GIAO LY HON NHAN TRONG ISLAM.pdf

8/10/2019 GIAO LY HON NHAN TRONG ISLAM.pdf

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Chanlyislam 1

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Mi li ca ngi v tn dng xin knh dng ln Allah, by ti xin tn Ngi, by tixin Ngi ph hv tha thcho by ti. By ti xin Allah cu ri by ti thot khi nhngiu xu tbn thn by ti v hnh vi ca by ti, ngi no c Allah hng dn chcchn skhng blm lc v ngi no bNgi cho lm lc th chc chn skhng tm cshng dn. V ti chng nhn khng c Thng ch thc no khc ngoi Allah, chc Ngi l Thng duy nht khng c i tc cng Ngi, v ti chng nhn Muhammadl ngi bti v l vThin sca Allah. Cu xin Allah ban nhiu bng an v phc lnhcho Ngi, gia quyn ca Ngi v cc bn o ca Ngi cng tt cnhng ai i theo conng tt p ca hcho n Ngy Phn xt cui cng.


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Chanlyislam 2

Alhamdulillah, xin khen ngi v t n Allah ng To Ha, to ra n ng v nb c nhn loi trn th gian nym thay th Ngi cai qun v sdng thin nhin doNgi to ra, vi mc ch l tip tc cuc sng tun hon, ko di t th h ny n thhkhc, v cho n ngy tn th.

Vo thi Al-Jahiliyah (tin Islam, haycn gi l vo thii sng v thc, v giodc, bt cng, bo ng, tnc... i sng ngi dn trc khi tn gio Islam c thin sMuhammad nhn lnh v truyn b Mecca).Ngidn bn oArab thi xa pdng nhiuphngcch chn v gchng, trong c mt phng cchm chng taang thy xut hin tr linhiuni trn th gii...

Cch th nht l ngi ph n ch ng t tm cho mnh mt ngi chng. H s tnguyn sng chung vi nhau trong mt khong thi gian nht nh, sau nu hcm thy thch hp th h s tip tc sngchung vi nhau nh v chng, nu khng

th s chia tay. Cch ny thi i ngy nay lp li m bo ch gi l "Sng th"mtthi gian v hn nh, trai gi sng chung vi nhau nh v chng chnh thc, dcho c sinh con ci cng chng sao, n mt thi gian no hai bn cm thyng th s t chc lm m ci c t hn th, cn nu hai bn cm thy khnghp hay mt trong hai ngi li ra c tnh xu th gii quyt chia tay, ng ainy i m khng cn mt cht tnh cm no vng bn...

Cch th hai l ngi ph n sng cng lc vi nhiu ngi n ng, nu ngi phnc con vi ngi n ng noth ngi ns nhnngi cha ca a b lm chng.

Cch thc th ba l nhng ngi Arab thnh phnc hc thc hoc nhng ngisng trong mt gia tc trng gi th trc khilm m ciphic ngi lm maimi v phi chun btin ci (Mahar). Rosul lm m ci vi b Khodijah theo phng cch ny v c lu gi n ngy hm nay.

Mt nh nghin cu lch s ghi li rng sau khi B Khodijah giao hng ho choRosul i bun, B thy tnh tnh ca Rosul rt hin lnh, cht phc vlng thin thB thm yu trm nh Rosul . Mc d B l goph hai i chng v trong thi gian

b ga th c rt nhiu ngin nggiu c n hi ci B, nhng b u t chi

Ngc lii vi Rosul , B em lng thng mn vcm kch Rosul l mt ngithanh nin m ci v ngho kh... nhngbn tnh ca Ngi hin lng, tht th v giulng o c.

Mt hm b Khoijah nh mt ngi bn ihi ca Rosul l b thngRosul v mun hai ngi kt ngha v chng th Rosul ng . Sau khi hai bn ngthun th Rosul nh Bc ca Ngi l ng Abu Talib n ni chuyn vi ng Amru IbnuAsad (Bc ca b Khoijah) xin hi ci B Khoijah cho Rosul . Hai bn thathun v nh ngy lm m ci, n ngy m cing Amru Ibnu Asad i din ng ra


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Chanlyislam 3

g chu gi (Khoijah) cho Rosul vi tin ci (mahar) l mi b rng rc*(c s ghil su b). V ngi i din c bi din vn (Khubah ca m ci) l ng Abu Talib.

ngha bi din vn nh sau:Sau khi tuyn dng khen ngi v t n Allah, ngAbu Talib gii thiu vi livt cch, a v gia quyn ca Rosulv gi tr nghacacuc hn nhn (Nikah) ny, sau ngtuyn b lm l kt hn c s hin dinng ca

hai h v nhng nhn chng vi tin ci (Mahar) l mi b rng rc* m Rosul tngcho b Khodijah...*C sch s ghi li lhai mi con lc ci, v cng c sch s khc ghi l mi haiAqiyah ri vng(mt Aaiyah vng trgica n l bn chc irhman). Trch t cunMuhammad ca tc gi Muhammad Rida, trang , pht hnh nm ti Bairute ,Liban.Stuyn b kt hn:

Bc ca b Khoijah tuyn b: "Ti xin g (Jawadjtu) chu gi ca ti tn lKhoijah cho cu Muhammad vi tin ci l mi b rng rc, vy cuMuhammad c

chp nhnkhng?" V s chp thun ca bn trai hay cu Muhammad tr li l: "Ti chpnhn ci c Khoijah vi tin ci l mi b rng rc".Ch :yl cch thclm Nikah ca Thin s vi b Khodijah v cNgitruynli hu th noi theo p dng cho n ngy Sau, ngha l cch thc lm Nikah ny l Sunnah ca Nabibt buc ngi Muslim phi thi hnh theo cch thc lm Nikah duynht ny m khng nni phng cch theo chiu hngkhc.(Trch t sch quyn sch "Rawdoh Anwar" v Tiu s ca Rosul trang . o C quantruyn b, c vn v Fatah, Saudi Arabia xut bnnm 424H).

ngha ca t Azzawadju (hn nhn). ngha ca t Azzaadju trong ngn ng Arab c ngha l: "Hn nhn hay Kt

hn".Nu gii thch theo t ng "hn nhn"c ngha l s kt hp gia hai bn hoc haiphi, v th hn nhn khng th chp nhn khi ch c mt bn hoc mt phi chp thun.Hn nhn c ngha l s kt hp ca i nam n cng nhau chia s mi vic trong isng. Qua Thin kinh Quran th Allah phn vi ngha:

"V chnh Ngi l ng to ra cp (i) nam v n."Suroh 53: 45.Cho nn ch "i" y c ngha l "nam v n"(chng v v) mi ng vi

ngha hn nhn. V khi thnh v chng th hai ngi s nh mt, s cng nhau chia s minim vui, ni bun trong nhng thng ngy sng chung vi nhau, nh Allah phn:

"V Ta (Allah) phn (cho Adam): Ny Adam! Ngi v v ca Ngi hy trongThin ng..."Suroh 2: 35.


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Chanlyislam 4

"V nu cc ngi mun ly ngi v sau thaycho ngi v trc..."Suroh 4: 20.Nn hiu ch thay y c ngha l: Ngi v trc cht hayly d nhau ri

sau ci ngi v khc thay th ch ca v trc, hoc ngi no c bn v m mt trong bnb vc ngicht (hoc ly dmt trong bn b) th mi c kt hn mt

ngi ph n khc thay th ch th t ch khng c quyn c nm ngi v.

"V hy nh khi Ngi (Nabi) ni vi (Zayd ibnu Harith) ngi m Allah ban n(bng cch dn dt Y theo Islam) v Ngi ban n cho Y (bng cch chuc Y khi

tnh trng n l) nh sau: Hy gi v ca ngi li (khng nn ly d ) v hy knh sAllah..."Suroh 33: 37.Trong vn tm thin kinh Qur'an dng t "Jawjah" yc ngha l v, theo s

gii thch ca nhng hc gi v gio l thc hnh thy cng l t m Allah dng phnbit khi chia gia ti gia t "Jawju"c ngha l chng v"Jawjah" l vrtr rng phnbit gia hai phi.

Theo ngha tn gio:Cuc hn nhn (Nikah) y c ngha l lm hp thc hacho hai ngi (nam v n) c chnh thc sng chungngvi nhau, s hng th sinh lca hai phi t s cm (haram) tr thnh cho php (halal) hai ngi gn gichung sng

vi nhau sut i...1)- Theo gio lut ca Islam nu hai ngi nam v n n nm vi nhau m cha c lm l

Nikah theo th thc ca tn gio n nh th hai ngi cha c gi l Jaat (hn nhncho php). y mun ni vo thi tin Islam, nhng ch nhn thng hay ly n t lmth thip nhng h khng c lm l ci (Nikah), cho nn vn ny Islam khng chpnhn l v chng chnh thc m ghp vo ti gian dm (Zinah) v n tr thnh Cm(haram).2)- Theo t ng Nikah ngha l l lm hp thc ha (t haram tr thnh halal) cho i namn sng chung vinhau, m trong l Nikah phi c nhng iu kin bt buc, nu khng

hi nhng iu kin bt buc th s Nikah khng hp l.C ba trng hp lm lNikah nhng khng c gi tr.1. Al Mut'at:c ngha l m ci c s giao c, hai bn nam v n k hp ng sngchung vi nhau trong thi gian mt tun, mt thng hoc mt nm khi k hn n thhai bn chia tay. Th thc ny c h phi "Shi'ah" p dng cho n ngy hm nay(Islam cho php lc u, sau hy b lut ny nn khng cn p dng c na).

Ngc li, phn nhiu nhng ngi u M ang dngphng thc nam nsng chungvi nhau m khng lm l ci, h sng chung vi nhau cho n khi no h cm thy thch

hp th mi lm m ci, c cp chung sng vi nhaun gn ht tui imi chu lm


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Chanlyislam 5

m ci c chnh thc tha hng gia ti, hoc c khi h sng nh vy cho n suti.2. Al Muhalal(m ci gito): Trng hp ny chng ti xin nhc ligio lut Islamvvn v chng ti hp.Ngha l nu hai v chng chnh thc li d vi nhau risau mtthi gian khng bitl do no m hai ngi mun ti hp tr v tnh ngha v chng nh

trc th bt bucngi n sau khi li d phi lymt ngi chng sau, hai ngi(n vchng sau)phi c giao hp sinh lvi nhau trong mt thi gian khng nht nh(mi gil v chng). Sau , nu ngi n mun tr v vi ngi chng trc th bt buc philm nli d vi ngi chng sau, th tc li d theo gio lut xong rith mi c lm l

Nikah thm mt ln na vi ngi chng trc hp thc ha cho hai ngi.Chnh v iu lut ny mc nhiu ngi sau khi li d vi chng ri sau mun tr

v vi chng c nn h mi 'sng tc mt b phimgi lch lut'. C ngha l himnmt ngi n ng no ng lm chngtm (c lm l Nikah n s) trong vng mtm hoc vi ngy(hai bn vn giao hp sinh l bnh thng) ri saum h xin li d.

Sau khi li d vi ngi chng mn xong th h chnh thctuyn b tr v lm Nikah livi ngi chng chp thc ha (halal).

Subhanallah, i vi Allah m h cn by mu t k qua mt thin h, nhng vn ny cng Umar ibnu Al Khottob kt h vo tilng gt, v ng x l haingi (ph n v chng mn) vo ti Zinah v h dng li phn ca Allah theo ca h.

3. As Shagaro:C ngha l m ci c tnh cch ra iu kin trao i thay th Mahar(tin ci). Th d ng A ra iu kin vi ng B l nu anh mun lm Nikah vi con gi(hoc ch em gi) ti th anh phi g con gi (hoc ch em gi) ca anh cho ti thay thtin ci(Mahar). ni y h to ra nhng iu kin trao i trong vic Nikah m giolut Islam khng cho php.

C Sheikh Mohamad Ibnu Soleh Uthaymeen gii thch: " ngha ca s Nikah lnhng ngi Waly (idin) lm hp thc ha (halal) cho i nam n, h chnh thc

sng chung v lo lng cho nhau v mi mt."Trch t Kitab Az Jaat trang .

Gio Lut lm l Nikah:Gio l Islam khuyn khch chng ta nn lp gia nh nu c iu kin, qua li phn

ca Allah:

"...hy ci nhng ngi n b m cc ngi va "Suroh 4:3. ngha ca dng kinh trn l Allah bo con ngi nu hai bn (nam v n) c tnh cm vinhau th nn to mi iu kin lm hp thc ha cho hai ngi.

ng Ibnu Masud thut li lica Rosul : "Hi cc thanh nin, nhng ai c iukin (trc v sau khi ci v) th hy nhanh chng lp gia nh, v sau khi lp gia nh th


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Chanlyislam 7

sng theo gio l th h c php lm Nikah hp thc ha (Halal) cho hai ngi sngchung vi nhau. V Allah c phn:

"V trong cc Ayat (Du hiu) ca Ngi c iu ny: Ngi to t bn thn ca ccngi nhng ngi v cho cc ngi cc ngi sng an lnh vi h v Ngi tgia cc ngi tnh yu thng v lng bao dung. Qu tht ni s vic l nhngAyat (Du hiu) cho mt s ngi bit ngm ngh."Suroh 30: 21.

Theo s gii thch ca ng Al Koy Ayyas v dng kinh trn: "Nhng ngikhng c kh nng c con hoc khng cn ham mun tnh dc nhng cn c ngi bn i cng chia s vui bun hoc sn sc ln nhau. Nu ngi ph n no bng lng th hc php kt hn vi nhau." Trch t Nailal Aton quyn 6 trang 2.

Cu hic t ra: "Vy lp gia nh tt hn hay khnglp gia nh m dnh thi

gicho vic hnh l Solah Nafil (t nguyn, hay nhn chay t nguyn)?"Cu tr li: nhin s lp gia nhstt hn, nu hai bn v v chng ng vi

nhau vhai s vic sauy:a)- Qua nhng bng chng cth t thin kinh Qur'an v Sunnah ca Nabi ku

gi khuyn khch nn lp gia nh, v nh s lp gia nh sem li nhiu iu tt lnh hn.b)- Hp thc ha hn nhn trong Islam cng l mt vic lm Ibadath (hay mt trong

nhng s hnh o trong Islam), v s hp thc ha l hnh nh tiu biu cho s chphnh mnh lnh ca Allah riNgi s ban thng sau, ch khng phivic lm ch

c tha mn dc vng ca con ngi trong tnh cht php nhn . Bi v trong s hn phi th hin qua hai s vic l: "Tun theo mnh lnh ca Allah (tr thnh Ibadath) v sngcuc sng v chng hp php (v mtsinh l) trong phm vi Islam cho php, v nh cuchn nhn s sinh sn thm loi ngi tip tc qun l cuc sng trn trn gian ny". Chonn, Nikah c xem nh mt trong nhng s hnh o, bi v s hnh o trong Islamkhng hn ch c dng l Solah, Nhn chayRamadan, ng Zakat, thi hnh Hajj... m thi,tt c nhng s hnh ng no tt lnh u l s hnh o ty vo s nh tm ca n .

( kin ny, thot u ng Imam As Sahafi-y (r) cho rng sng c thn lmIbadath (dnh thi gi Solah, nhn chay...) s tt hn, nhng sau ng thay i

kin v chn vic lp gia nh tt hn l sng c thn).Al Muogny quyn , trang 4-344.

4)- Al-Makrouh, khng nn lp gia nh i vi nhng ai cm thy lo s khng lmtrn trch nhim, bn phn ca ngi chng trn phng din tinh thn ln vt cht, nhcm thy khng di do sc khe lm va lng ngi v, hoc bn ny hoc bn kia cmthy thiu thn khng cung phng y cho ngi bn no i hi.

Qua s nghi ng khng lm trn bn phn trch nhim , v lo s mang ti bt cngcho ngi khc, nu vy th nn trnh l tt hn (khng nn lp gia nh).(C rt nhiu t


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Chanlyislam 8

liu tham kho v ti ny, mt trong nhng t liu nh: Al Muhazzab quyn 2 trang3. Al Madmoua quyn trang 6).

Chiu theo thin kinh Quran v s dy bo ca Rosul ku gi nhng ngi tintng nn lp gia nh. Trc tin l hp thc ho (Nikah) cho i nam n trong vn gii quyt sinh lca loi ngi khi vng vo ti zinah (gian dm), k n l bo tn

ni ging (sinh con ci) cho nhn loi nhAllah phn:

"V hy kt hn nhng ngi c thn trong cc ngi v nhng ngi c hnhtrong s nhng ngi nam v n gip vic. Nu h ngho, Allah s lm cho h giu vithin lc ca Ngi bi v Allah Rng ri bao la, Hng Bit (mi vic)."S.24 / A.32

Mt khc Rosul ni:"Hi cc gii tr, nhng ai trong cc ngi c th bo tr

mt ngi v th hy lp gia nh i, bi l vic gi gn cho cc ngi kh ng ng nhnvo cc ph n v bo tn tnh trong trng ca cc ngi ."Hadith do Al Bukhary ghi li.5)- Al-Muharam, cm lp gia nh i vi nhng ai cmthy mnh khng th lm

trn bn phn trch nhim ca mt ngi chng i vi ngi v vngc li, hoc nu lpgia nh s s khng lm trn bn phn ca gio l a ra, hoc khng th thi hnh nhngg gio l cm nhi xbt cng(vi chng hay v)l iu haram (cm) trong Islamthkhng nn lp gia nhtrong thi im .

Th d trng hp ang sng trong t nc ang c chin tranh, hoc trong mtquc gia cn n thanh nin chin u bo v t nc ..., th gio lut cm thanh nin

khng nn lp gia nhvo thi im v s t nc cn m khng c thanh nin,hocnu lp gia nhm c con ci s gy bun phinkh khn nv con...

Mt vn khc chiu theo gio lut Islam, mt trong nhng iu kin ngi namci v l phi tn trng s cng bng, nu ai cm thy mnh khng c kh nng lm trn

bn phn ca mt ngi chngc trch nhim vi ngi v th khng nn lp gia nh. y, gio l mun ni khi mt ngi nam mun ci mt ngi ph n lm v th phi hiu

bit bn phn v trch nhim ca mt ngi lm ch gia nh, khng nn i x bt cngvi phi n, nht l nhng ngi mun ci mt, hai, ba hoc bn v, nu mnh khng lo

chu ton (vt cht ln tinh thn) cho tt c th s vng vo ti khng cng bng (s btcng y d mt hoc nhiu v).

Rosul ni: "Nhng ai c hai v m khng i x ngang hng th n Ngy PhcSinh s ko l mt phn ca thn th bung thng xung"o tng thut ca cc v binson quyn Sunan v ca Ibn Hibban v Al Hakim.

Allah cng cp vn ny trong thin kinh Quran nh sau:


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Chanlyislam 9

"V khng bao gi cc ngi c th i x cng bng vi cc b v mc du cc ngirt mun. Bi th, ch hon ton nghing hn (v mt b v b ri b khc) nh l

pht treo b ta. Bi th, nu cc ngi gii ha v s Allah th (cc ngi s thy) qutht Allah Hng Tha th, Rt Mc khoan dung."S.4 - 129

n y ny sinh cu hi th hai:" Nu ni nh vy thcon ngi c th phm phimt trong hai iu cm (haram), nu thanh nin ci v th s mang ti bt cng, nukhng ci v th s s gy phi ti zinah, vygio l gii thch nh th no v s muthun ny?"

Cu tr li d hiu nht l: "Chng ta da vo s ng vc trong lng tm ca mnh,ci no mnh nht th gii quyt theo ci , chng hn nh s mang tizinah th phi ci

v, v ngc li".Ngoi ra, mi trng sng cng l mt vn cn c ch , nu chng ta sngtrong mt quc gia khng th p dng trit theo ng gio l Islam, hoc mt t ncang c chin tranh th vic lp gia nh nn xem xtli.

Theo Sheikh Abu Zahro (mt trong nhng nh hc gi Ai cp hin i) gii thchnh sau: "Chng ta khng th ly haram ny m thay th cho s haram khc, (zinah khngth thay th s bt cng v ly s bt cng trnh ti zinah). Cho nn, phi gii quyt chai mt. Mt mt, phi c gng km hm s i hi trnh ti zinah v mt khc phi hchi trong vic i x cng bngRosul c dy mt cu: "Nu khng c iu kin

ci v th nn nhn chay..." V nh s nhn chay s km ch i nhng dc vng i hica con ngi v nhn chay l s rn luyn tnh kin nhn, chu ng...

Kt lun:Trn y l nm gio iu ca phi nam cn bit trc khi lp gia nh, v sauy l s tm tt rt ra nhng bng chng t kinh Quran, nhngli dy bo ca Rosul v nhng kin ca nhng v Ulama:

1)- Bng chng t Qur'an:Allah phn nh sau:

"V hy kt hn nhng ngi c thn trong cc ngi v nhng ngi Salihin (tt,c hnh) trong s nhng ngi nam v n gip vic..."Suroh 24: 32.


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Chanlyislam 10

"...hy ci nhng ngi n b (khc) m cc ngi va hoc hai, hoc ba, hocbn"Suroh 4: 3.

"V chc chn Ta c nhng S Gi n trc Ngi v Ta lm cho h c v v

con"Suroh 13: 38.Nhng nh Ulama gii thch ngha nhng dng kinh trn chng minh Allah bo

con ngi hy lp gia nh, khng nn sng c thn hoc c iu kin m khng chu lpgia nh v l con ng ca nhng v tin nhn i trc m chng ta phi noi theo...(Al Jamia Al Ahkam Al Coran quyn trang 2).

2)- Bng chng t sunnah:a)- ng Abdulloh ibnu Masudthut li li ca Rosul : "Hi nhng thanh nin, ai

c kh nng lp gia nh (jawat) th hy mau mau lp gia nh, v nh m che i i mt

t m, gi gn c s trong trng. Nu ai khng iu kin th nn nhn chay, v nh s lm gim i s i hi v to c tnh nhn nhc."Hadith do Al Bukhory v Muslimghi li.

Rosul nhn mnh n thanh nin, bi v khi thanh nin ln ln th c nhng si hi bc pht, chnh v th cn phi lp gia nh trnh i nhng iu khng tt. atheo s gii thch trong Fathul Bary (gii thch Al Bukhory quyn , trang ).

b)- ng Said Ibnu Abi Wakos thut li: "Rosul khuyn ng Osman ibnuMatuon khng nn sng c thn hnh o"Soheh Muslim quyn 9 trang 186, Fathul

Al Bary quyn 0 trang 4. Hadith do Al Bukhory v Muslim ghi li.c)- ng Anas ibnu Malik thut li l Rosul ra lnh cho nhng ai c kh nng

(sc kho) th phi lp gia nh, tuyt i khng nn sng c thn v Ngi ni: "Hy lpgia nh v sinh con chu. Ta (Rosul) hy vng sau ny s c nhiu mn ."Hadith doImam Ahamd, Al Baihaky ghi li v c ng Al Bany cho l ng (soheh).

3)- Tt c nhng v Ulama(Al Idma 'u) t xa n nay u ng thun khi thanh nin ntui trng thnh hay nhng ngi nam cao tui m cha lp gia nh th nn lp gianh, v y l s khuyn khch c tnh cch bt buc trong gio l Islam. (Xem kitab Al

Muogny quyn trang 40).S hnh phc trong vic kt hn.

Thanh nin nam n kt hn vi nhau l mt nim hnh phc cho h v nh s kthn chnh thc, h c th cng nhau xy dng mt x hi lnh mnh pht trin s vnminh ca nhn lai. Chng ta c th tm lc nh sau:

1)-Nu con ngi bit l ngha v tn trng ln nhau th phi nam cng nh phi n phigi gn nhn cch cho i bn, gi gn s tn nghim ca o l, hai bn phi chnh thc


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Chanlyislam 11

sng chung qua s kt hn (Nikah) theo gio lut hp thc ha (halal) cho hai ngi.Nh Allah phn:

"V nhng ai che gi phn kn o (ca c th, trnh chuyn gian dm, ngoi tnh) *

Ngoi tr vi v hoc vi nhng (nt binh) nm di tay phi ca h th khng bkhin trch (v vic )."Suroh 23: 5-6.

2)- S kt hn chnh thc l nhm trnh nhng t oan trong x hi, trnh nhng cn bnhbc pht qua s Zinah (gian dm) v trnh i s ch k ca hai ngi (nam vn) m lm v hnh phc ca ngi bn cnh

Vic lp gia nh cng l hnh thc tng trngnhn loi trn th gian ny qua ssinh con chu c ng ngi thay nhau cai quntri t, v vy m Rosul ni:"...hy lp gia nh v sinh con, Ta hy vng Ta s l v s gic tn ng ngi nht

theo Ta". Hadith do Sunnan Abu aud ghi li s 200 v nhiu sch Hadith khc na .Ngc li, th gii ngy nay th mun hn ch vic sinh con ci, nn h cho php

ng tnh luyn i sng cng khai nh v chng, hocc nhiu ph n khng mun lp gianh v s sinh smt i cng n vic lm hoc h mun vy s ct do... T imny m c nhiu quc gia thiu htnhn cng lm vic nn h phi mn nhn cng tnc ngoi. Hocnhiuquc gia th trai tha gi thiunn thanh nin ln lncng kh tmmt ngi v an b gia th...

3)- S kt hn chnh thc cng l trc tip bo tn ni ging, bo tn nhn loi t th h

ny qua th h khc, cng nhau xy dng mt x hi n np trong khun kh cho php(halal).Qua li phn ca Allah:

"Hi nhn loi! Hy s Rabb (Allah) ca cc ngi, ng to ra cc ngi t mtNgi duy nht (Adam) v t Ngi to ra ngi v (Hawa) ca Ngi v t haingi ny, (Allah) ri ra v s nng v n b (trn khp mt t). V hy s Allahng m cc ngi i hi (quyn hn) ln nhau v hy (knh trng) nhng d con(mang nng au), bi v qu tht Allah Hng Trng Coi cc ngi."Suroh 4: 1.

Allah phn chng khc:


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Chanlyislam 12

"Hi nhn loi! Ta to ha cc ngi t mt ngi nam v ngi n v l m chocc ngi thnh quc gia v b lc cc ngi nhn bit ln nhau (nh anh em). Qutht, di ci Nhn ca Allah, ngi vinh d nht l ngi c At Taqwa (sng knh vs Allah) nht trong cc ngi. Qu tht, Allah Bit Tt c, Rt Am Tng (mivic)".Suroh 49: 13.

4)- S kt hn chnh thc s to thm c nim tin cho hai bn, h s thng yu ln nhau,san s nhng chuyn vui bun trong cuc sng hng ngy v cng nhau xy dng tng laicho con chu.y l hnh thc bo tn nhn loi trong s lin kt, giao hu, gio dc,tng tr ln nhau, mi ngi uphi c bn phn v trch nhim lin hvi nhau ttrong gia nh (bao gm cha, m, con ci, bn cnh cn c ch bc, c d, ng ni, ngngoi...) nh Rosul ni: "Mi ngi u c trch nhim v bn phn i vi nhau hayi vi ngi m mnh c trch nhim phi chm lo".Hadith do Al Bukhory v Muslim ghili.

Qua li phn ca Allah:

"V trong cc Ayat (Du hiu) ca Ngi c iu ny: Ngi to t bn thn ca ccngi tnhng ngi v cho cc ngi cc ngi sng an lnh vi h v Ngi t gia cc ngi tnh yu thng v lng bao dung. Qu tht, ni s vic lnhng Ayat (du hiu) cho mt s ngi bit ngm ngh."Suroh 30: 21.

5)- To s thanh tnh, an nhn, thoi mi, n nh..., bn cnh to s duy tr hp tc, chias, sn sc, khuyn nh, rn dy ln nhau..., t s c mtgia nh hnh phc hay mt tponhng mnh. Qua li phn ca Allah:

"V trong cc Ayat (u hiu) ca Ngi c iu ny: Ngi to t bn thn ca cc

ngi nhng ngi v cho cc ngi cc ngi sng an lnh vi h v Ngi tgia cc ngi tnh yu thng v lng bao dung. Qu tht, ni s vic l nhngAyat (du hiu) cho mt s ngi bit ngm ngh".Suroh 30: 21.

Li gii thch ca hc gi Ibnu Kudamah (r) qua quyn sch"Al Muogny"nh sau:S ch li ca hn nhn bao gm nhng iu tt lnh ivi tn gio v nhng g lin quann cuc sng ca o v i, s hn nhn s to cho ngi n ng v ph n bit gn gi

s tit hnh, hai ngi bit trch nhim v bn phn ca ngi chng ngi v cng nhngi m vngi cha, nh tnh thngsu m tnh nghav chngrimi sinh conchu ging nh Thin s mong mun Hadith trn.


13/21

Chanlyislam 13

Sheikh Mohammad As Sharbity Al Khotib thut li nhng y s gii thch v vicnhu cu cn thit ca s hn phi lp gia nh gm c ba iu: "Bo tn nhn loi, nhu cucn thit phi tit ra tinh trng ngtrong c th con ngi, v to s hng lc sung

sng."Al Muogny Al Muhazab quyn 3 trang 124.

Nhu cu gii quyt sinh l ca con ngi rt l iu hin nhin v cn thit, nu con

ngi khng gii quytvn sinh l th tinh thn con ngi s bt an v sinh ra nhiuchng bnh. Cho nn, Islam a ragii phpcon ngi phi lp gia nh gii quytsinhl ng ch ng ni ca n m khng s bnh hon... V sau khi lp gia nh th ch c cpv chng chung ng vi nhau ch khng c ngi tnh th ba ch i mt cch ln lt.. .

a theo sbo co ca y hi quc t: "Nhng ngi lp gia nh sng trng thhn nhng ngi ga chng, gav hoc ly d hay sng c thn".Bo co v nhn s

bng ting Arab trang 226-227.

Tm li:S lpgia nh to cho con ngi c c sc khe lnh mnh, s thoi

mi tinh thn, an nhn vui v hnh phc chongi n ng cng nh n b. Fiqk Sunnahquyn 2 trang 2.

"Arkan Az zawat " nn tng cn bn ca s hn nhn :

S hn nhn phi da trn nntng cn bn v iu kin sau y:

o Th nht: Ngi n ng v c ph n phi hon ton khng b rng bucbigio l nghim cm.

S rng bucbi gio l nghim cm khng c lm Nikah y c ngha l c s

lin h rng but mt thit gia con trai v con ginh: Khng c ly con gi cangi ch rut (tc chu gi rut) lm v.

Khng c kt hn gia hai ngi b cng v (xc nhb cng v t nm ln trln).

Khng c lm m ci khi ngiph n cn trong tnh trng king c, nh chadt hn k ca thi gian ly d chng hoc thi gian king c khi chng cht, i vinam gii th khng th c thm ngi v th nm.

o Thhai: Phi c li tuyn bcangiWaly (bo h) ca bn gi nh: "Ti g congi hoc em gi(A)cati cho ng..."

Th ba: V phi c li chp nhn ca bn nam nh: "Ti chp nhn ci c (A) vitin Mahar l..."

Tm li iu kin ca s hn phi l hai bn phi hon ton khng b rng buc bigio l cm. Cn Nikah th bt buc phi c li tuyn b v li chp nhn nh t Arabthng ni: "Jauwattuka - Ti g con gi (hay em gi) ti(tn g phi nu ch danh

phn bit c con gi no) cho cu..."Ngi con trai hay chng tng lai phi tr li: "Ti

bng lng cic (A) vi s tin Mahar..."


14/21

Chanlyislam 14

Theo vn t Arab khng th dng t ng khc hn l "Al Jauwat hay Nikah",biv hai t ny c th hin trong thin kinh Qur'an trong vic hn phi m Allah phnnh sau:

"V hy kt hn vi nhng ngi c thn trong cc ngi v nhng ngi S alihin(tt, c hnh trong nhng ngi nam v n gip vic...)Suroh 24 : 32.

Allah phn chng khc:

"Bi th khi Zayd (ibnu Haritha) dt khat vi v TA g nng cho Ngi..."Suroh 33 : 37.

Cho nn s hn nhn nu tht tm s to c hnh phc, ngc li s vnh liRosul ni: "Ba iu c th to c s vinh quang hnh phc v cng ba iu nukhinh b coi thng n th s sp : l s hn nhn, ly dv tr li khi ly d ln thhai". Hadith do ng Abu Hurairoh (R) thut li, do At Tirmizy ghi li.

Chiu theogio lutIslam, khi ly d ln th nht (trong thi gian ch i ly d lnth hai) nu hai bn (v chng)cm thy xa b chuyn gin hn hai v chngtr li chung sng vi nhau thy l iu rt khuyn khch nn c gng ti a thc hin n, trng hp ny ch cn bo cho Hakim ti lng bit m thi m khngcn lm l Nikah tr li, nhng xem nh ly d ln th nht.

Nu thi gian ch i li d ln nht m hai bn cha ni li tnh c th hai bn tiptc chp hnhgio lutch i thi gian li d ln th hai, nu trong thi gian ch iln th hai m hai bn ging hamun tr li vi nhau th lc ny ngi chng phi

ch i ngi v htk kinh nguyt (trong thng )v i bo tin cho Hakim tilngbit ri sau bt buc phi t chc lm l Nikah (nh) li th hai ngi mi trlichung sng vi nhau.y vn tnh s hai ngi ly d ln th hai d l livi nhau.

Nhng nu thi gian ly d ln th hai chm dt m hai bn vn khng khng thgio lut s tnhly d ln th ba, trong thi gian ly d ln th ba m hai bn mun trli th lc ny khng cn tr li vi nhau c na, ngoi tr sau khi ngi v lychng khc risau ly d vi ngi chng mi v ch htk kinh nguyt (trong


15/21

Chanlyislam 15

thng ) th v chng mi c quyn chung sng tr li nhau qua mt l Nikahmi (phn ny din t phn Al-Muharam trang 4)

"Shurut Az-Zauwat" iu kin ca s hn nhn.

iu kin hn nhn gm c bn iu:

Th nht:Phi bit r rng ai l c duv ai l ch r, v chnh hai ngi ny l haingichp nhn s giao c chung sng hp thc ha vi nhau.

Th nh:Phi c s ng ca c du v ch r, v s ng ca hai bnl cn bnchnh ca mi s giao kt, v chnh hai ngi l hai ngi chnh trong s giao kt chkhng ai khc.

ng Abu Hurairoh thut li mt Hadith ca Rosul nh sau: "Khng c lmm ci cho gaphnu cha c php ca c ta, cng nh khng c g c gi ngoi

tr sau khi c s ng thun ca c ta."Nhng v sohabah hi: Tha s ng thun ca c gi nh th no?

Rosul tr li: " l s im lng mt cch h thn".Hadith do Al Bukhory v Muslim ghili.

Th ba:Al-Waly (tc ngi gim h) l v gim h trc tip nui dng bo bc ctrch nhim trc tip vi c du, gn gi trn phng din mu m, ngi c trch nhimdu dt cung phng v lo trn thayth mi quyn hnh ca c du. Thngthng th ngigim h c xp th t l ngicha, ng ni, ng ngoi, anh em trai vbc ch sau ...

Quan trng ca v gim h (Waly) c ng Abu Musa As Ary thut li li caRosul nh sau: "Nikah (m ci) s khng c gi tr nu khng cmt ca ngi Waly".Hadith do At Tirmizy, Abu aud, Ibnu Majah, Ahmad, Al Hakim v Al Baihaky ghi li.

B Aysha (m ca nhng ngi tin tng) thut li li ca Rosul : "Ph n no lmm ci m Walycha cho phpth lci Batil (khng thnh)"(Ngi lp li baln cu ny). Hadith do At Tirmizy, Al Baihaky, Ad arkodny, Al Hakim ghi li.

to s bo m an ton cho ngi ph nth ngiWaly phi lmt ngin

ng trng thnh, rt gn gi vi c du, ngi hiu bit v gio lut lm l Nikah, ctrch nhim v cng bng.Cho nn vai tr caWaly thng gn gi v mu m nht l:Ngi Cha rut, ng nihay ng ngoi, anh em trai sau mi nngibc hay ch...

Th t:Nhn chng cho cuc hn nhn l bo m s hn nhn c gi tr, vsau ny c con ci, cng nh nu c xa nhau cng c s nhn chng xc nhn sau ,cn tng lai lu di na... Qua bng chng do b Aysah (m ca nhng ngi tin tng)thut li li ca Rosul nh sau: "L Nikah nu khng c v Waly v hai nhn chng cng

bng th l Nikah khng c gi tr".Hadith do Al Baihaky v Ad arukodny ghi li.


16/21

Chanlyislam 16

Qua Hadith khc do ng Ibnu Abbas thut li li ca Rosul nh sau: "Nhngngi ph n t lm m ci m khng c nhn chng l ngi gian dm (t Arab gi lBagiyah)".Hadith do At Tirmizy v Al Baihaky ghi li.

Hai nhn chnghoc nhiu hn l nhng ngi Muslim thanh lim chnh trc cngbng, thy, nghe v c cng ng Muslim knh trng. (Xem sch Ahkam Jauwat ala

mazhab arbaa trang 126-132 ).Trn y l gio l lin quan n vn l Nikah giangiph n Muslimah v

n ng Muslim.Nhng i vi ngi ph n Muslimah th khng c php g cho ngin ng ngoi od h l Do Thi gio hoc Thin Cha gio, ngoi tr ngi n ng v o Islam trc khi lm m ci (Nikah).Ngc li,ngi n ng Muslim th c

php lm m ci trc vi nhng ngi ph n o Thi gio v Thin Cha gio mkhng cn bt buc h phi v o trc. Nhng ngoi hai tn gio ra th ngi vtng lai ca ngi n ng Muslim phi v o trc khi lm m ci (Nikah), qua li

phn ca Allah nh sau:

"V ch kt hn vi cc ph n th a thn (Al Mushrikine) cho n khi no h c ctin (ni Allah) bi v mt ph n n l c c tin tt hn mt ph n th a thn

(Mushrikat) d rng h quyn r cc ngi. V ch kt hn (con gi ca cc ngi)cho nhng n ng th a thn (Al Mushrikin) cho n khi no chng c c tin (niAllah) bi v mt n l nam c c tin tt hn mt ngi n ng th a thn(Musrikin) du rng chng quyn r cc ngi. Nhng ngi th a thn (AlMushrikun) ny mi cc ngi n vi La (ca Ha Ngc) trong lc Allah ku gicc ngi n Thin ng v n vi s Tha Th theo php ca Ngi. V (Allah) trnhby r cc Ayat (Li Mc Khi) ca Ngi cho nhn loi h c th nh (n vic hnnhn)." Suroh 2 : 221.

Allah phn chng khc:

"Ngy nay cc ngi c php dng cc mn (thc phm) tt v sch. Thc phmca nhng Ngi c ban cho Kinh sch c chp thun (halal) cho cc ngi(dng) v thc phm ca cc ngi c chp thun (halal) cho h (dng). Cc ngi


17/21

Chanlyislam 17

c php ci cc trinh n t do c c tin (khng phi l n l) v cc trinh n tdo trong s Ngi c ban cho Kinh Sch vo thi k trc cc ngi vi iukin cc ngi phi tng h phn tin ci bt buc (Mahar) vi mc ch nhn hlm v ch khng v ham mun tnh dc cng khng c nhn h lm tnh nhnvng trm. V ai ph nhn c tin th vic lm ca y s khng c kt qu, v i Sau y

s l mt k thua thit."Suroh 5 : 5.

Trn y l nhng dn chng t thin kinh Qur'an v Sunnah ca Rosul do nhiuV Ulama son tho. Xin vui lng tham kho thm nhng quyn sch: "Az Zawat wa ADirasah" ca Gio s Tin s Fahed ibnu Abdulkarim ibnu Ro-sid As Sinidy (chuynkhoa "As Shariah" - Gio l) ti Riyad Saudi. V "Risalah fi Fikg An Nikah"ca SheikhIslam Ahmad Ibnu Taimiyah chng mc "Nikah Al Kuffar"trang 69-71.

PHNG THC LM L NIKAH TRONG ISLAM

m bo cho "Hn nhn (L Nikah)"c tt p ng theo sunnah ca Nabi, trc tin hai bn (nam v n) phi hiu r vi iu quan trng cn phi thng qua.

1)- Phi bit r rng ngi nam v ngi n khng phi l anh em rut tht v khng c linh trong tnh huyt thng nh Allah phn:

"V ch ci ph n no m ngi cha ca cc ngi ci lm v ngoi trtrng hp l xy ra (trong qu kh) bi v l mt iu nhc v l mt tp tcng gh tm. _ Cm cc ngi (ly lm v cc ph n sau y): M, con gi, ch emrut, c, d, chu (gi bng bc hay ch hay ng), m nui, ch em nui cng b mtv, m v, con gh di quyn gim h ca cc ngi v l con gi ca ngi v mcc ngi n nm; nhng nu con gh l con gi ca ngi v m cc ngicha n nm th cc ngi khng c ti nu ly chng; con du (v ca con rut); cmly hai ch em rut cng mt lc ngoi tr trng hp l xy ra (trong qu kh).Qu tht, Allah Hng Tha th, Rt Mc Khoan dung".S. 4 : 22-23.


18/21

Chanlyislam 18

2)- Phi c s ng ca ngi nam v ngi n (khng c p g) v hai bn (nam vn) phi hiu rng y khng phi l s di tr v li dng.

3)- Bt buc ngi cha ca bn n phi chu trch nhim ng ra g con gi ca mnh. Nuc y khng c cha th anh hay em trai thay th, nu khng th Bc, ch Khi no khng cai thn thucna th v Imam (ngi hng dn bui l Nikah) ng ra i din lm ngigim h (Waly).

Bi v, Rasul c ni rng: "L Nikah (m ci) m khng c lnh ca ngigim h (bn n) th l Nikah khng c gi tr".Hadith do Al Bukhory v Muslim ghili.

4)- Bt buc phi c hai nhn chng n ng (ln tui hn c du) trung tht v o hnh.Hai nhn chng ny phi bit r v c du t qu kh n hin ti, bi v hai nhn chng lngi i din cho Allah trong bui l Nikah .

ng Jabir v ng Ibnu Abbas thut li l Rasul c ni : "L Nikah m khngc s ng ca ngi gim h (c du) v khng c hai nhn chng trung tht, th l

Nikah y khng c gi tr".

Trng hp khng c hai nhn chng n ng, th chng ta c th thay th nhnchng l n b, nhng phi bn ngi n b trung thc v o hnh ch khng phi haingi, v bn ngi ny cng phi bit r rng thn phn ca ngi con gi t qu khn hin ti.

5)- Ngi nam phi trao tin ci (Mahar) ty theo s lng ca ngi n i hi, nungi n khng cn th ngi nam c min. V tin ci ny ch c mt mnh c duc ton quyn s dng, khng ai c quyn ng n k c ch r.

Trn y l nhng iu kin trc khi tin hnh l Nikah, v hn nhn trong Islam khngphi l vic mua bn trong s thng lng giao ko, v cng khng phi v vt cht traoi trong vic tnh cm v chng. Cho nn, gio lIslam a ra l ngi con gi hay ngin b ga khng th t ng i ly chng m cha c s ng ca ngi gim h(Waly).

Phng thc lm l Nikah

L Nikah ca Islam rt n gin, ch cn hai gim h (nam v n), hai nhn chngn ng bn n v Imam lm ch bui l, d nhin l c ch r ngi k bn (vai chnh). Saukhi thng qua nhng iu bt buc trn th Imam i din c bi thuyt ging (Khutbah),i khi nh sau:


19/21

Chanlyislam 19

"Alhamdulillah, xin chn thnh t n n Ngi (Allah), Ngi Duy nht m chng ti cuxin, v do s rng lng ca Ngi m chng ti c tha th, xin Ngi tha th nhng hnhng ti li v li ni v thc ca chng ti. Do s hng dn ca Ngi m chng tikhng lm lc v tht bi. Nu Ngi ght ai th ngi s lm thang v tht bi trn iny cng nh Ngy Sau.Chng ti xin chp nhn rng, ch c Ngi Duy nht chng ti

tn th v khng bao gi phn li Ngi. Chng ti cng xin chp nhn rng Muhammad ln l v l S Gi ca Ngi.

Xin t n Ngi to ra con ngi t git mu, v t sinh si ny n nhn loi lmgng v cai qun tri t ny.Xin t n Ngi to ra s hn phi em li cuc sngan vui, hnh phc v nu cao danh dca con ngi.Xin t n Ngi to ra n b tn ng, v ri kt hn vi nhau m bc ln nhau trong cuc sng.

i Allah ! Thng ca chng ti, Ngi l ng Ban B, ng V Tha, ng to ra

cuc sng thanh bnh, m no v hnh phc. i Allah ! Xin chng nhn rng Thin s caNgi mong mun cho mn kt hn vi nhau, v s tun theo nhng s li cun xigic ca shaytan. Xin chn thnh cu nguyn s tt lnh cho Thin s , cng nhng vng tm v nhng mn nghe theo li ging dy ca Ngicho n Ngy Tn Th".

Trong Thin kinh Quran, Allah c phn nhng on nh sau:

"Hi nhn loi! Hy s Rabb (Allah) ca cc ngi, ng to cc ngi t mtngi duy nht (Adam) v t Ngi to ra ngi v (Hauwa) ca Ngi v t haingi (v chng), (Allah) ri ra v s n ng v n b (trn khp mt t). V hys Allah, ng m cc ngi i hi (quyn hn) ln nhau v hy (knh trng) nhngd con, bi v qu tht Allah Hng theo di cc ngi".S. 4 : 1

"Hi nhng ai c nim tin! Hy s Allah v ni nng tht th. _ Ngi s ci thin viclm ca cc ngi cho cc ngi v tha ti cho cc ngi; v ai vng lnh Allah v Sgi ca Ngi, th chc chn s thnh t v vang".S. 33 : 70-71


20/21

Chanlyislam 20

"Hi nhng ai c nim tin! Hy s Allah theo l m Ngi phi c khip s v chcht trong tnh trng cc ngi l nhng ngi Muslim (thn phc Allah)".S. 3 : 102

Th tc lm Nikah

- Ngi gim h n bt tay ch r (vn gi t th bt tay) v ni: - Ti xin g con gi

(hoc ch, em hay chu) ca ti tn l cho vi s tin ci (Mahar) l, vyanh c bng lng khng?

- Ch r phi tr li: - Vng, ti bng lng ci c vi s tin ci l.

Sau , nu c s sch th lm th tc (bin bn) v k tn vo s trong s chngkin ca hai nhn chng v v Imam hng dn bui l l nhng ngi i din cho Allah,cng nh c s k tn ca hai ngi gim h (hai bn).n y phn Nikah xem nh xong, lc ny nu Imam c th nn chc mng v gio hun cho hai chu hiu bit thm v

vn tnh ngha v chng trong tng lai. Ti xin trch ngha v ni dung mt trongnhng bi thng nghe sau y:

Bismillah hir rahman nir rahhim,

Assalamu alaikum

Hai bn thn mn!

Alhamdulillah, hm nay l ngy long trng v v i nht trong cuc i ca hai bn,vi s chng kin ng o ca hai h, b con thn quyn v bn b xa gn. l mt danhd ln lao cho hai bn v hai gia nh cng nh b con h hng ca hai bn, chng kins hn phi theo gio l Islam m Thin s (sa) ca chng ta tri qua v mong chng tanoi theo.

Alhamdulillah, hm nay hai bn khng ph lng ca Ngi (sa) v k t gi phtny hai bn bc qua giai on cuc sng mi, v Thin s Muhammad (sa) c ni:"Hn nhn l i c na on ng ca tn gio K t hm nay hai bn trthnh mt ngi chng v mt ngi v, v nay mai s tr thnh mt ngi cha v mtngi m, Insha-Allah. Phn na on ngcn li l s m bc, tng thn tng tr,yu thng, v chia s nhng chuyn vui bun ln nhau, mc d hai bn l hai nhng tht rach c mt m thi.


21/21

Chanlyislam 21

Hai bn thn mn!

Tng lai, cuc sng la i s thay i bao nhiu iu hai bn, nh s chungngxc tht c xc nhn "Halal" (cho php) hm nay, hai bn s bt i nhng ti li ca sli cun dc vng ca Shaytan gy ra, ngc li hai bn s gt hi c nhiu phc lcca Allah ban cho. Hy v Allah m sng, m bc v bo v cho nhau, hy thng yugip ln nhau v hy khuyn bo nhau lm nhng iu tt lnh v o c. Cng vAllah m c gng lm trn trch nhim v bn phn ca mt ngi chng v mt ngi v,v mai y hai bn s cn gnh thm bao trch nhim nui nng v dy d con chu.

Hm nay di s hng dn ca Imam (ti), s chng gim ca gim h v s chngkin ca hai nhn chng trung thc. l nhng ngi i din thing ling ca Allah xc nhn cuc hn nhn ca hai bn theo ng gio lut ca Islam.

Wassalam,

Sau Imam c bi u'a cho "c du ch r" ty theo s cu nguyn ca Imam, khng nht thit l bi u-a no nht nh.

Trn y l phng thc hng dn lml Nikah theo sunnah ca Nabi , tuy l ngin nhng rt quan trng, v n mang tnh cch "hp thc ha"cho hai ngi nam vnqua nhng ngi i din caAllah.

Cu xin Allah ban cho chng ta nhng s hiu bit trnh nhng g Shaytan cm d

rii ngc li con ng ca Nabi Muhammad dy, cu xin Ngi ban cho chng tithnh cng i ny cng nh Ngy Sau, amin.

MOH M D HOSEN in son

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GIAO LY HON NHAN TRONG ISLAM.pdf