili~. maT Soris

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sxvaoba arsebiTia, ramdenadac cneba - `samarTlebrivi sistema~,`kanonmdeblobaze~ gacilebiT farToa cneba, im SemTxvevaSicki, Tu am ukanasknels ganvmartavT rogorc kanonebisa da sxvanormatiulsamarTlebrivi aqtebis erTobliobis cnebis identurad.

mecnierebaSi Camoyalibebuli warmodgenis Sesabamisad, `samarT-lebrivi sistemis~ cneba moicavs samarTlebrivi fenomenebismTel erTobliobas, maT Soris samarTalrealizacias, samar-Talgamoyenebas, samarTalSemecnebas, samarTlebriv kulturasda sxva. am gagebiT konstituciisa da, gansakuTrebiT, saerTa-Soriso xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb kanonis me-6 muxlebis formu-lirebebi arakoreqtuli da arasworia.

saqme imaSia, rom Zalian mcire saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivinormebia TviTSesrulebadi, e.i. iseTi, romelTa wesebi gamo-sadegia pirdapiri uSualo gamoyenebisaTvis, erovnulsamarT-lebrivi sistemis farglebSi maTi maimplimentirebeli kanonisgamocemis gareSe. TviTSesrulebadi saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivinormebi aris ara mxolod kanonmdeblobis Semadgenlobis naw-ili, aramed, aseve, saqarTvelos mTeli samarTlebrivi sistemisac.danarCeni saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi normebi qveynis samarT-lebriv sistemaSi Sedian samarTalrealizaciisa da samarTal-gamoyenebis, maT Soris sasamarTlo aqtebis, Sedegad.

literaturaSi aRiniSneba, rom msoflio praqtikaSi saerTa-SorisosamarTlebrivi normebi, ZiriTadad saerTaSoriso xe-lSekrulebebis debulebebi, naklebad miekuTvneba TviTSesrulebadkategorias, gansakuTrebiT, Tu isini exeba adamianis uflebebs.arada, swored am sferoSi aqvs gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobaxelSekrulebebis uSualod gamoyenebis problemebs. magaliTad,iseT qveynebSi, rogorebicaa: aSS, didi britaneTi, holandia -adamianTa uflebebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebebi miekuTvneba imkategorias, romelsac ar gaaCnia pirdapiri moqmedeba. es exebaadamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb evropul konvenciasac, romelicxSirad ganixileba rogorc samarTlis damxmare wyaro, romelzemiTiTebasac sasamarTlo Tavs aridebs.6

6 .. , ., 1993, .108,111, 131, 149.



saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi normebis kanonebSi implementaciasasurvelia, ramdenadac amiT xdeba konkretul erovnul-sa-marTlebriv sistemasTan normaTa Sewyoba-Seguebis uzrunvely-ofa. implementaciisas kanonmdebloba da sasamarTlo praqtikaiyeneben sxvadasxva sesxebs saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaodaRiarebuli CveulebiTi normebisa da saerTaSoriso xelSek-rulebebis debulebebis mimarT. pirveli adgens yvela saxelm-wifosaTvis zogadad misaReb standartebs da maTi erovnulsamarTlebriv sistemaSi SemoReba xorcieldeba centralizebu-li sakanonmdeblo proceduris meSveobiT. meore Seicavs konkre-tul da specializirebul normebs da calkeuli saxelmwifoe-bis praqtikaSi maTi danergva xSirad xorcieldeba erovnulisasamarTloebis mier.

erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi SesaZlebelia saerTaSoriso orga-nizaciebis rezoluciebis implementaciac (samoqalaqo aviaciissaerTaSoriso organizaciis rezoluciebi), Tu saxelmwifossurs mianiWos maT kanonis xasiaTi. rogorc cnobilia, saerTa-Soriso organizaciebis rezoluciebs, TavisTavad, savaldebu-lo Zala ar gaaCniaT da Sedegad, ar xvdebian saqarTveloskonstituciis me-6 muxlis moqmedebis qveS. sxva ram SesaZle-belia mxolod saxelmwifos konstituciaSi specialuri daTq-mis ararsebobisas, romelic adgens saerTaSoriso organizaci-is rezoluciis savaldebulobas, rac Tanamedrove praqtikaSiZalze iSviaTia. magaliTad, espaneTis 1978 wlis konstituciis93-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `generalur kortesebs an mTavrobas,kompetenciaTa Sesabamisad ekisrebaT movaleoba uzrunvelyonxelSekrulebebis an rezoluciebis Sesruleba, romlebic ga-momdinareobs saerTaSoriso an zeerovnuli organizaciebisa-gan~. calkeul SemTxvevebSi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis yve-laze mniSvnelovani rezoluciebis implementacia warmoebs spe-cialuri kanonis miRebis gziT.

kanonmdeblobasa da samarTalgamoyenebis organoTa aqtebSi saer-TaSoriso samarTlisa da saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis nor-maTa implementaciasTan dakavSirebiT, praqtikul mniSvnelobasiZens sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, ramdenad aucilebeli da misaRebiakanonebSi, dadgenilebebSi, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebsa da

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sxva samarTalgamoyenebis aqtebSi pirdapiri miTiTeba saerTa-SorisosamarTlebrivi normebis an saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-bebis rekvizitebze. praqtikulad, maTze pirdapiri miTiTebaiSviaTad gvxvdeba, ramdenadac implementaciis procesSi Sei-Zleba gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod TviTSesrulebadi normebisredaqcia. sxva normebi, Cveulebriv, ganicdian ama Tu im sare-daqcio transformacias. Tumca nebismier pirobebSi sasurveliasakanonmdeblo aqtebis preambulaSi saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivwyaroebze miTiTeba imisaTvis, raTa sasamarTloebsa da sxvasamarTal-gamoyenebiT organoebs Tavis praqtikul saqmianobaSigauadvildeT saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis Ses-ruleba.

sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom calkeul SemTxvevebSi gamoyenebasdaqvemdebarebuli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis TviTSesrule-badi normebi gacilebiT detalizirebulia, vidre erovnulikanonmdeblobis normebi. Tumca sasamarTlo organoebi, saerTa-SorisosamarTlebrivi normebis Sesabamisad gadawyvetilebismiRebisas, ufro xSirad ar imowmeben maT.

saerTaSoriso da erovnuli samarTlis urTierTkavSiris prob-lemas aqvs kidev erTi aspeqti - is ganpirobebulia imiT, romyofili sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze moqmedebas agrZelebsmravali sakavSiro kanoni da sxva samarTlebrivi normebi, romelTaSenarCuneba gamowveulia, upirveles yovlisa, dRevandeli su-verenuli respublikebis ekonomikuri kavSirebis moTxovnilebiT.amas adgili aqvs, kerZod, sarkinigzo gadazidvebis sferoSi,romlebic dsT-s qveynebisaTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobasiZens im SeTanxmebaTa sistemis ZaliT, romlebic daido maTSoris 1992 wlis dasawyisSi. aRniSnuli SeTanxmebebiT Senar-Cunebulia yofili ssr kavSiris moqmedi sarkinigzo kanonmde-bloba. aseTi gadawyvetileba aris yvelaze martivi da ekonomi-uri sarkinigzo transportis eqspluataciis pirobebis Tval-sazrisiT, romlis muSaobis teqnologia moiTxovs erTian sa-marTlebriv reJims. Sedegad, ssrk-is sarkinigzo kanonmdeblo-bam dsT-s qveynebisaTvis SeiZina saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebismniSvneloba, aqedan gamomdinare, - yvela SedegebiT.

aRniSnavs ra am faqts, o.n. sadikovi miuTiTebs, rom dsT-s



qveynebis mewarmeebs Soris sxva mraval sameurneo kavSirebTanmimarTebaSi maTi axali saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi buneba araris gaTvaliswinebuli da agrZelebs avtomatur moqmedebas(anu specialuri SeTanxmebis gareSe) adre moqmedi ssrk-s kanon-mdebloba an dsT-s Sesabamisi qveynis kanonmdebloba. es uka-naskneli xSirad gamoiyeneba koliziuri samarTlis debulebeb-is gauTvaliswineblad, romelic dsT-s qveynebSi gansxvavebu-lia da aris arasakmarisad sruli da Tanamedrove.7

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxli saqarTvelos xelSek-rulebebis prioritetis Sesaxeb erovnul sakanonmdeblo normebTanmimarTebaSi savaldebuloa ara mxolod mTlianad saqarTve-los, aramed, aseve, misi subieqtebis normaSemoqmedi da samar-Talgamomyenebeli organoebisaTvis. es niSnavs, rom ierarqiisyvela donis kanonmdeblobisa da Tanamdebobis piris cnobiere-baSi saerTaSoriso samarTlis rolisa da erovnul kanonmde-blobaSi misi implementaciis ideis Canergva iribad xels uwy-obs qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis, rogorc aseTis, ganmtkice-bas. saqarTvelos ratificirebul saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-bas gaaCnia saqarTvelos kanonis statusi da am saxiT, - priori-teti saqarTvelos Semadgeneli nawilebis kanonebTan mimarTebaSi.

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis ganxilvisas, yura-dRebas imsaxurebs kidev erTi Teoriulad da praqtikuladmniSvnelovani sakiTxi: marTebulia Tu ara miTiTeba erovnulkanonmdeblobaSi, rom, Tu saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT dad-genilia sxva wesebi, vidre saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi, maSingamoiyeneba saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis wesebi?

erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom aq ar aris raimeproblema. ra Tqma unda, erovnuli kanonmdebeli uflebamosil-ia g

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