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Interview Questions & Answers
Banking Interview Questions [Bank PO ,Clerk]
1.Tell me something about yourself?
2.Why you want to make a career in banking after doing MBA/Engg?
3.What are your career goals (long term & short term)?
4.What is Financial Inclusion?
5.What is Repo rate/Reverse Repo Rate? What is the Difference between the two?
SBI clerk Quest ions (all collected f rom ot her threads or f rom orkut)
1-why r u interested in banking sector..??
2-Do u support privatisation of banks? why..??
3-Being in a public sector bank how can u compete with private sector banks...??
4-what steps 2b taken 2 control global warming.?
Questions posted by Akanshita
1.wat is NPA?
2.why do u want to join sbi.
3.Tell something abt yourself?
4.how many t ime u have cleared sbi exam?
5.who is the current chairman of sbi?
6.what is CRR?
7.what is RR(Repo rate)?
7.why did u choosed sbi for the job while pvt sector bank
is paying heavy salary to his employee?
8.which banned out f it is responsible for recent blast in
dif ferent city of india?
9.who is the governor of RBI?
10.u have completed your graduation(if u have)in this year(-
----).what u were doing till now?
11.who is the f inance secretary?
# What is RR(Reporate)
# Whats is CRR# Whats is reverse RR
# Whats is SLR
# Whats r d too ls with RBI to control liquidity in market
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# Who is d chairperson of RBI
# Which bank recently got submerged in SBI
# Who is the owner of SBI at present n with what % of shares
# What was d name of f irst bank established in India ?
# When was Stat e Bank of India established in India
# Who is the Chairman of SBI
# Financial crisis in America# Why joining SBI or Banking Sector
# Questions on Hobby
# Historical or geographical Importance of d place u live SBI clerk Qus (all collected from other
threads or f rom orkut)
1-why r u interested in banking sector..??
2-Do u support privatisation of banks? why..??
3-Being in a public sector bank how can u compete with private sector banks...??
4-what steps 2b taken 2 control global warming.?
1.wat is NPA?
2.why do u want to join sbi.
3.Tell something abt yourself?
4.how many t ime u have cleared sbi exam?
5.who is the current chairman of sbi?
6.what is CRR?
7.what is RR(Repo rate)?
7.why did u choosed sbi for the job while pvt sector bank
is paying heavy salary to his employee?
8.which banned out f it is responsible for recent blast in
dif ferent city of india?
9.who is the governor of RBI?
10.u have completed your graduation(if u have)in this year(-----).what u were doing till now?
11.who is the f inance secretary?
# What is RR(Reporate)
# Whats is CRR
# Whats is reverse RR
# Whats is SLR
# Whats r d too ls with RBI to control liquidity in market# Who is d chairperson of RBI
# Which bank recently got submerged in SBI
# Who is the owner of SBI at present n with what % of shares
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# What was d name of f irst bank established in India ?
# When was Stat e Bank of India established in India
# Who is the Chairman of SBI
# Financial crisis in America
# Why joining SBI or Banking Sector
# Questions on Hobby
# Historical or geographical Importance of d place u live
SBI clerk Qus (all collected from ot her threads or f rom orkut)
questions asked to me:
since i am a comp. sci. student they asked what r d
languages i hv learnt i replied c,c++ and now i learning
vb... they asked the diff . bet . c and vb
then hw computers r used in banks?earlier days v used maintain separate record for each n
every person who hv account but after being computersied
as v type the acc.no. it display all the details..
then dd forms were computerised,earlier it was writ ten by
hand ... then core banking...
next i am a throwball player.... so they asked what 's d
diff .bet throw ball and volley ball
as i hv won state level certificate in elocution i was
asked to speak abt . INDIA for 2 min.
then t hey asked me wat i like n dislike in INDIA...
since i'm 4m vandalur next t o chennai , it comes under
kanchipuram dist. they quest ioned me "wat 's imp. regarding
kanchipuram", i replied temples,dist .Head Quarter then
kanchipuram silk...
then they also asked me abtwat's imp. in vandalur
next wat do u know abt SBI
wat r the private banks ans. i replied ICICI and HDFC
full form of ICICI ? Industrial Credit and Investment
Corporation of India...
Wat r the nat ionalised banks?
since i am doing college ug f inal year they asked y do come
for job when u r studying.....I replied that the main aim
of studies is to know wat 's going around us and the next
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is to get the job .. when the oppurtunity knocks at me y
shdn't i use it...
then wat is u.s crisisSBI clerk Qus (all collected f rom other threads or f rom orkut)
questions asked to me:
since i am a comp. sci. student they asked what r d
languages i hv learnt i replied c,c++ and now i learning
vb... they asked the diff . bet . c and vb
then hw computers r used in banks?
earlier days v used maintain separate record for each n
every person who hv account but after being computersied
as v type the acc.no. it display all the details..
then dd forms were computerised,earlier it was writ ten by
hand ... then core banking...
next i am a throwball player.... so they asked what 's d
diff .bet throw ball and volley ball
as i hv won state level certificate in elocution i was
asked to speak abt . INDIA for 2 min.
then t hey asked me wat i like n dislike in INDIA...
since i'm 4m vandalur next t o chennai , it comes under
kanchipuram dist. they quest ioned me "wat 's imp. regarding
kanchipuram", i replied temples,dist .Head Quarter then
kanchipuram silk...
then they also asked me abtwat's imp. in vandalur
next wat do u know abt SBI
wat r the private banks ans. i replied ICICI and HDFC
full form of ICICI ? Industrial Credit and Investment
Corporation of India...
Wat r the nat ionalised banks?
since i am doing college ug f inal year they asked y do come
for job when u r studying.....I replied that the main aim
of studies is to know wat 's going around us and the next
is to get the job .. when the oppurtunity knocks at me y
shdn't i use it...then wat is u.s crisis
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SBI clerk Qus (all collected from ot her threads or f rom orkut)
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we had 3 men n a lady to interview us.....one person asked me abt my hobbies [painting- colours
n how do i select my theme to paint] and abt my plc and since i've writ ten Tally as my spcl
course ..they asked me to tell abt t hat t oo ..
2nd person asked me chairman of SBI n finance min of my state..
3rd person asked me abt my native plc n abt deposits n loans provided by the bank..
4th person asked me abt the speciality of a famous personality Sir M. Vishveshvaraiyya as he's
the pioneer of the KRS Dam built in Mysore- a famous tourist at traction ...and abt debt waivers
of farm loans.....
Simple........and within 15 mins my interview was over !!!!!!!!!
Keep Smiling throughout....if u dont know t ell it f rankly...no probs...they'll correct u if u r wrong.....
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hi guy's today i given interview at hyd sbi learning centre.
my interview was so cool. they just asked about my details
and some computer questions i.e. what is dos?
what is ram? and what is float ing and what is gravitat ional
force,it is same for all materials or not
and regarding about "gate way of india" where it is and y
it has made?
where is the india gate and y it has build?
that sal......
all the best for other guy's
NIA interview questions
What is CAR?
Reinsurance?
when is niacl established.?When is niacl nationalized.?
What is CRR?
Define SLR?
how can we control the liquidity in system with CRR.?
how much % Govt owns in Niacl.?
How much %govt should own t o make the company govt owned?
Tell me about recent un summit(copenhagen)?
What is the prof it of NIACL?Income of NIACL?
what is a liability ?
what is insurance liability? (person got confused and confused me), Public liability?
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Why will you stay with niacl?
suppose you got selected in Federal bank united bank of india and NIACL which one you
choose and please be honest.?
Interview: I was asked the following questions by the 4 member panel.I was the f irst to give
interview that day. I am an MBA(Finance) from IBS,Mumbai.:
1. What does ICFAI stands for ?
2. Tell me something about ICFAI ?
3. What is the CFA course of ICFAI ?
4. My family background.
5. What considerat ions should be taken while making a portf olio ?
6. Where does an insurance company invests its funds ?
7. What are treasury bills ?
8. What is Yield ?
9. How is yield related to market price ?
10. What is HTM & AFS ?
11. What is mark to market ?
11. How is it important for insuarnce sector ?
12. What are dated securities ?
13. Founder of NIACL ?
14. Paid up capital of NIACL ?
15. What do you know about NIACL ?
16. What are sources of income for NIACL?
17. what are the disbursements for NIACL?
18. How will you handle the situation if an experienced and old employee misbehaves with you
in of f ice ?
19. How much makrs i will give myself out of 10 for t his interview ?
JAVA Interview Questions
1. What is a virtual function in C++?
Simply put, the virtual keyword enables a function to be virtual which then gives possibility forthat function to be overridden (redefined) in one or more descendant classes. It is a good
feature since the specif ic funct ion to call is determined at run-time. In other words, a virtual
function allows derived classes to replace the implementat ion provided by the base class.
2. What is the diff erence between private, protected, and public?
These keywords are for allowing privilages to components such as funct ions and variables.
Public: accessible to all classes
Private: accessible only to the class to which they belong
Prot ected: accessible to the class to which they belong and any subclasses.
3. What is a cartesian product in PL/SQL?
When a Join condition is not specified by the programmer or is invalid(fails), PL/SQL forms a
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Cartesian product.
In a Cartesian product, all combinations of rows will be displayed.
For example, All rows in the f irst table are joined to all rows in the second t able. It joins a bunch
of rows and its result is rarely useful unless you have a need to combine all rows from all
tables.
4. What is mutual exclusion? How can you take care of mutual exclusion using Java
threads?
Mutual exclusion is where no two processes can access critical regions of memory at the same
time.
Java provides many utilit ies to deal with mutual exclusion with the use of threaded
programming.
For mutual exclusion, you can simply use the synchronized keyword and explicitly or implicitly
provide an Object, any Object, to synchronize on.
The runtime system/Java compiler takes care of the gruesome details for you. The
synchronized keyword can be applied to a class, to a method, or to a block of code. There are
several methods in Java used for communicating mutually exclusive threads such as wait( ),
not ify( ), or not ifyAll( ). For example, the not ifyAll( ) method wakes up all threads that are in the
wait list of an object.
5. What are some advantages and disadvantages of Java Sockets?
Some advantages of Java Sockets:
Sockets are f lexible and suff icient. Eff icient socket based programming can be easilyimplemented for general communications.
Sockets cause low network traf f ic. Unlike HTML forms and CGI scripts that generate and
transfer whole web pages for each new request, Java applets can send only necessary
updated information.
Some disadvantages of Java Sockets:
Security restrictions are sometimes overbearing because a Java applet running in a Web
browser is only able to establish connect ions to the machine where it came from, and to
nowhere else on the network
Despite all of the useful and helpful Java features, Socket based communicat ions allows only
to send packets of raw data between applicat ions. Both the client-side and server-side have to
provide mechanisms to make the data useful in any way.
Since the data formats and protocols remain applicat ion specif ic, the re-use of socket based
implementations is limited.
1. What is the diff erence between an Interface and an Abstract class?
An Abstract class declares have at least one instance method that is declared abstract which
will be implemented by the subclasses. An abstract class can have instance methods that
implement a def ault behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance methods,
but cannot implement default behavior.
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2. What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?
The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects that are no longer needed
by a program so t hat their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A Java object is subject to
garbage collect ion when it becomes unreachable to the program in which it is used.
3. Describe synchronizat ion in respect to mult ithreading.?
With respect t o multithreading, synchronizat ion is the capability to cont rol the access of
mult iple threads to shared resources. Without synchonizat ion, it is possible for one thread to
modify a shared variable while another thread is in the process of using or updating same
shared variable. This usually leads to signif icant errors.
4. Explain different way of using thread?
The thread could be implemented by using runnable interface or by inherit ing from the Thread
class. The former is more advantageous, cause when you are going for multiple
inheritance..the only interface can help.
5. What are pass by reference and passby value?
Pass By Reference means the passing the address itself rather than passing the value. Passby
Value means passing a copy of the value to be passed.
6. What is HashMap and Map?
Map is Interface and Hashmap is class that implements that.
7. Dif ference between HashMap and HashTable?
The HashMap class is roughly equivalent to Hashtable, except that it is unsynchronized and
permits nulls. (HashMap allows null values as key and value whereas Hashtable doesnt allow).
HashMap does not guarantee that the order of the map will remain constant over t ime.
HashMap is non synchronized and Hashtable is synchronized.
8. Dif ference between Vector and ArrayList?
Vector is synchronized whereas arraylist is not .
9. Dif ference between Swing and Awt?
AWT are heavy-weight componenets. Swings are light-weight component s. Hence swing works
faster than AWT.
10. What is the difference between a constructor and a method?
A const ructor is a member funct ion of a class that is used to create objects of that class. It has
the same name as the class itself , has no return type, and is invoked using the new operator. A
method is an ordinary member function of a class. It has its own name, a return type (which may
be void), and is invoked using the dot operator.
11. What is an Iterators?
Some of the collection classes provide traversal of their contents via a java.util.Iterator
interface. This interface allows you to walk a collection of objects, operating on each object in
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turn. Remember when using Iterators that t hey cont ain a snapshot of the collection at t he time
the Iterator was obtained; generally it is not advisable to modify the collection itself while
traversing an Iterator.
12. State the significance of public, private, protected, default modifiers bot h singly and in
combinat ion and state the eff ect o f package relat ionships on declared items qualif ied by these
modifiers.?
public : Public class is visible in other packages, field is visible everywhere (class must be public
too) private : Private variables or methods may be used only by an instance of the same class
that declares the variable or method, A private feature may only be accessed by the class that
owns the feature. protected : Is available to all classes in the same package and also available
to all subclasses of the class that owns the protected feat ure.This access is provided even to
subclasses that reside in a dif ferent package from the class that owns the prot ected feature.
default :What you get by default ie, without any access modifier (ie, public private or
protected).It means that it is visible to all within a part icular package.
13. What is an abstract class?
Abst ract class must be extended/subclassed (to be useful). It serves as a template. A class that
is abstract may not be instantiated (ie, you may not call its const ructor), abstract class may
contain static data. Any class with an abstract method is automatically abstract itself, and must
be declared as such. A class may be declared abstract even if it has no abstract methods. This
prevents it from being instantiated.
14. What is stat ic in java?Stat ic means one per class, not one for each object no matter how many instance of a class
might exist. This means that you can use them without creat ing an instance of a class.Stat ic
methods are implicitly final, because overriding is done based on t he type of the object, and
stat ic methods are attached to a class, not an object. A stat ic method in a superclass can be
shadowed by anot her stat ic method in a subclass, as long as the original method was not
declared final. However, you cant override a stat ic method with a nonstatic method. In ot her
words, you cant change a static method into an instance method in a subclass.
1. What is f inal?
A f inal class cant be extended ie., final class may not be subclassed. A f inal method cant be
overridden when its class is inherited. You cant change value of a final variable (is a constant).
2. Are the imports checked for validity at compile t ime? e.g. will the code containing an
import such as java.lang.ABCD compile?
Yes the imports are checked fo r the semantic validity at compile t ime. The code containing
above line of import will not compile. It will throw an error saying,can not resolve symbol symbol
: class ABCD location: package io import java.io.ABCD;
3. Does importing a package imports the subpackages as well?
e.g. Does importing com.MyTest.* also import com.MyTest.UnitTests.*?
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No you will have to import the subpackages explicitly. Import ing com.MyTest .* will import
classes in the package MyTest only. It will not import any class in any of its subpackage.
4. What is the difference between declaring a variable and def ining a variable?
In declaration we just mention t he type of the variable and its name. We do not initialize it. But
def ining means declaration + initializat ion. e.g String s; is just a declaration while String s = new
String (abcd); Or String s = abcd; are both definitions.
5. What is the default value of an object reference declared as an instance variable?
null unless we def ine it explicitly.
6. Can a level class be private or prot ected?
No. A level class can not be private or protected. It can have either public or no modifier. If it
does not have a modifier it is supposed t o have a default access.If a level class is declared as
private the compiler will complain that the modifier private is not allowed here. This means that
a level class can not be private. Same is the case with protected.
7. What type of parameter passing does Java support?
In Java the arguments are always passed by value .
8. Primitive data types are passed by reference or pass by value?
Primitive data t ypes are passed by value.
9. Objects are passed by value or by reference?
Java only supports pass by value. With objects, the object reference itself is passed by valueand so both the original reference and parameter copy both refer to the same object .
10. What is serializat ion?
Serializat ion is a mechanism by which you can save the state of an object by convert ing it to a
byte stream.
11. How do I serialize an object to a f ile?
The class whose instances are to be serialized should implement an interface Serializable. Then
you pass the instance to the ObjectOutputStream which is connected to a f ileoutputst ream.This will save the object to a f ile.
12. Which methods of Serializable interface should I implement?
The serializable interface is an empty interface, it does not contain any methods. So we do not
implement any methods.
13. How can I customize the seralization process?
i.e. how can one have a cont rol over the serializat ion process?
Yes it is possible to have control over serialization process. The class should implement
Externalizable interface. This interface contains two methods namely readExternal and
writeExternal. You should implement these methods and write the logic for customizing the
serialization process.
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14. What is an abstract class?
Abst ract class must be extended/subclassed (to be useful). It serves as a template. A class that
is abstract may not be instantiated (ie, you may not call its const ructor), abstract class may
contain static data. Any class with an abstract method is automatically abstract itself, and must
be declared as such. A class may be declared abstract even if it has no abstract methods. This
prevents it from being instantiated.
1. What is the common usage of serializat ion?
Whenever an object is to be sent over the network, objects need to be serialized. Moreover if
the state of an object is to be saved, objects need to be serilazed.
2. What is Externalizable interface?
Externalizable is an interface which contains two methods readExternal and writeExternal.
These methods give you a control over the serializat ion mechanism. Thus if your class
implements t his interface, you can customize the serializat ion process by implementing thesemethods.
3. What happens to the object references included in the object?
The serializat ion mechanism generates an object graph for serializat ion. Thus it determines
whether the included object references are serializable or not. This is a recursive process. Thus
when an object is serialized, all the included objects are also serialized alongwith the original
obect.
4. What one should take care of while serializing the object?
One should make sure that all the included objects are also serializable. If any of the objects is
not serializable then it t hrows a NotSerializableException.
5. What if the main method is declared as private?
The program compiles properly but at runtime it will give Main method not public. message.
6. What if the static modifier is removed from the signature of the main method?
Program compiles. But at runtime throws an error NoSuchMethodError.
7. What if I write static public void instead of public static void?
Program compiles and runs properly.
8. What if I do not provide the String array as the argument to the method?
Program compiles but throws a runtime error NoSuchMethodError.
9. What is the f irst argument of the String array in main method?
The String array is empty. It does not have any element . This is unlike C/C++ where the f irst
element by default is the program name.
10. If I do not provide any arguments on the command line, then the String array of Main
method will be empty of null?
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It is empty. But not null.
11. How can one prove that the array is not null but empty?
Print args.length. It will print 0. That means it is empty. But if it would have been null then it
would have thrown a NullPointerException on attempting to print args.length.
12. What environment variables do I need to set on my machine in order to be able to run
Java programs?
CLASSPATH and PATH are the two variables.
13. Can an applicat ion have mult iple classes having main method?
Yes it is possible. While start ing the application we mention the class name to be run. The JVM
will look for the Main method only in the class whose name you have mentioned. Hence there is
not conf lict amongst the mult iple classes having main method.
14. Can I have multiple main methods in the same class?
No the program fails to compile. The compiler says that the main method is already defined in
the class.
15. Do I need to import java.lang package any t ime? Why ?
No. It is by default loaded internally by the JVM.
16. Can I import same package/class twice?
Will the JVM load t he package twice at runtime?
One can import the same package or same class mult iple t imes. Neither compiler nor JVMcomplains abt it . And the JVM will internally load the class only once no matt er how many times
you import the same class.
17. What are Checked and UnChecked Exception?
A checked exception is some subclass of Exception (or Exception itself), excluding class
RuntimeException and its subclasses. Making an exception checked forces client programmers
to deal with the possibility that the exception will be thrown. eg, IOException thrown by
ava.io.FileInputStreams read() method
checked exceptions are RuntimeException and any of its subclasses. Class Error and its
subclasses also are unchecked. With an unchecked exception, however, the compiler doesnt
force client programmers either to catch the exception or declare it in a throws clause. In fact,
client programmers may not even know that the except ion could be thrown. eg,
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException thrown by Strings charAt() method Checked exceptions
must be caught at compile t ime. Runt ime except ions do not need to be. Errors of ten cannot be.
18. What is Overriding?When a class defines a method using the same name, return type, and arguments as a method
in its superclass, the method in the class overrides the method in the superclass. When the
method is invoked for an object o f the class, it is the new definit ion of the method that is
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called, and not the method definit ion f rom superclass. Methods may be overridden to be more
public, not more private.
19. What are dif ferent types of inner classes?
They are Nested -level classes, Member classes, Local classes, Anonymous classes
Nested -level classes- If you declare a class within a class and specify the static modifier, the
compiler t reats the class just like any ot her -level class. Any class outside the declaring class
accesses the nested class with the declaring class name act ing similarly to a package. eg,
outer.inner. -level inner classes implicit ly have access only to stat ic variables.There can also be
inner interfaces. All of these are of the nested -level variety.
Member classes Member inner classes are just like other member methods and member
variables and access to the member class is restricted, just like methods and variables. This
means a public member class acts similarly to a nested -level class. The primary difference
between member classes and nested -level classes is that member classes have access to thespecif ic instance of the enclosing class.
Local classes Local classes are like local variables, specific to a block o f code. Their visibility is
only within the block of their declaration. In order for the class to be useful beyond the
declaration block, it would need to implement a more publicly available interface.Because local
classes are not members, the modifiers public, protected, private, and stat ic are not usable.
Anonymous classes Anonymous inner classes extend local inner classes one level further. As
anonymous classes have no name, you cannot provide a const ructor.
1. Are the imports checked for validity at compile t ime? e.g. will the code containing an
import such as java.lang.ABCD compile? Yes the imports are checked for the semantic validity
at compile t ime. The code containing above line of import will not compile. It will throw an error
saying,can not resolve symbol symbol : class ABCD locat ion: package io import java.io.ABCD;
2. Does importing a package imports the subpackages as well? e.g. Does importing
com.MyTest.* also import com.MyTest.UnitTests.*? No you will have to import the
subpackages explicitly. Import ing com.MyTest .* will import classes in the package MyTest only.
It will not import any class in any of its subpackage.
3. What is the difference between declaring a variable and def ining a variable? In declaration
we just mention t he type of the variable and its name. We do not init ialize it . But defining
means declaration + initializat ion. e.g String s; is just a declaration while String s = new String
(abcd); Or String s = abcd; are both definitions.
4. What is the default value of an object reference declared as an instance variable? nullunless we define it explicitly.
5. Can a level class be private or prot ected? No. A level class can not be private or
protected. It can have either public or no modifier. If it does not have a modifier it is supposed
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to have a default access. If a level class is declared as private the compiler will complain that the
modif ier private is not allowed here. This means that a level class can not be private. Same is
the case with prot ected.
6. What type of parameter passing does Java support? In Java the arguments are always
passed by value .
7. Primitive data types are passed by reference or pass by value? Primitive data types are
passed by value.
8. Objects are passed by value or by reference? Java only supports pass by value. With
objects, the object reference itself is passed by value and so both the original reference and
parameter copy both refer to the same object .
9. What is serializat ion? Serializat ion is a mechanism by which you can save the state of an
object by converting it to a byte stream.
10. How do I serialize an object to a f ile? The class whose instances are to be serialized
should implement an interface Serializable. Then you pass the instance to the
ObjectOutputStream which is connected to a fileoutputstream. This will save the object to a
file.
11. Which methods of Serializable interface should I implement? The serializable interface is
an empty interface, it does not contain any methods. So we do not implement any methods.
12. How can I customize the seralization process? i.e. how can one have a control over the
serializat ion process? Yes it is possible to have cont rol over serializat ion process. The class
should implement Externalizable interface. This interface contains two methods namely
readExternal and writeExternal. You should implement these methods and write the logic for
customizing the serializat ion process.
13. What is the common usage of serializat ion? Whenever an object is to be sent over the
network, objects need to be serialized. Moreover if the state of an object is to be saved,
objects need to be serilazed.
14. What is Externalizable interface? Externalizable is an interface which cont ains two
methods readExternal and writeExternal. These methods give you a cont rol over the
serializat ion mechanism. Thus if your class implements t his interface, you can customize the
serializat ion process by implementing these methods.
15. What happens to the object references included in the object? The serializat ion
mechanism generates an object graph for serializat ion. Thus it det ermines whether the included
object references are serializable or not. This is a recursive process. Thus when an object is
serialized, all the included objects are also serialized alongwith the original obect.
16. What one should take care of while serializing the object? One should make sure that all
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the included objects are also serializable. If any of the objects is not serializable then it t hrows a
NotSerializableException.
17. What happens to t he stat ic f ields of a class during serializat ion? Are these f ields serialized
as a part o f each serialized object? Yes the static fields do get serialized. If the static field is an
object then it must have implemented Serializable interface. The stat ic fields are serialized as a
part of every object. But the commonness of the stat ic f ields across all the instances is
maintained even after serializat ion.
18. How are Observer and Observable used? Objects that subclass the Observable class
maintain a list of observers. When an Observable object is updated it invokes the update()
method of each of its observers to not ify the observers that it has changed state. The
Observer interface is implemented by objects that observe Observable objects. [Received f rom
Venkateswara Manam]
19. What is synchronizat ion and why is it important? With respect to mult ithreading,synchronizat ion is the capability to control the access of mult iple threads to shared resources.
Without synchronizat ion, it is possible fo r one thread to modify a shared object while anot her
thread is in the process of using or updating that objects value. This of ten leads to signif icant
errors.
20. How does Java handle integer overf lows and underflows? It uses those low order bytes
of the result that can fit into the size of the type allowed by the operat ion.
21. Does garbage collection guarantee that a program will not run out of memory? Garbage
collection does not guarantee that a program will not run out of memory. It is possible fo r
programs to use up memory resources faster than they are garbage collected. It is also possible
for programs to create objects that are not subject t o garbage collection .
22. What is the difference between preemptive scheduling and t ime slicing? Under preemptive
scheduling, the highest priority task executes until it enters the waiting or dead states or a
higher priority task comes into existence. Under t ime slicing, a task executes f or a predefined
slice of t ime and then reenters the pool of ready tasks. The scheduler then determines whichtask should execute next, based on priority and ot her factors.
23. When a thread is created and started, what is its initial state? A thread is in the ready
state aft er it has been created and started.
24. What is the purpose of f inalizat ion? The purpose of f inalizat ion is to give an unreachable
object t he opportunity to perform any cleanup processing before the object is garbage
collected.
25. What is the Locale class? The Locale class is used to tailor program out put to the
convent ions of a particular geographic, political, or cultural region.
26. What is the difference between a while statement and a do stat ement? A while statement
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checks at the beginning of a loop to see whether the next loop iteration should occur. A do
statement checks at the end of a loop to see whether the next iterat ion of a loop should
occur. The do statement will always execute the body of a loop at least once.
27. What is the difference between static and non-static variables? A stat ic variable is
associated with the class as a whole rather than with specif ic instances of a class. Non-stat ic
variables take on unique values with each object instance.
28. How are this() and super() used with const ructors? this() is used to invoke a constructor
of the same class. super() is used to invoke a superclass const ructor.
1. Explain the life cycle methods of a Servlet.
The javax.servlet.Servlet interface defines the three methods known as life-cycle method.
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException public void service(
ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException public void
destroy() First t he servlet is const ructed, then initialized wih the init () method. Any request f romclient are handled init ially by the service() method before delegating to the doXxx() methods in
the case of HttpServlet . The servlet is removed f rom service, destroyed with the destroy()
methid, then garbaged collected and f inalized.
2. What is the diff erence between the getRequestDispatcher(String path) method of
avax.servlet.ServletRequest interface and javax.servlet.ServletContext interface?
The getRequestDispatcher(String path) method of javax.servlet.ServletRequest interface
accepts parameter the path to the resource to be included or fo rwarded to , which can be
relative to t he request of the calling servlet. If the path begins with a / it is interpreted as
relat ive to t he current context root .
The getRequestDispatcher(String path) method of javax.servlet.ServletContext interface
cannot accepts relat ive paths. All path must sart with a / and are interpreted as relative to
curent context root .
3. Explain the directory structure of a web application.
The directory structure of a web applicat ion consists of two parts. A private directory called
WEB-INF A public resource directory which contains public resource folder. WEB-INF folder
consists of 1. web.xml
2. classes directory
3. lib directory
4. What are the common mechanisms used for session tracking?
Cookies SSL sessions URL- rewriting
5. Explain ServletContext.
ServletContext interface is a window f or a servlet to view its environment. A servlet can use
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this interface to get information such as initialization parameters for the web applicationor
servlet cont ainers version. Every web application has one and only one ServletContext and is
accessible to all active resource of that applicat ion.
6. What is preinit ialization of a servlet?
A cont ainer doesnot init ialize the servlets ass soon as it starts up, it initializes a servlet when it
receives a request for t hat servlet f irst t ime. This is called lazy loading. The servlet specif ication
defines the element, which can be specified in the deployment descriptor to make the servlet
container load and initialize the servlet as soon as it starts up. The process of loading a servlet
before any request comes in is called preloading or preinit ializing a servlet .
7. What is the diff erence between Dif ference between doGet() and doPost ()?
A doGet() method is limited with 2k of data to be sent , and doPost() method doesnt have this
limitation. A request string for doGet() looks like the following: ht tp://www.allapplabs.com/svt1?
p1=v1&p2=v2&&pN=vN
doPost () method call doesnt need a long t ext tail after a servlet name in a request. All
parameters are stored in a request itself, not in a request st ring, and it s impossible to guess
the data t ransmitted to a servlet only looking at a request st ring.
8. What is the diff erence between HttpServlet and GenericServlet?
A GenericServlet has a service() method aimed to handle requests.
HttpServlet extends GenericServlet and adds support for doGet(), doPost(), doHead() methods
(HTTP 1.0) plus doPut(), doOptions(), doDelete(), doTrace() methods (HTTP 1.1). Both these
classes are abstract.
1. What is a output comment?
A comment that is sent to the client in the viewable page source.The JSP engine handles an
output comment as uninterpreted HTML text, returning the comment in the HTML output sent
to t he client. You can see the comment by viewing the page source from your Web browser.
JSP Syntax Example 1 Displays in the page source:
2. What is a Hidden Comment?
A comments that documents the JSP page but is not sent to t he client. The JSP engine
ignores a hidden comment, and does not process any code within hidden comment tags. A
hidden comment is not sent to the client, either in the displayed JSP page or the HTML page
source. The hidden comment is useful when you want t o hide or comment out part of your
JSP page. You can use any characters in the body of the comment except the closing %>
combinat ion. If you need to use %> in your comment, you can escape it by typing %\>. JSPSyntax Examples
3. What is a _Expression?
An _expression tag cont ains a script ing language _expression that is evaluated, converted to a
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String, and inserted where the _expression appears in the JSP file. Because the value of an
_expression is converted to a String, you can use an _expression within text in a JSP f ile. Like
You cannot use a semicolon to end an _expression
4. What is a Declaration?
A declarat ion declares one or more variables or methods for use later in the JSP source file. A
declaration must contain at least one complete declarative stat ement. You can declare any
number of variables or methods within one declaration t ag, as long as they are separated by
semicolons. The declaration must be valid in the scripting language used in the JSP f ile.
5. What is a Scriptlet?
A script let can contain any number of language statements, variable or method declarat ions, or
expressions that are valid in the page scripting language.Within scriptlet tags, you can
1.Declare variables or methods to use later in the file (see also Declaration).
2.Write expressions valid in the page scripting language (see also _Expression).
3.Use any of the JSP implicit objects or any object declared with a tag.
You must write plain text, HTML-encoded text, or other JSP tags outside the script let .
Scriptlets are executed at request t ime, when the JSP engine processes the client request. If
the scriptlet produces output, the output is stored in the out object, from which you can display
it.
6. What are implicit objects? List them?
Certain objects that are available for the use in JSP documents without being declared first .
These objects are parsed by the JSP engine and inserted into the generated servlet. The
implicit objects re listed below request response pageContext session application out conf ig
page exception
7. Dif ference between forward and sendRedirect?
When you invoke a forward request, the request is sent to another resource on the server,
without t he client being informed that a dif ferent resource is going to process the request. This
process occurs completly with in the web container. When a sendRedirtect method is invoked,
it causes the web cont ainer to return to t he browser indicat ing that a new URL should be
requested. Because the browser issues a completly new request any object that are stored as
request at tributes before the redirect occurs will be lost . This extra round t rip a redirect is
slower than forward.
8. What are the diff erent scope valiues for the ?
The diff erent scope values fo r are1. page
2. request
3.session
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4.application
9. Explain the life-cycle mehtods in JSP?
THe generated servlet class fo r a JSP page implements the HttpJspPage interface of the
avax.servlet.jsp package. Hte HttpJspPage interface extends the JspPage interface which
inturn extends the Servlet interface of the javax.servlet package. the generated servlet class
thus implements all the methods of the these three interfaces.
The JspPage interface declares only two mehtods jspInit() and jspDestroy() that must be
implemented by all JSP pages regardless of the client-server protocol.
However the JSP specif icat ion has provided the HttpJspPage interfaec specif ically for the JSp
pages serving HTTP requests.
This interface declares one method _jspService(). The jspInit()- The container calls the jspInit()
to init ialize te servlet instance.It is called before any other method, and is called only once f or a
servlet instance.The _jspservice()- The container calls the _jspservice() for each request, passing it the request
and the response objects.
The jspDestroy()- The container calls this when it decides take the instance out of service. It is
the last method called n the servlet instance.