Gi-Fi Technology Report

GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Gigabit Wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip that

operates at 60 GHz on the CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) process. It

will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the

current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth of the cost, usually within a range of 10

metres. In fact, Gi-Fi is a wireless transmission system which is ten times faster than Wi-Fi

and it is expected revolution networking in offices and homes by implementing high-speed

wireless environments. It utilizes a 5 mm square chip and a 1 mm wide antenna burning less

than 2 milli watts of power to transmit data wirelessly over short distances, much like

bluetooth. Gi-Fi technology provides many features such as ease of deployment, small form

factor, enabling the future of information management, high speed of data transfer, low

power consumption etc. With growing consumer adoption of High-Definition (HD)

television, low cost chip and other interesting features and benefits of this new technology

can be predicted that the anticipated worldwide market for this technology is vast. The new

technology is predicted to revolutionize the way household gadgets talk to each other.

Gi-Fi can be considered as a challenger to Bluetooth rather than Wi-Fi and could find

applications ranging from new mobile phones to consumer electronics. Gi-Fi allows a full-

length high definition movie to be transferred between two devices in seconds to the higher

megapixel count on our cameras, the increased bit rate on our music files, the higher

resolution of our video files. Within five years we expect Gi-Fi to be the dominant

technology for wireless networking. By that time it will be fully mobile, as well as providing

low-cost, high broadband access, with very high speed large files swapped within seconds

which will develop wireless home and office of future. Gi-Fi potentially can bring wireless

broadband to the enterprise in an entirely new way. Enhancements to next generation gaming

technology is one of the other benefits of this technology.

The Nitro chipset in Gi-Fi technology by offering reduced size and power

consumption, can be used to send and receive large amounts of data in a variety of

applications, it is able to transfer gigabits of data within seconds and therefore it can be used

for huge data file transmission and it is expected that this chipset replaces HDMI (High

Definition Multimedia Interface) cables and could develop wireless home and office of

future.

Dept ECE, TJIT, Bangalore 2015-2016 PAGE 1

GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

The Gi-Fi chip is a good news for personal area networking because there is no

internet infrastructure available to cop it with. It can have a span of 10 meters. The usable

prototype may be less than a year away. With the help of Gi-Fi chips the videos sharing can

be possible without any hurdles. The Gi-Fi chip is one of Australia's most lucrative

technologies. The new gigabit wireless system provides multi-gigabit wireless technology

that removes the need for cables between consumer electronic devices and is more than 100

times faster than current short-range wireless technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. This

technology with high level of frequency re-use can satisfy the communication needs of

multiple customers within a small geographic region.


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Gi-Fi: Future of Wireless Technology

- Author: Shikhar Bahl, Rishabh Rai, June 2015 Proposed a model in which they implement a technology which gain flexibility of

infrastructure, reduce capital expenditure, gain advantages over competitors and to solve

business problems.

2. Effective GI-FI Wireless Technology

- Author: M. karthika, A.K. SathiyaBama, Jan 2016 Proposed that wireless dual band router and wireless dual band USB adapter are based on

the next generation Wi-Fi technology, which is a new wireless computer networking standard

in the 802.11 ac family.

3. Gi-Fi Technology: A Technology with Standard Features

- Author: Rakesh Kumar Jha, Pooja Kharga, 2015 Proposed a model that MIMO (Multiple input Multiple output) increase the capacity 10

times and the system enables significant reduction of latency on the radio interface using the

low numbers.

4. A Survey on GI-FI Technology

- Author: Sonali B. Maind, Pravin V. Khawse, May 2015 Proposed a model that the introduction of Gi-Fi wireless network has proved a solution to

Bluetooth and Wi-Fi problem, the limitations for data exchange rate and range.


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Architecture of Gi-Fi: The core components of a Gi-Fi system is the subscriber station which available to

several access points. It supports standard of IEEE 802.15.3C supports millimetre-wave

wireless pan network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones

and personal digital assistants) close to one person. An 802.15.3C based system often uses

small antenna at the subscriber station. The antenna is mounted on the roof. It supports line of

sight operation. The fig 3.1 shows the gigabit wireless pan network.

Fig:3.1 - GIGABIT WIRELESS PAN NETWORK

3.2 Fundamental Technologies in 802.15.3C: This millimetre-wave WPAN will operate in the new and clear band including 57-64

GHz unlicensed band defined by FCC 47 CFR 15.255. The millimetre-wave WPAN will

allow high coexistence (close physical spacing) with all other microwave systems in the

802.15 family of WPANs.

Two Technologies that help realize GWLAN are,

• Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

• System-On-a-Package (SOP)


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

3.2.1. Multiple Input Multiple Outputs:

MIMO wireless is an emerging cost effective technology that offers substantial

leverages in making 1Gbps wireless links a reality. In this principle, it meets the 1Gbps data

rate requirement if the product of bandwidth (measured in Hz) and spectral efficiency

(measured in bps/Hz) equals 10^9. MIMO wireless constitutes a technological breakthrough

that will allow Gbps speeds in NLOS wireless networks. The performance improvements

resulting from the use of MIMO systems are due to

Array gain

Diversity gain

Spatial Multiplexing Gain

Interference Reduction

3.2.2. System-On-A-Package:

SOP approach for the next-generation wireless solution is a more feasible option than

SOC. Recent development of materials and processes in packaging area makes it possible to

bring the concept of SOP into the RF world to meet the stringent needs in wireless

communication area. Wireless devices implementing complex functionality require a large

amount of circuitry and consequently require a large conventional package or MCM real

estate. SOP goes one step beyond Multi Chip Module (MCM) by enhancing overall

performances and adding more functionality

CHAPTER 4Dept ECE, TJIT, Bangalore 2015-2016 PAGE 5

GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

DETAILS4.1 Working in Gi-Fi:

Here we will be use a time division duplex for both transmission and receiving. The

data files are up converted from IF range to RF 60 Ghz range by using 2 mixers. We will feed

this to a power amplifier, which feeds millimetre-wave antenna.

The incoming RF signal is first down converted to an IF signal centred at 5 GHz and

then to normal data ranges, here we will use heterodyne construction for this process to avoid

leakages due to direct conversion. Due to availability of 7 GHz spectrum the total data will be

transferred within seconds.

4.1.1 Time-division duplex:

Time-Division Duplex (TDD) is the application of time-division multiplexing to

separate outward and return signals. It emulates full duplex communication over a half

duplex communication link. As uplink traffic increases, more channel capacity can

dynamically be allocated to that, and as it shrinks it can be taken away.

Fig: 4.1 – Time Division Duplex

Time division duplex (TDD) refers to duplex communication links where uplink is

separated from downlink by the allocation of different time slots in the same frequency band.

It is a transmission scheme that allows asymmetric flow for uplink and downlink data

transmission. Users are allocated time slots for uplink and downlink transmission. This

method is highly advantageous in case there is an asymmetry of uplink and downlink data

rates. TDD divides a data stream into frames and assigns different time slots to forward and


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

reverse transmissions, thereby allowing both types of transmissions to share the same

transmission medium. The fig 4.1 shows the time division duplex diagram.

4.1.2 Why 60 GHz..?

Here we will use millimetre wave antenna which will operate at 60 GHz frequency

which is unlined band .Because of this band we are achieving high data rates energy

propagation in the 60 GHz band has unique characteristics that make possible many other

benefits such as excellent immunity to co-channel interference, high security, and frequency

re-use.

Fig: 4.2 –Oxygen Attenuation vs Frequency

Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years

for satellite-to-satellite communications. This is because of high oxygen absorption at 60

GHz (10-15 dB/km). This absorption attenuates 60 GHz signals over distance, so that signals

cannot travel far beyond their intended recipient. For this reason, 60 GHz is an excellent

choice for convert communication. The fig 4.2 shows the need of 60 GHz.

Most important aspect is Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have

been used for many years by the intelligence community for high security communications

and by the military for satellite-to-satellite communications. Their interest in this frequency

band stems from a phenomenon of nature the oxygen molecule (O2) absorbs electromagnetic

energy at 60 GHz like a piece of food in a microwave oven. This absorption occurs to a much


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

higher degree at 60 GHz than at lower frequencies typically used for wireless

communications. This absorption weakens (attenuates) 60 GHz signals over distance, so that

signals cannot travel far beyond their intended recipient. For this reason, 60 GHz is an

excellent choice for covert satellite-to-satellite communications because the earth’s

atmosphere acts like a shield preventing earth-based eavesdropping. Because of the rich

legacy of applications in this band, a wide variety of components and subassemblies for 60

GHz products are available today.

Another consequence of O2 absorption is that radiation from one particular 60 GHz

radio link is quickly reduced to a level that will not interfere with other 60 GHz links

operating in the same geographic vicinity. This reduction enables higher “frequency reuse”

the ability for more 60 GHz links to operate in the same geographic area than links with

longer ranges. As an example, let’s compare two different links, one operating near 60 GHz

and the other at a frequency that is less affected by O2 absorption. The second link could be

operating at another unlicensed frequency such as 2.4 GHz or 24 GHz.

Consider a typical operating scenario where both links are operating over a distance

of one kilometre with the transmitters power output adjusted such that the signal level at the

receiver is 30 decibels (dB) above the background noise. Fig 3.2 shows how the signal level

drops with distance beyond the receiver in the two cases. For the link unaffected by O2

absorption, it takes 32 kilometres (km) for the transmitted signal to drop down to the

background noise level. In other words, that signal would interfere with any other signal at

that same frequency for more than 30 kilometres beyond its original recipient. That reduces

the number of links at that frequency that can be installed in a fairly large area. Also, this

means that the lower-frequency signal could be intercepted up to more than 30 kilometres

beyond its intended recipient. In contrast, the transmitted signal at 60 GHz drops down to the

noise level in a 2.5 km.

Consequently, more 60 GHz links can be used in the same area without worrying

about interference. Also, the 60 GHz links are far more secure given their limited range.

The main invention of Gi-Fi is to provide higher bit rate. As the name itself indicates

data transfer rate is in Giga bits per second. Speed of Gi-Fi is 5 gbps, which is 10 times the

present data transfer. Because of this high speed data transfer, we can swap large video,

audio, data files within seconds. Because of wider availability of continuous 7 GHz spectrum

results in high data rates.


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

4.1.3 Ultra Wide Band Frequency Usage:

UWB is a technology with high bit rate, high security and faster data transmission. It

is a zero carrier technique with low coverage area. So we have low power consumption.

These features are Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a technology for transmitting information

spread over a large bandwidth (>500 MHz) that should be able to share spectrum with other

users. Regulatory settings of FCC are intended to provide an efficient use of scarce radio

bandwidth while enabling both high data rate personal-area network (PAN) wireless

connectivity and longer-range, low data rate applications as well as radar and imaging

systems.

4.2 Comparison between Gi-Fi, Wi-Fi & Bluetooth: The table 4.1 gives the comparison between Gi-Fi, Wi-Fi & Bluetooth .

Table 4.1 : Comparison between Gi-fi, Bluetooth, Wi-fi

4.3 Features of GI-FI:4.3.1 High speed of data transfer:

The main invention of Gi-Fi is to provide higher bit rate. As the name itself indicates

data transfer rate is in Giga bits per second. Speed of Gi-Fi is 5 Gbps, which is 10 times the

present data transfer. Because of this high speed data transfer, we can swap large video,

audio, data files within seconds. Because of wider availability of continuous 7 GHz spectrum

results in high data rates.


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

4.3.2 Low Power Consumption:

As the large amount of information transfer it utilizes milli-watts of power only. It

consumes only 2 milli-watt power for data transfer of gigabits of information, where as in

present technologies it takes 10 milli-watt powers, which is very high.

4.3.3 High Security:

As the IEEE 802.15.3C provides more security, it provides link level and service

level security, where these features are optional. Point-to-point wireless systems operating at

60 GHz have been used for many years by the intelligence community for high security

communications and by the military for satellite-to satellite communications. The combined

effects of O2 absorption and narrow beam spread result in high security and low interference.

4.3.4 Cost-effective:

Gi-Fi is based on an open, international standard. Mass adoption of the standard, and

the use of low-cost, mass-produced chipsets, will drive costs down dramatically, and the

resultant integrated wireless transceiver chip which transfers data at high speed low power at

low price $10 only which is very less as compare to present systems. As go on development

the price will be decreased.

4.3.5 Small Size:

Fig: 4.3- Gi-Fi chip

The chip is just 5 mm per side, has a tiny 1 mm antenna and uses the 60GHz

‘millimetre-wave’ spectrum. The fig 4.3 gives Gi-Fi chip .

4.3.6 Quick Deployment:

Compared with the deployment of wired solutions, Wi-MAX requires little or no

external plant construction. For example, excavation to support the trenching of cables is not


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

required. Operators that have obtained licenses to use one of the licensed bands, or that plan

to use one of the unlicensed bands do not need to submit further applications to the

government. Once the antenna and equipment are installed and powered Gi-Fi is ready for

service. In most cases, deployment of Gi-Fi can be completed in a matter of minutes

compared with hours for other solutions.

4.3.7 Other features:

High level of frequency re-use enabled communication needs of multiple customers

within a small geographic region can be satisfied

It is also highly portable we can construct where ever we want.

It deploys line of sight operation having only shorter coverage area, it has more

flexible architecture.

4.4 Gi-Fi Access Devices:

Fig: 4.4 – Gi-Fi access devices

The figure 4.4 shows some of the different types of Gi-Fi access devices. This

diagram shows that access devices include network termination units, internal radio modules,

network interface cards, printers, PC’s, all house hold electronic appliances on

communication devices.

4.5. Advantages of Gi-Fi Technology:1. High Speed of Data Transfer:


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

As the name indicates, data transfer of Gi-Fi technology is in Gigabits per second.

Speed of Gi-Fi is 5 Gbps, which is 10 times the data transfer of the existing technologies.

As the high data transfer rate could be transmitted in cellular networks and mobile

phones.

2. Low Power Consumption:

The power consumption of Gi-Fi wireless technology is low as in a range of tiny one-

millimetre-wide antenna and it has less than 2 milli-watts of power consumption that in

comparison to the current wireless technologies.

3. Secure:

Gi-Fi technology has to be more secure as compared to other wireless technologies

such as bluetooth. Operating systems of 60 GHz have been used for years by intelligence

companies for security reasons and by the militants for satellite to satellite communications.

4. Cost Effective:

Coming to the point of cost perspective, it makes use of low cost chipsets, which

drops down the rates dramatically and results in wireless technology with high speed and low

prices. Re-use of high frequency levels is enabled which makes it easier to communicate with

a wide range of customers within a specific geographic region and it makes them cost

efficient.

5. Portability:

As the Gi-Fi is highly portable, which makes it very convenient to construct it

wherever we need it and it also installs the line of sight operations having a short coverage

area, as it offers a versatile architecture. It is highly portable in accessing devices such as in

internal radio modules, network interface cards, network transmission units, in household

appliances.

6. High Mobility:

As the Gi-Fi offers high mobility and portability, it provides a better coverage area

which allows this technology to go higher and it provides a better data rates at higher speed.

CHAPTER 5

RESULT


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

In recent years, new wireless local area networks (WLANs) such as Wi-Fi and

wireless personal area networks (WPAN) such as Bluetooth have become available. Wireless

USB, which matches the same range but roughly the same 480 Mbps peak speed of its wired

equivalent. In new trends Gi-Fi wireless technology has been developed and can be

replacement for technologies such as bluetooth and ultra-wideband (UWB). The process of

Gi-Fi would use a chip that transmits at an extremely high 60 GHz frequency versus the 5

GHz used for the fastest forms of Wi-Fi.

The sheer density of the signal would allow a chip to send as much as 5 gigabits per

second. While the spectrum would limit the device to the same 33-foot range as Bluetooth or

UWB, it could theoretically transfer an HD movie to a cell phone in seconds. Mixing and

signal filtering used in Gi-Fi technology would keep the signal strong versus the longer-

ranged but slower and more drop prone Wi-Fi option of today. The chip in Gi-fi would likely

cost is less. The table 5.1 gives details of Gi-Fi chip.

Table 5.1 : Details of Gi-Fi chip

CHAPTER 6

APPLICATIONS


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

There are many usage scenarios that can be addressed by Gi-Fi. The following are

some mobility usage applications of Gi-Fi.

6.1 House Hold Appliances:

Consumers could typically download a high definition movie from a kiosk in a matter

of seconds to music player or smart phone and having got home could play it on a home

theatre system or store it on a home server for future viewing, again within a few seconds,

high speed internet access, streaming content download (video on demand, HDTV, home

theatre, etc.), real time streaming and wireless data bus for cable replacement. It makes the

wireless home and office of the future.

6.2 Office Appliances:

Fig: 6.1 – Office Appliance

As it transfers data at high speeds which made work very easy, it also provides high

quality of information from internet. The fig 6.1 shows office appliance.

6.3 Video information transfer:

By using present technologies video swapping takes hours of time, whereas by this

we can transfer at a speed of Gbps. The fig 6.2 shows the video information transfer.


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

Fig: 6.2 – Video Information Transfer

Data transfer rate is same for transfer of information from a PC to a cell or a cell to a

PC. It can enable wireless monitors, the efficient transfer of data from digital camcorders,

wireless printing of digital pictures from a camera without the need for an intervening

personal computer and the transfer of files among cell phone handsets and other handheld

devices like personal digital audio and video players.

6.4 Inter-vehicle communication system:

Fig: 6.3 – Inter Vehicle Communication

Gi-Fi technology uses a wide number of applications in inter-vehicle communication

systems as it enables the vehicles to stay connected and go and it also offers better speed of

vehicles in advent of communication system. The data exchange between vehicles is made

possible by ad-hoc networks. The fig 6.3 shows the inter vehicle communication.

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

Gi-Fi has given and it is conspicuous that more research should be done in the field of this new wireless technology and its applications .The Bluetooth which covers 9-10mts range and wi-fi followed 91mts no doubt introduction of wi-fi wireless network has proved a revolutionary solution to bluetooth problem the standard original limitations for data exchange rate and range, number of chances, high cost of infrastructure have not yet possible for wi-fi to become a power network, then towards this problem the better technology despite the advantages of rate present technologies led to the introduction of new ,more up to date for data exchange that is GI-FI. The comparison is performed between Gi-Fi and existing wireless technologies in this paper shows that these features along with some other benefits that make it suitable to replace the existing wireless technologies. It removes cables that for many years ruled over the world and provides high speed data transfer rate. Gi-Fi technology has much number of applications and can be used in many places and devices such as smart phones, wireless pan networks, media access control and mm-Wave video-signals transmission systems.


GI-FI TECHNOLOGY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1]. S. Dheeraj and S. Gopichand, 2002,” Gi-Fi: New Era of Wireless

Technology,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 52, no.5, pp. 1195-1203.

[2]. Gowtham S Shetty, 2006,” Gi-Fi: Next Generation Wireless

Technology,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 324- 352.

[3]. Ross and John, 2007,” The book of wireless: a painless guide to Wi-Fi and broadband

wireless,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 38, no.

12, pp. 78-84.

[4]. Sachin Abhyankar, 2009,” Gi-Fi: Emerging Technologies”, IEEE

Trans. Commun., vol. 14, no. 34, pp. 87-95.

[5]. Ramirez, 2011,” On performance of ultra wideband signals in Gaussian noise,” IEEE

Trans. Commun., vol. 67, no. 46, pp. 244-249.

[6]. GI-FI technology “Wikipedia”


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Gi-Fi Technology Report