GIS Da Dang Sinh Hoc

8/3/2019 GIS Da Dang Sinh Hoc

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HI THO NG DNG GIS TON QUC 2011

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NGHIN CU THC HNH QUN L TT HN I VI CYC TH G QU HIM TRONG RNG TNHIN TNH

NG NAI (IN HNH KHU BO TN THIN NHIN VNHCU V KHU RNG PHNG H TN PH, TNH NG NAI)

inh Quang DipKhoa Mi trng & Ti nguyn, TrngH Nng Lm TP.HCM

T: 083.7240088- E-mail: [email protected]

Tm tt:Dn Nghin cu thc hnh qun l tt hn i vi cy c thgqu him trongrng tnhin c thc hin 2 a im l khu BTTN Vnh Cu v khu rng phng h TnPh tnhng Nai. Kt qu dn iu tra c 110 loi cy thn gqu him hoc c gitr bo tn, nh v bng GPSng thi qun l chng bng phn mm Mapinfo. Ngoi ra dn cn bin son ti liu nhn din cy rng gip cho cc cn b ca hai n v lm nghipny ddng trong vic hng dn cc khch tham quan theo cc tuyn du lch sinh thi 2a im ny.

Tkha: Thc hnh qun l tt hn, cy c thgqu him, GPS, Mapinfo.

1. T VN

Cng tc qun l ti nguyn rng cc n v lm nghip trc nay ch yu l iu tranm cc thng tin v rng, nh din tch, loi t loi rng, trng thi, t thnh, tr lngrng v lp bn , s sch thng k, thc hin theo di din bin rng hng nm trn tngn v t chc rng (tiu khu, khonh, l). T nm 2000, thc hin d n kim k rng vtheo di din bin rng v t lm nghip, ngnh lm nghip ng dng cc tin ch ca cngngh thng tin cng cc thit b k thut cao, s ha ton b cc thng tin, s liu, bn kim k rng nm 1999 v din bin rng hng nm, xy dng csd liu phc v cng tcquy hoch, k hoch v qun l, bo v, pht trin rng v iu hnh cc hot ng lmnghip.

Trong thc t, cch thc qun l ti nguyn rng nh ni trn cha p ng yu cu camt s hot ng i hi cung cp thng tin c th ca c th cy rng ang sinh trng trongqun th t nhin. c bit l trong hot ng du lch sinh thi rng, khch tham quan thngmong mun bit r ti thc a cc thng tin ca cy rng m h quan tm, tn mt nhn thych cy ng, hnh dng v mt sc trng ca cy.

Nhm ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong qun l cy c th g qu him, bn a, dn phi hp vi hai n v ch rng: Khu bo tn thin nhin v di tch Vnh Cu(KBTTNDT) v Ban qun l rng phng h Tn Ph (BQLRPH) - thc hin vic nghin cuphng thc qun l tt hn i vi cy c th trong rng t nhin v xy dng cc ti liuhng dn k thut, gip cc n v ch rng nng cao mt bc trong cng tc qun l tinguyn rng. Cn b qun l rng s nm vng mt s kin thc cbn v vic iu tra, nhv, lp bn hin trng v xy dng csd liu cy c th, hnh thnh mt sn phm dulch sinh thi tham quan cy rng trong rng t nhin hoc phc v cng tc qun l i vimt si tng cy c thc quan tm.


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2. MC TIU NGHIN CU

- Cung cp thng tin v ti nguyn rng, c bit l thng tin v cy g qu him.

- Xy dng ti liu k thut hng dn kh thi v thc hnh qun l tt hn i vi cyc th g qu him trong rng t nhin.

- Hnh thnh mt sn phm du lch sinh thi cho 2 n v lm nghip y.

3. NI DUNG NGHIN CU- iu tra, nh v v gn bin tn cho cy g qu him trong mt tiu khu in hnh

hoc theo mt tuyn du lch sinh thi. Xy dng csd liu i vi cy iu tra v qun ld liu bng phn mm.

- Xy dng ti liu hng dn k thut qun l cy c th trong rng t nhin, v tiliu gii thiu cy g qu him, bn a thuc KBTTNDT Vnh Cu v BQLRPH Tn Ph.

4. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

- Thu thp cc ti liu, bn hin trng rng ca n v ch rng v tiu khu iu tra;cc ti liu khoa hc v phn loi thc vt rng.

- Phng php iu tra cy c th trong qun th t nhin: i tng cy c thcchn trong vng 50m hai bn tuyn ng phc v du lch sinh thi, chiu di mi tuynkhong 2 km, l thch hp vi nhu cu tham quan ca khch du lch. Loi cy iu tra gmnhng loi trong danh mc cy qu him c quy nh trong Sch Vit Nam 2007hoc Danh lc IUCN 2009; v pht trin thm mt s loi c hu a phng hoc mangtn a phng, loi c gi tr bo tn. Sau khi nh v v nh danh cy, thc hin ngbng tn cy.

Ni nghip

- Tng hp v phn tch cc thng tin th cp.

- Phn mm MapInfo cng cc phn mm h trkhc nh: MapSource, Garfile x lcc thng tin a l thu thp ti thc a, xy dng cc lp bn chuyn .

- Bin son ti liu k thut.

5. KT QU

Tng hp kt quiu tra ti hai tuyn trn ghi nhn c 110 loi cy trong c 6loi cy qu him c trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 (Bng 1), 18 loi cy c trong danh mcca IUCN 2009 (bng 2), 2 loi cy c hu ca a phng v 5 loi cy mang tn aphng (bng 3) c trnh by sau y:

Bng 1: Danh sch loi cy iu tra nm trong Sch Vit Nam (2007)

TT Tn Vit Nam Tn khoa hc H thc vt a im1 Cm lai b ra Dalbergia bariensis Fabaceae Tn Ph2 Trc Dalbergia cochinchinensis Fabaceae Tn Ph3 G Afzelia xylocarpa Fabaceae Vnh Cu4 G mt Sindora siamensis Fabaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph5 Vn vn Anisoptera costata Dipterocarpaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph6 Du song nng Dipterocarpus dyeri Dipterocarpaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph


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Hnh 1: Bn v tr cy gqu him v bn a khu rng phng h Tn Ph

Hnh 2: Bn v tr cy gqu him v bn a Khu BTTN Vnh Cu


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Bng 2: Danh sch loi cy nm trong Danh lc ca IUCN (2009)

TT Tn Vit Nam Tn khoa hc H thc vt a im1 Cm lai b ra Dalbergia bariensis Fabaceae Tn Ph2 Trc Dalbergia cochinchinensis Fabaceae Tn Ph3 G Afzelia xylocarpa Fabaceae Vnh Cu4 G mt Sindora siamensis Fabaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph5 Vn vn Anisoptera costata Dipterocarpaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph6 Du song nng Dipterocarpus dyeri Dipterocarpaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph7 Du ri Dipterocarpus alatus Dipterocarpaceae Tn Ph8 Du mt Dipterocarpus costatus Dipterocarpaceae Tn Ph9 Du lng Dipterocarpus intricatus Dipterocarpaceae Tn Ph10 Ch chai Shorea guiso Dipterocarpaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph11 Ch ch Shorea thorelii Dipterocarpaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph12 Sn m Shorea roxburghii Dipterocarpaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph13 Sao en Hopea odorata Dipterocarpaceae Tn Ph14 Cy Irvingia malayana Ixonanthaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph15 Mu ch cu Knema globularia Myristicaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph16 Mu ch l ln Knema pierrei Myristicaceae Vnh Cu17 M cua Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae Tn Ph

18 Tung Tetrameles nudiflora Datiscaceae Vnh Cu

Bng 3: Danh sch loi cy c hu hoc mang tn a phng

TT Tn Vit Nam Tn khoa hc H thc vt a im1 Xoi ng Nai Mangifera dongnaiense Anacardiaceae Vnh Cu2 Ngu Bin Ha Aglaia hoaensis Meliaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph3 Cm ng Nai Elaeocarpus dongnaiense Elaeocarpaceae Tn Ph4 Cng ta Calophyllum saigonense Clusiaceae Vnh Cu, Tn Ph5 Thi ng Nai Parkia dongnaiense Fabaceae Vnh Cu

5.1. Xy dng phn mm hng dn thc hnh qun l tt hn i vi cy c th trongrng tnhin

* Xy dng csdliu qun l cy c th

D liu cn thit qun l cy c th trong qun th t nhin bao gm: bn , ti liu,tiu bn ca cy c th. D n tp trung vo hai loi d liu m cn b qun l rng cc nv c iu kin thc hin l bn v ti liu.

Bn tuyn iu tra v cy c th: Bn nh v tuyn iu tra v cy c thcthc hin bng thit bnh v GPS cm tay. Sau chuyn cc d liu t GPS vo my tnhbng chng trnh GarFile, MapSourse v qun l d liu trn phn mm Mapinfo.

* Xy dng dliu thuc tnh

Cu trc d liu thuc tnh cn c vo cc ch tiu cn qun l c ghi trn phiu iutra, c th gm cc trng nh sau: S th t, Khonh, Tiu khu, Trm, M s cy, Kinh ,V, Tn loi cy, Tn khoa hc, H thc vt , Chu vi 1,3m, ng knh 1,3m, Chiu caovt ngn, Chiu cao di cnh, Bn knh tn cy theo 4 hng, Khong cch ca cy ntuyn ng chnh, Khong cch n tuyn ng nhnh, Phn loi cy (qu him, bn a),c im thn cy, c im gc cy, c im r cy, Hng nghing ca cy, Tnh hnhsinh trng ca cy, Tnh hnh su bnh hi ca cy, Khng gian sinh trng, Loi t,


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cao ti v tr ca cy so vi mc nc bin, S hiu nh chp, Nm iu tra, n viu tra,File lin kt, ...

Nhp cc thng tin thu thp trn phiu iu tra vo bng cu trc d liu.

* Bn nn

Bn tuyn du lch sinh thi v bn v tr cy c thc bin tp trn bn nn

ca tiu khu iu tra, c trch xut t b bn hin trng theo di din bin rng ca nv ch rng, thng gm cc lp: Rng; Ranh tiu khu; Khonh; L trng thi; Giao thng;Thy vn; ng bnh ; Li; Tn trng thi; Tn tiu khu, Tn khonh, ...

* Ti liu

Thu thp thng tin khoa hc ca cc loi cy iu tra, bin tp thnh hai loi ti liu:Ti liu lin kt v Ti liu tham kho.

Ti liu lin kt c bin tp thnh file vn bn (.doc), mi loi cy mt file, v lutrong mt th mc. Dng cng c Hotlink ca MapInfo khai thc d liu lin kt.

Ti liu tham kho c bin son thnh sch hng dn v nhn dng cy rng.

5.2. Khai thc dliu* Kt xut bn hin trng cy c th

Dng chng trnh MapInfo bin tp bn hin trng cy qu him, bn a trn bn nn ca tiu khu. Cc bc kt xut bn nh sau:

* Truy vn thng tin tdliu thuc tnh

Dng cng c Query ca MapInfo truy vn thng tin t csd liu xy dng.

* Lin kt thng tin mrng

S dng cng c HotLink ca chng trnh MapInfo lin kt i tng cy c thn cc ti liu lin quan c lu theo nh dng khc, nh vn bn, bng tnh, hnh nh, mthanh, phim,...

Mrng dliu

* B sung thng tin thuc tnh

Cn c yu cu qun l, n v s dng hoc cn b c thiu chnh, b sung cc chitit thuc tnh. Cng vic ny c thc hin trong MapInfo bng cch sa cha trc tiptrong cu trc d liu.

* B sung thng tin lin kt

Trong ti liu ny, thng tin lin kt m t cy rng c bin tp theo kiu vn bn(.doc). mrng thm thng tin lin kt c nh dng khc, thc hin nh sau:

Vo menu Table > Maintenance > Table Structure...

Trong hp thoi Modify Structure, thm trng mi cha ng dn n file thngtin lin kt. Mi loi thng tin lin kt cn mt trng ring.


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* B sung i tng cy c th

Ti liu ny cung cp kt quiu tra cy c th, gm 500 cy g qu him, bn a tiu khu 92 Khu BTTN& DT Vnh Cu v 500 cy tiu khu 86 Ban QLRPH Tn Ph.Trong qu trnh hot ng, cn b qun l c thiu tra b sung i tng cy c th vdng cng c ca MapInfo kt ni vi d liu iu tra.

5.3. Hiu qu ca p dng k thut xut

So vi bn giy thng dng cc phng php th cng trong qun l ti nguynrng trc y, k thut thc hnh qun l tt hn i vi cy c th trong rng t nhin smang li hiu qu nh sau:

- Gim khi lng cng vic trong qun l ti nguyn rng bng cng ngh thng tin vthit b tin tin.

- Gp phn cng cc cquan chc nng nghin cu hon thin quy trnh k thut qunl cy c th trong rng t nhin p dng cho cc n v c rng t nhin.

- Cp nht khi lng thng tin vi tng cy rng mt cch y nht v hintrng, v tr, sinh trng,

- Gp phn gia tng hiu qu trong cng tc qun l rng ca cn b k thut cc nv ch rng.

6. KT LUN V NGH

6.1. Kt lun:

Hot ng nghin cu xy dng hng dn "Thc hnh qun l tt hn (BMP) i vicy c th trong rng t nhin" p dng kt hp thc a v ni nghip, iu tra v cpnht thng tin c s h trca cng ngh thng tin v thit bnh v ton cu (GPS).

Hot ng ch th nghim trn 2 tuyn iu tra ngn, nhng thu c kt qu khquan v chng minh c tnh kh thi ca quy trnh. Kt qu chi tit nh sau:

- B d liu khng gian v bn cho 500 cy g qu him, bn a ti tiu khu 92 KhuBTTN& DT Vnh Cu v 500 cy ti tiu khu 86 Ban QLRPH Tn Ph.

- B d liu thuc tnh ca 1.000 cy g nu trn vi 43 trng d liu tch hp vi dliu khng gian.

- Cch cp nht v khai thc thng tin phc v cho cng tc qun l bng cch truy vnd liu thuc tnh ca i tng qun l.

- Lin kt trc tip d liu MapInfo n d liu trn file Word ca cy quan tm mrng kh nng din gii ti liu khoa hc c lin quan.

- i vi nhng d liu xy dng c, cn b qun l c th c p nht, b sung

thng tin hoc pht trin thm ni dung qun l bng cch iu chnh, b sung cu trc dliu thuc tnh, mrng lin kt vi cc ti liu nh dng khc,...

6.2. ngh:

- Phng php p dng xy dng trn quy m iu tra nh, nhng khi p dng trnquy m ln, cn b k thut cn phi tm hiu xy dng c sp xp thm thng tin thuc tnh


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ca thc vt truy xut thng tin tt hn. Cc n v ch rng phi lin kt vi cc nh khoahc ca cc trng i hc bit v to thm nhiu thng tin d liu thuc tnh.

- Cp nhp thng tin thay i t thc a mt cch thng xuyn nh s thay i vdin tch, hin trng s dng, tnh hnh sinh trng ca cy rng,

- Cquan qun l cn chuyn giao cng ngh GIS n cc trm kim lm, phn trng,tiu khu. To iu kin tt nht cc trm c tip xc vi cng ngh thng tin v thit btin tin mt cch y v hiu qu nht.

- o to, tp hun v phng php ny n tng trm kim lm x hng dn cchs dng thnh tho, v pht trin hn na ng dng ca cng ngh thng tin trong qun l tinguyn rng rt a dng ny.

Ti liu tham kho

1. Bo co Lm nghip, 2009. Kt qu theo di din bin rng tnh ng Nai n 31/12/2008.

2. Bi Hu Mnh, 2006. Hng dn s dng MapInfo Professional version 7.0. NXB Khoa hc v Kthut, Tp. H Ch Minh.

IUCN Red List 2009.

3. Lu Hng Trng, L Ngc Sm, Nguyn Vinh Hin, 2002. Thc vt hu ch chn lc t ni TKu, Khu bo tn thin nhin T Ku. NXB Tng Hp Tp. H Ch Minh.

4. Nguyn c Bnh, 2006. Hng dn s dng Mapinfo Professional 7.5 (Phn mm H thngThng tin a l GIS). Ti liu tham kho, b mn Thng tin a l, i hc Nng Lm, Tp.HCh Minh.

5. Phm Hong H (1991-1993). Cy c Vit Nam (6 tp). NXB Mekong printing - Montreal, Canada.

6. Phn mm h trnhn din cy g rng Tn Ph v.1.2. Trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin, Tp. HCh Minh.

7. Sch Vit Nam (2007).

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