GINA GNSS for INnovative road Applications : THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR GNSS for

GINAGNSS for INnovative road Applications : THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR

GNSS for INnovative road Applications

22/09/2009

16th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 2009

16th ITS World Congress, Stockholm 200922/09/2009 Page 2

1. Introduction

2. The GINA project approach and innovation

3. The use of integrity in road pricing

4. The project trials

5. The impact of road pricing in pollution and congestion management

6. Conclusions

CONTENTS

GINA: THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR


INTRODUCTION

Big challenges in the road sector: safety / infrastructure financing / congestion & pollution

Still obstacles for large scale take off of GNSS-based services

– technical and economical feasibility– GPS performances

Electronic Fee Collection systems (urban and highways): a reality. GNSS presents advantages wrt DSRC for wide networks

GINA will address the adoption of EGNOS/GALILEO in the road sector considering the technical feasibility of the concept on a large scale, its economic viability and positive impacts on congestion and pollution



THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION(I)

– GINA:

Collaborative Project, 24 months 2.2 M€ (~1.3 M€ funded) 12 partners / 7 countries, whole

value chain

–GINA: project co-funded by GSA/EC, FP7 GALILEO Call 1, coordinated by GMV

–Collaborative Project, Activity: Exploiting the full potential, Area: Mass Market Applications, Topic: GALILEO-2007-1.1-01 Innovative GNSS-based Road Applications



THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION(II) GINA main objectives:

Analysis of context of a nation-wide GNSS-based RUC (and VAS) with especial emphasis on market and business potential

Trials: Dutch ABvM as a referenceA solid dissemination strategy

Progress in the adoption of GNSS in the road sectorOBUs positions with integrity (validated in CLoCCS, ABvM)“Real” applications: ABvM & end-users (ARVAL) requirements

Close to commercialization. Adoption and replication

1 OBU –multiple services



THE USE OF GNSS FOR ROAD USER CHARGING

GNSS: flexibility and cost-efficiency in large-scale RUC schemes

2 major challenges:

Satellite positioning originally developed for user assisted by technology – In contrast, a charging scheme less likely to be treated friendly by users

Inherent weaknesses in satellite positioning: in some applications (e.g. navigation) mitigated with human information processing. In automated systems (e.g. tolling) legal implications

=>challenge: navigation grade components for financial grade systems



CHARGING SCHEMES AND “GEO-OBJECTS”Different Charging Schemes (distance based, time-based, zone based….)

GP0

GP1GP2

GP3

GP4

GP5

Basic first step: identify whether the vehicle is using the infrastructure -> “geo object” :

Cordon; Virtual Gantry; Segment

Geo-object id. to define total fixed charge (London) or special tariffs(e.g. kilometer price, NL)

GNSS (alone or combined with other sensors) is also used in distance based systems

The Geo-object identification is critical: Incorrect identification can have and impact in the charge computation



MISSION REQUIREMENTS

Basic use of GNSS to identify whether (and when) the vehicle is within the geo-object. Potential use to measure travelled distance

In this approach two main mission requirements appear:

A high percentage of vehicles within the geo-object have to be identified: charging AVAILABILITY

Example of

not fulfilment

Erro

r

Real Position

GNSS Position

Real Position

Example of

not fulfilment

Error

GNSS Position

An extremely low percentage of the vehicles not within the geo-object identified within the object: OVERCHARGING probability



THE REQUIREMENTS (EFC)

EC EFC documentation reviewed by Expert Group 9 (11/2006):

Charging Availability: “ … geo-objects are guaranteed to be successfully recognised with a success rate of at least 99.99%.”

Overcharging Probability: “False recognition of a geo-object should be less than 1 in 106”

Second one is much more demanding: figure itself and affects a potentially larger population

System has to be specially designed to satisfy it.



GPS BASED POSITION ERRORS

GPS has very good average performances but:

Ionosphere

Satellite failures:– 15 satellite failures per year – about 100’s of metres (!)

NLOS Multipath: in urban and semi-urban environments multipath provokes large errors (> 100 m with probability >0.1%)

Interferences (deliberate or non-deliberate) / Spoofing)



SOLUTIONS TO AVOID OVERCHARGING

Error

Specific algorithms needed in the Rxr

Low Cost OBU

Two solutions:

ProtectionLevel

Error

2) Position integrity

Errors bounded by computed Protection Level.

Simple. Truly GNSS-only system.

Real position

GNSS solution

1) Additional sensors and/or roadside infrastructure: complex, expensive



APPLICATION OF GNSS TO ROAD CHARGINGVehicle is charged only when inside the geo-object: 1 or more PLs totally inside the geo-object=> geo-fencing based on PLs (not on calculated position)

I-10 OBU (GMV allroad) in GINA will calculate positions with integrity (PLs computation) based on specific algorithms. Additionally all requested functionalities (e.g. Communications, geo-fencing in “fat” and “smart” architectures, etc.)



THE TRIALS (I)

– Large scale demonstrator at national scale (in Netherlands) for RUC and VAS (PAYD and traffic information)

– 2 levels:

Exhaustive performance analysis: EGNOS/Galileo performance (as compared with very accurate references) in terms of GNSS performance, distance measurement, GEO objects identification, charging performance, vs. Other systems (GPS or others)

End-to-end performance analysis: overall assessment of system capabilities and exhaustive analysis for variables where a reference is not needed.



THE TRIALS (II)



IMPACT ON POLLUTION AND CONGESTION MANAGEMENT

While debate on “Eurovignette” Directive which lays down common rules on pricing of transport infrastructure, motivated by the “greening” of surface transport and the need to internalise external costs:

Pollution / Noise / Traffic congestion

CO2 emissions: car model + driving behaviour

Data collected during GINA trials processed to relate RUC and VAS with pollution and congestion

GNSS + CANbus information + drivers’ feedback => how “green” driving of trials participants has been



CONCLUSIONS

Great challenges in road sector

Satellite navigation: advantages for RUC but GPS weaknesses.

Position integrity: Correct charging, against overcharging

GINA: totally operational large-scale demonstrator of a RUC (+VAS) scheme in the Netherlands (future ABvM).

Dutch ABvM: => results to show GNSS potential to key stakeholders

European standards, regulation and interoperability guidelines

GNSS + CANbus + drivers’ feedback => how “green” driving

1 OBU – multiple services

Special emphasis on market potential and business model analysis


Thank you!

Sara Gutiérrez Lanza GMV - [email protected]

Documents

GINA GNSS for INnovative road Applications : THE ADOPTION OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR THE ROAD SECTOR GNSS for